At what moment are you dead? - Randall Hayes

4,940,724 views ใƒป 2014-12-11

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Won Jang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
For as far back as we can trace our existence,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žœ ์˜›๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
00:09
humans have been fascinated with death and resurrection.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ฃฝ์Œ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ™œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Nearly every religion in the world has some interpretation of them,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๊ต์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜๊ณ 
00:18
and from our earliest myths
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹ ํ™”์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ธ”๋ก๋ฒ„์Šคํ„ฐ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ๊นŒ์ง€
00:20
to the latest cinematic blockbusters, the dead keep coming back.
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์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
But is resurrection really possible?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ™œ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:27
And what is the actual difference between a living creature and a dead body, anyway?
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์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์™€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋ชธ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:33
To understand what death is, we need to understand what life is.
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์ฃฝ์Œ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์‚ถ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
One ancient theory was an idea called vitalism,
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'์ƒ๊ธฐ์„ค'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
which claimed that living things were unique
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์ด ์ด๋ก ์€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:43
because they were filled with a special substance, or energy,
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์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ํ˜น์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:47
that was the essence of life.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Whether it was called qi,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ '๊ธฐ', '์ƒ๋ช…์†Œ',
00:51
lifeblood,
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00:52
or humors,
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ํ˜น์€ '๋งˆ์Œ' ๋“ฑ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:53
the belief in such an essence was common throughout the world,
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00:57
and still persists in the stories of creatures
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ ์—๋„ ๋‚จ์•„์„œ
00:59
who can somehow drain life from others,
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ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋นจ์•„์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜
01:03
or some form of magical sources that can replenish it.
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์ Š์Œ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹ ๋น„ํ•œ ์›์ฒœ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Vitalism began to fade in the Western world
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'์ƒ๊ธฐ์„ค'์ด ์ ์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
01:10
following the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century.
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17์„ธ๊ธฐ ๊ณผํ•™ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Renรฉ Descartes advanced the notion
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๋ฅด๋„ค ๋ฐ์นด๋ฅดํŠธ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:15
that the human body was essentially no different from any other machine,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
01:20
brought to life by a divinely created soul located in the brain's pineal gland.
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์†ก๊ณผ์ฒด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
And in 1907, Dr. Duncan McDougall even claimed that the soul had mass,
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1907๋…„์—๋Š” ๋งฅ๋‘๊ฑธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:31
weighing patients immediately before and after death in an attempt to prove it.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ์ง์ „๊ณผ ์งํ›„์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Though his experiments were discredited, much like the rest of vitalism,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์„ค๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ ๋น™์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
01:41
traces of his theory still come up in popular culture.
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๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ”์ ์ด ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
But where do all these discredited theories leave us?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ๋น™์„ฑ ์—†๋Š” ์ด๋ก ๋“ค๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:48
What we now know is that life is not contained
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋งˆ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:50
in some magical substance or spark,
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01:53
but within the ongoing biological processes themselves.
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
And to understand these processes,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
01:59
we need to zoom down to the level of our individual cells.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
Inside each of these cells,
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๊ฐ ๊ฐ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:05
chemical reactions are constantly occurring,
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02:09
powered by the glucose and oxygen that our bodies convert
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ํฌ๋„๋‹น๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์—์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ
02:12
into the energy-carrying molecule known as ATP.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ATP๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์šด๋ฐ˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Cells use this energy for everything from repair
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์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ƒ, ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์—ด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
to growth
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02:20
to reproduction.
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02:22
Not only does it take a lot of energy to make the necessary molecules,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:25
but it takes even more to get them where they need to be.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
The universal phenomenon of entropy
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๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
02:32
means that molecules will tend towards diffusing randomly,
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๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
moving from areas of high concentration to low concentration,
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๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:40
or even breaking apart into smaller molecules and atoms.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ„์ž๋‚˜ ์›์ž๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐœ์ง€๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
02:43
So cells must constantly keep entropy in check
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
by using energy to maintain their molecules
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๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
02:49
in the very complicated formations
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02:51
necessary for biological functions to occur.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
The breaking down of these arrangements when the entire cell succumbs to entropy
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๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์— ๊ตด๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ
03:00
is what eventually results in death.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ '์ฃฝ์Œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
This is the reason organisms can't be simply sparked back to life
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์œผ๋ฉด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:07
once they've already died.
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03:08
We can pump air into someone's lungs,
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์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
03:11
but it won't do much good
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
03:12
if the many other processes involved in the respiratory cycle
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ํ˜ธํก์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ์ •๋“ค์ด
03:15
are no longer functioning.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ž‘๋™์„ ๋ฉˆ์ท„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:18
Similarly, the electric shock from a defibrillator
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ œ์„ธ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด
03:21
doesn't jump-start an inanimate heart,
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์ฃฝ์€์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋›ฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:23
but resynchronizes the muscle cells in an abnormally beating heart
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๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ
03:28
so they regain their normal rhythm.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
This can prevent a person from dying, but it won't raise a dead body,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์•„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
์ด๋ฏธ ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๋ถ™์ธ ๊ดด๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
or a monster sewn together from dead bodies.
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03:37
So it would seem that all our various medical miracles
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ•™์  ๊ธฐ์ ๋“ค์ด
03:40
can delay or prevent death but not reverse it.
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์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์–ด๋„
๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
03:45
But that's not as simple as it sounds
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ •์ง“๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ข€ ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
because constant advancements in technology and medicine
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์˜ํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:50
have resulted in diagnoses such as coma,
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ํ˜ผ์ˆ˜์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:53
describing potentially reversible conditions,
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:56
under which people would have previously been considered dead.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
In the future, the point of no return may be pushed even further.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋Œ์ดํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ์งˆ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Some animals are known to extend their lifespans
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:08
or survive extreme conditions
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๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:10
by slowing down their biological processes
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์„
04:13
to the point where they are virtually paused.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Šฆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
And research into cryonics hopes to achieve the same
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์‹œ์ฒด๋ƒ‰๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
by freezing dying people and reviving them later
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์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ƒ‰๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:23
when newer technology is able to help them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์›๋ž˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:26
See, if the cells are frozen, there's very little molecular movement,
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์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
04:30
and diffusion practically stops.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Even if all of a person's cellular processes had already broken down,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ง๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
04:38
this could still conceivably be reversed by a swarm of nanobots,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
moving all the molecules back to their proper positions,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
04:45
and injecting all of the cells with ATP at the same time,
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ์— ATP๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์‚ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:49
presumably causing the body to simply pick up where it left off.
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์„ธํฌ๋“ค์„ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณต๊ตฌ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
So if we think of life not as some magical spark,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์‹ ๋น„ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:56
but a state of incredibly complex, self-perpetuating organization,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋‚˜๋ฉด
05:00
death is just the process of increasing entropy
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์ฃฝ์Œ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
that destroys this fragile balance.
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05:06
And the point at which someone is completely dead
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ฃฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:09
turns out not to be a fixed constant,
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๋”ฑ ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
05:12
but simply a matter of how much of this entropy
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ
05:14
we're currently capable of reversing.
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์–ด๋Š ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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