The Egyptian Book of the Dead: A guidebook for the underworld - Tejal Gala

7,539,574 views ใƒป 2016-10-31

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seohee Kim
00:06
Ani stands before a large golden scale
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํฐ ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ ์ €์šธ ์•ž์— ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
where the jackal-headed god Anubis is weighing his heart
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž์นผ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์•„๋ˆ„๋น„์Šค ์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
against a pure ostrich feather.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์—๋Š” ํƒ€์กฐ ๊นƒํ„ธ์„ ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
Ani was a real person,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ
00:17
a scribe from the Egyptian city of Thebes
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ํ…Œ๋ฒ ์˜ ์„œ๊ธฐ์˜€๊ณ 
00:20
who lived in the 13th century BCE.
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๊ธฐ์›์ „ 13์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
And depicted here is a scene from his Book of the Dead,
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
a 78-foot papyrus scroll designed to help him attain immortality.
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๊ทธ ์ฑ…์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋ฉธ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” 23.7m ์˜ ํŒŒํ”ผ๋ฃจ์Šค ๋‘๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
00:32
Such funerary texts were originally written only for Pharaohs,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๋ก€๋ฌธ์„œ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์“ฐ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
00:37
but with time, the Egyptians came to believe
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ๋“ค์€
00:39
regular people could also reach the afterlife
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์˜๋ก€์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด
00:43
if they succeeded in the passage.
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์‚ฌํ›„์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Ani's epic journey begins with his death.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ ์žฅ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
His body is mummified by a team of priests
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ชธ์€ ์‚ฌ์ œ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
who remove every organ except the heart,
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์‚ฌ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ •, ์ถ”์–ต๊ณผ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์„
00:55
the seat of emotion, memory, and intelligence.
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์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
It's then stuffed with a salt called natron
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ก ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ธˆ์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
01:01
and wrapped in resin-soaked linen.
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์†ก์ง„์— ์ –์€ ๋ฆฌ๋„จ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
In addition, the wrappings are woven with charms for protection
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํฌ์žฅ์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฎ์–ด์„œ
01:08
and topped with a heart scarab amulet that will prove important later on.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ์œ„์—๋Š” ํ’๋Ž…์ด ๋ถ€์ ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:13
The goal of the two-month process is to preserve Ani's body as an ideal form
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์ด ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋ฉฐ
01:18
with which his spirit can eventually reunite.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
But first, that spirit must pass through the duat, or underworld.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ ์˜ํ˜ผ์€ ์‚ฌํ›„์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ˜น์€ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
This is a realm of vast caverns,
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™๊ตด,
01:29
lakes of fire,
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๋ถˆ์˜ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜,
01:30
and magical gates,
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๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
all guarded by fearsome beasts -
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ๊ดด์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:33
snakes, crocodiles, and half-human monstrosities
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๊ทธ ๊ดด๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋ฑ€, ์•…์–ด, ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ
01:37
with names like "he who dances in blood."
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โ€œ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”ผ ์†์—์„œ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹คโ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
To make things worse, Apep, the serpent god of destruction,
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์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋” ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์˜ ๋ฑ€์‹ ์ธ ์•„ํŽฉ์ด
01:44
lurks in the shadows waiting to swallow Ani's soul.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์„ ์‚ผํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž์— ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Fortunately, Ani is prepared
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๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š”
01:50
with the magic contained within his book of the dead.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฑ… ์†์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Like other Egyptians who could afford it,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:56
Ani customized his scroll to include the particular spells, prayers, and codes
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ, ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฌธ, ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‘๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
he thought his spirit might need.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
Equipped with this arsenal,
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์ด ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:06
our hero traverses the obstacles,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์›…์€ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ
02:08
repels the monsters' acts,
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๊ดด๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฒฉํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ 
02:10
and stealthily avoids Apep
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์€๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•„ํŽฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด
02:12
to reach the Hall of Ma'at, goddess of truth and justice.
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์ง„์‹ค๊ณผ ์ •์˜์˜ ์—ฌ์‹ ์ธ ๋งˆ์•„ํŠธ์˜ ์ „๋‹น์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
Here, Ani faces his final challenge.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ด€๋ฌธ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
He is judged by 42 assessor gods
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42๋ช…์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋‹จ ์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
who must be convinced that he has lived a righteous life.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์˜ณ์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฉ๋“์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Ani approaches each one,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์„œ
02:29
addressing them by name,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ 
02:31
and declaring a sin he has not committed.
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์„ ์–ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Among these negative confessions, or declarations of innocence,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
02:38
he proclaims that he has not made anyone cry,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์šธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
02:41
is not an eavesdropper,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ง๋„ ์—ฟ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:43
and has not polluted the water.
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๋ฌผ์„ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
But did Ani really live such a perfect life?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•˜์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:49
Not quite, but that's where the heart scarab amulet comes in.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ’๋Ž…์ด ๋ถ€์ ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
It's inscribed with the words, "Do not stand as a witness against me,"
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” โ€œ๋‚˜์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜คโ€ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
precisely so Ani's heart doesn't betray him
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
by recalling the time he listened to his neighbors fight
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
03:03
or washed his feet in the Nile.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋‚˜์ผ๊ฐ•์—์„œ ์”ป์„ ๋•Œ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Now, it's Ani's moment of truth, the weighing of the heart.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๋Š” ์ง„์‹ค์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
If his heart is heavier than the feather, weighed down by Ani's wrongdoings,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ผ๋“ค๋กœ ์ง“๋ˆŒ๋ ค ๊นƒํ„ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌด๊ฒ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:15
it'll be devoured by the monstrous Ammit,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ดด๋ฌผ ์•”๋ฏธํŠธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จนํž ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
part crocodile, part leopard, part hippopotamus,
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์•”๋ฏธํŠธ๋Š” ์•…์–ด, ํ‘œ๋ฒ”๊ณผ ํ•˜๋งˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
and Ani will cease to exist forever.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์˜์›ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
But Ani is in luck.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
His heart is judged pure.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์€ ์ •์งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
Ra, the sun god, takes him to Osiris, god of the underworld,
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ํƒœ์–‘์‹  ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹ ์ธ ์˜ค์‹œ๋ฆฌ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
who gives him final approval to enter the afterlife.
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์˜ค์‹œ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํ›„์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์Šน์ธ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
In the endless and lush field of reeds,
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๊ฐˆ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ๋์—†๋Š” ๋“คํŒ์—์„œ
03:41
Ani meets his deceased parents.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์‹  ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Here, there is no sadness, pain, or anger, but there is work to be done.
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์Šฌํ””๋„ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋„ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋„ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
Like everyone else, Ani must cultivate a plot of land,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋†์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
which he does with the help of a Shabti doll that had been placed in his tomb.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒตํ‹ฐ ์ธํ˜•์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
Today, the Papyrus of Ani resides in the British Museum,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ ํŒŒํ”ผ๋ฃจ์Šค๋Š” ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์—
04:01
where it has been since 1888.
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1888๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Only Ani, if anyone, knows what really happened after his death.
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์˜ค์ง ์•„๋‹ˆ๋งŒ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ ์ดํ›„์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
But thanks to his Book of the Dead,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ์ฑ… ๋•๋ถ„์—
04:10
we can imagine him happily tending his crops for all eternity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๋ฉฐ ์˜์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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