You are your microbes - Jessica Green and Karen Guillemin

1,982,285 views ・ 2013-01-07

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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λ²ˆμ—­: K Bang κ²€ν† : Surie Lee
00:13
Being human,
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μΈκ°„μœΌλ‘œμ¨,
00:16
we each view ourselves as a unique and independent individual,
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우리 κ°μžλŠ” 우리 μžμ‹ μ„ μœ μΌν•˜κ³  독립적인 개인으둜 바라보죠.
00:21
but we're never alone!
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  κ²°μ½” μ™Έλ‘œμš΄ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
Millions of microscopic beings inhabit our bodies,
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수백만의 λ―Έμ„Έν•œ 생물이 우리 λͺΈμ— μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
00:26
and no two bodies are the same.
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μ–΄λŠ 두 μ‚¬λžŒλ„ λ˜‘κ°™μ„ 수 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
00:29
Each is a different habitat for microbial communities:
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κ°μžκ°€ λ―Έμ„Έ μƒλ¬Όμ˜ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ„œμ‹μ§€λžλ‹ˆλ‹€:
00:33
from the arid deserts of our skin,
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맀우 κ±΄μ‘°ν•œ 사막같은 ν”ΌλΆ€μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
00:35
to the villages on our lips,
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μž…μˆ μœ„μ˜ λ§ˆμ„κΉŒμ§€,
00:38
and the cities in our mouths.
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그리고 μž… 속 같은 λ„μ‹œλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ‘ λ‹€λ₯΄κ±°λ“ μš”.
00:39
Even every tooth is its own distinctive neighborhood,
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심지어 이 ν•˜λ‚˜ ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ 각기 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§ˆμ„μ„ 이루고 μžˆλŠ” μ…ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
and our guts are teaming metropolises of interacting microbes.
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우리의 λ‚΄μž₯은 μ„œλ‘œ μƒν˜Έ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 미생물듀이 λŒ€λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό 이루고 μžˆλŠ” 것과 κ°™μ•„μš”.
00:50
And in these bustling streets of our guts,
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우리 λ‚΄μž₯ μ†μ˜ 이런 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ κ±°λ¦¬λ‘œλŠ”
00:52
we see a constant influx of food,
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μŒμ‹μ΄ 계속 λ“€μ–΄μ˜€μ£ .
00:56
and every microbe has a job to do.
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λͺ¨λ“  미생물듀은 κ°μžκ°€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
Here's a cellulolytic bacteria, for example.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, μ—¬κΈ° μ„¬μœ μ†Œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:01
Their one job is to break down cellulose,
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이듀이 ν•˜λŠ” 일은 μ„¬μœ μ†Œλ₯Ό λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠,
01:04
a common compound in vegetables, into sugars.
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μ„¬μœ μ†ŒλŠ” μ•Όμ±„λ‚˜ 당에 λͺ¨λ‘ λ“€μ–΄μžˆλŠ” λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄μ—μš”.
01:08
Those simple sugars then move along to the respirators,
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그런 단당λ₯˜λ“€μ΄ 호흑기μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•˜λ©΄
01:11
another set of microbes that snatch up
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 미생물듀이 이런 단당λ₯˜λ₯Ό λ‚˜κΏ”μ±„μ„œλŠ”
01:13
these simple sugars and burn them as fuel.
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κ·Έκ±Έ μ—°μ†Œμ‹œμΌœ μ—°λ£Œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
As food travels through our digestive tract,
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μŒμ‹μ€ 우리의 μ†Œν™”κΈ°λ₯Ό 따라 μ›€μ§μ—¬μ„œ
01:19
it reaches the fermentors who extract energy from these sugars
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이런 단당λ₯˜μ—μ„œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ½‘μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” λ°œνš¨κΈ°μ— λ„λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
by converting them into chemicals,
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” 단당λ₯˜λ₯Ό μ•Œμ½œμ΄λ‚˜ μˆ˜μ†Œ κ°€μŠ€ 같은
01:25
like alcohol and hydrogen gas,
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ν™”ν•™ 물질둜 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ½‘μ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
which they spew out as waste products.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 바뀐 μ•Œμ½œμ΄λ‚˜ μˆ˜μ†Œ κ°€μŠ€λŠ” 폐기물이 λ˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
01:30
Deeper in the depths of our gut city,
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우리의 κΉŠμ€ λ‚΄μž₯ 속 λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œλŠ”
01:33
the syntrophs eke out a living off the fermenters' trash.
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μ‹ νŠΈλ‘œν”„(μ˜μ–‘λ§‰, syntrophs)κ°€ λ°œνš¨ν†΅μ˜ 폐기물과 μ„œλ‘œ κ³΅μƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
At each step of this process,
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이런 κ³Όμ •μ˜ 각 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ
01:39
energy is released,
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
and that energy is absorbed
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그리고 κ·Έ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” μ†Œν™”κΈ°κ΄€μ˜
01:42
by the cells of the digestive tract.
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세포듀이 ν‘μˆ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
This city we just saw is different in everyone.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ 막 λ³Έ λ„μ‹œλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ λ§ˆλ‹€ λͺ¨λ‘ λ‹¬λΌμš”.
01:48
Every person has a unique and diverse community of gut microbes
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ§ˆλ‹€ μŒμ‹μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ”
01:52
that can process food in different ways.
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νŠΉμ΄ν•˜κ³  λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ‚΄μž₯ 미생물 μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ§€μš”.
01:55
One person's gut microbes may be capable
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λ‚΄μž₯ 미생물은
01:57
of releasing only a fraction of the calories
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λ‚΄μž₯ 미생물듀이 뽑아낼 수 μžˆλŠ” 것에 λΉ„ν•΄
01:59
that another person's gut microbes can extract.
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μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ μ–‘μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ§Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:03
So, what determines the membership of our gut microbial community?
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그러면, μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ λ‚΄μž₯ 미생물 세계λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” ꡬ성원은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ •ν•΄μ§ˆκΉŒμš”?
02:07
Well, things like our genetic makeup
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음, 각자의 μœ μ „μž ꡬ성이라든가
02:10
and the microbes we encounter throughout our lives
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μƒμ• λ™μ•ˆ λ§Œλ‚˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 미생물듀은
02:13
can contribute to our microbial ecosystems.
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우리의 미생물 μƒνƒœκ³„μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
The food we eat also influences
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ¨ΉλŠ” μŒμ‹ λ˜ν•œ
02:19
which microbes live in our gut.
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μ–΄λ–€ 미생물이 우리의 μž₯ 속에 μ‚΄κ²Œ 될지에 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
For example, food made of complex molecules,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 사과와 같이 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λΆ„μžλ‘œ 이루어진 μŒμ‹μ€
02:24
like an apple,
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μŒμ‹λ¬Όμ€
02:25
requires a lot of different microbial workers to break it down.
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λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 미생물이 μž‘μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
But, if a food is made of simple molecules,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λ§‰λŒ€ 사탕같이 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λΆ„μžλ‘œ 된
02:30
like a lollipop,
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μŒμ‹μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”
02:31
some of these workers are put out of a job.
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이런 λΆ„μžλ“€ κ°€μš΄λ° ν•  일이 없을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
02:34
Those workers leave the city, never to return.
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그런 미생물듀은 μž₯ 속 λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό λ– λ‚˜ λ‹€μ‹œλŠ” λŒμ•„μ˜€μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
02:38
What doesn't function well are gut microbial communities
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μž₯ μ†μ—μ„œ 겨우 λͺ‡ 가지 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λ―Έμƒλ¬Όλ§Œ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” 미생물 μ‚¬νšŒλŠ”
02:40
with only a few different types of workers.
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잘 μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
For example, humans who suffer from diseases
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄, λ‹Ήλ‡¨λ‚˜ λ§Œμ„± μž₯염을
02:46
like diabetes or chronic gut inflamation
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μ•“κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
02:49
typically have less microbial variety in their guts.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μž₯ μ†μ˜ 미생물듀이 그리 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
We don't fully understand the best way
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 각 개인의 미생물 세계λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ”
02:54
to manage our individual microbial societies,
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졜고의 방법은 μ™„μ „νžˆ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
but it is likely that lifestyle changes,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 식물성 μŒμ‹μ„ μ„­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” 것과 같이
03:00
such as eating a varied diet of complex, plant-based foods,
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μƒν™œ μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ λ°”κΎΈλ©΄
03:04
can help revitalize our microbial ecosystems in our gut
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μž₯ μ†μ˜ 미생물 μƒνƒœκ³„μ™€ 우리 λͺΈμ˜ 전체 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό
03:07
and across the entire landscape of our body.
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν™œμ„±ν™” μ‹œν‚¬ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
So, we are really not alone in our body.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 우리 λͺΈμ€ μ™„μ „νžˆ 혼자인 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
03:13
Our bodies are homes to millions of different microbes,
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우리의 μ‹ μ²΄λŠ” 수백만의 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ―Έμƒλ¬Όλ“€μ˜ μ„œμ‹μ§€μ—μš”.
03:17
and we need them just as much as they need us.
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미생물이 우리λ₯Ό ν•„μš”ν•˜λŠ” 만큼 μš°λ¦¬λ„ 미생물을 ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
As we learn more about how our microbes
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미생물듀이 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ΄λ‚˜ 우리의 신체와
03:23
interact with each other and with our bodies,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒν˜Έ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 더 잘 μ•Œκ²Œλ˜λ©΄,
03:25
we will reveal how we can nurture
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 개개인의 νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό 건강,
03:27
this complex, invisible world
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그리고 행볡을 μ΄λ£¨λŠ”,
03:29
that shapes our personal identity,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  λ“€μ—¬λ‹€ 보기 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 세계λ₯Ό
03:31
our health,
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잘 λ³΄μ‚΄ν”ΌλŠ” 방법을
03:32
and our well-being.
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μ•Œκ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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