The myth of Jason and the Argonauts - Iseult Gillespie

2,087,930 views ใƒป 2019-08-27

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:06
Hercules, the strongest man alive
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ื”ืจืงื•ืœืก, ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืœื‘ ืืžื™ืฅ ื‘ื”ืชืื.
00:08
with a mighty heart to match.
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00:10
Orpheus, charmer of nature and master of music.
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ืื•ืจืคืื•ืก, ืžืงืกื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืžืืกื˜ืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”.
00:14
Castor and Pollux, the twin tricksters hatched from an egg.
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ืงืืกื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืคื•ืœื•ืงืก, ื”ืชืื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืชืขืชืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืขื• ืžื‘ื™ืฆื”.
00:18
The Boreads, sons of the North Wind
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ื”ื‘ื•ืจื™ืื“ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ื— ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืขื•ื˜ ื“ืจืš ื”ืื•ื™ืจ.
00:21
who could hurtle through the air.
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00:23
For untold times these heroes had roamed ancient Greece,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”,
00:27
creating new legends wherever they went.
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ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื”ืœื›ื•.
00:30
But none of their adventures was so great as when they joined forces
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืฉื”ื ืื™ื—ื“ื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช
00:34
for the sake of a young man named Jason.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ืืกื•ืŸ.
00:38
Years before,
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ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ืืกื•ืŸ, ืคืœื™ืืก ืœืงื— ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืชืจ ืชืกืืœื™
00:39
Jasonโ€™s uncle Pelias had ruthlessly usurped
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00:42
the throne of Thessaly from Jasonโ€™s grandfather.
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ืžืกื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืืกื•ืŸ.
00:45
When Jason returned to his fatherโ€™s stolen court,
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ื›ืฉื™ืืกื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืจ ืœื—ืฆืจื• ื”ื’ื ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื•,
00:48
the cowardly king set him a seemingly impossible task:
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ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืคื—ื“ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื ืจืืชื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™ืช:
00:52
cross the teeming seas to Colchis,
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ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืงืง ืœืงื•ืœื›ื™ืก,
00:55
and steal the golden fleece of a flying ram
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ื•ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื’ื™ื–ืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืคืฃ ืชื—ืช ืืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืื™ื™ื˜ืก.
00:58
under King Aeetesโ€™ nose.
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01:00
If Jason retrieved the Fleece,
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ืื ื™ืืกื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื–ื”,
01:03
Pelias promised to relinquish the throne.
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ืคืœื™ืืก ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชืจ.
01:06
Touched by his heroic mission,
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื”ืจื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื ื’ืขื” ื‘ืืœื™ื,
01:08
the Gods spread Jasonโ€™s call for help,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืคื™ืฆื• ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืขื–ืจื” ืœื™ืืกื•ืŸ,
01:10
and soon he had assembled a not-so-motley crew.
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื—ืœื•ืฉ.
01:14
These heroes,
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ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืœื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืžื’ื™ื“ื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื—ืฆื™-ืืœื™ื ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื,
01:15
alongside countless sailors, soothsayers, and rebel demigods,
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01:19
named themselves the Argonauts after their sturdy ship.
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ืฉืงืจืื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ืกืคื™ื ืชื ื”ื—ืกื•ื ื”.
01:23
But the path ahead was marked with untold terrorsโ€“
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืื™ืžื” ื›ื‘ื™ืจื” --
01:27
enough to test even the fiercest heroes.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื.
01:31
Their first stop was Lemnos,
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ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœืžื ื•ืก, ืื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื™.
01:33
an isle of women who had killed all the islandโ€™s men.
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01:37
As punishment,
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ื›ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืืคืจื•ื“ื™ื˜ื” ืงื™ืœืœื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ื --
01:39
Aphrodite had cursed them with a sickening stenchโ€“
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01:42
but that didnโ€™t stop Jason fathering twins with the queen.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžื ืข ืžื™ืืกื•ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืœื›ื”.
01:46
The rest of the crew also found themselves embroiled in new romances;
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ืฉืืจ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืืคื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื•ืžื ื™ื;
01:50
until Hercules chastised them for not behaving like heroes.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจืงื•ืœืก ื’ื™ืจืฉ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืžื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื.
01:55
Eventually, they sailed on to the Mount of Bears,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื ื”ืคืœื™ื’ื• ืœื”ืจ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ื™ื,
01:59
an island where a group of ancient, six-armed monsters
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ืื™ ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืฉ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช
02:02
lived alongside the peaceful Doliones.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื“ื•ืœื™ืื•ื ืก ื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื™ื.
02:06
While the clan welcomed the Argonauts with open arms,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช,
02:09
the monsters surged down from the mountains
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ื”ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช ื™ืจื“ื• ืžื”ื”ืจื™ื
02:12
and hurled rocks at the docked ship.
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ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืกืœืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื”ืขื•ื’ื ืช.
02:15
Hercules held them off single-handedly,
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ื”ืจืงื•ืœืก ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื“ื•,
02:18
before his comrades joined the fray.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืžื”ื•ืžื”.
02:20
Bolstered by their victory, the triumphant heroes sailed onwardโ€“
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ืžื—ื•ื–ืงื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื”ืคืœื™ื’ื• ื”ืœืื” --
02:25
only to be blown back to the island several stormy nights later.
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ืืš ื ื–ืจืงื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืื™ ื›ืžื” ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืกื•ืขืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
02:29
In the tempest,
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ื‘ืกืขืจื”, ื”ื“ื•ืœื™ืื•ื ืก ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื.
02:30
the Doliones thought these new arrivals invaders.
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02:34
The Argonauts were similarly unaware of their surroundings,
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ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื,
02:37
and fought blunderingly in the dark, slaying wave after wave of foe.
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ื•ื ืœื—ืžื• ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืงื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื’ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื.
02:42
But the morning light revealed a horrible truth:
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ื”ืืžืช ื”ื ื•ืจืื”:
02:45
their victims were none other than their previous hosts.
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ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื”ืžืืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ.
02:50
Yet again,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ืืกื•ืŸ ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื—,
02:51
Jason had allowed the crew to be distracted,
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02:54
this time at a terrible cost.
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ื”ืคืขื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื ื•ืจื.
02:56
Ashamed at his conduct,
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ืžื‘ื•ื™ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืจืง ื‘ื’ื™ื–ื”,
02:58
he resolved to focus only on the Fleece,
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03:01
but even this haste proved ruinous.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื›ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช.
03:04
When Herculesโ€™ squire was abducted by a water nymph,
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ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืงื•ืœืก ื ื—ื˜ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืžืคื•ืช ืžื™ื,
03:07
Jason sailed onโ€“
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ื™ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื”ืœืื” -- ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื•.
03:09
oblivious to the absence of his most powerful crewmate.
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03:13
The remaining Argonauts continued their quest,
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ืฉืืจ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœื”ื,
03:16
until stopping at the sight
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ืขื“ ืฉืขืฆืจื• ืœืžืจืื” ืื™ืฉ ื–ืงืŸ ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช.
03:18
of an old man surrounded by a swirl of harpies.
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03:22
This was Phineas, a seer cursed by Zeus
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ื ืืก, ืจื•ืื” ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืœืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืื•ืก ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ื’ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ, ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ,
03:26
to endure old age, blindness, and endless torture
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ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื—ื™ืœืง ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
03:30
for giving away his prophecies.
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03:33
Moved by his plight, the wind brothers set upon the flock,
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ืžืจื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืชื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื•, ืื—ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื™ืฆืื• ืขืœ ื”ืœื”ืงื”,
03:37
providing Phineas with a brief respite from his punishment.
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ื•ืกื™ืคืงื• ืœืคื™ื ืืก ื”ืคื•ื’ื” ืงืฆืจื” ืžื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœื•.
03:40
In return,
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ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”,
03:41
the seer told them how to overcome the terrifying trial that lay ahead:
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ืจื•ืื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื”ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื•:
03:47
the Symplegades,
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ื”ืกื™ืžืคืœื’ื“ื™ื, ื–ื•ื’ ืกืœืขื™ื ืžืชืจืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื.
03:48
a pair clashing rocks that reduced ships to splinters.
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03:53
But first,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ื”ื™ื ื•ื,
03:54
the Argonauts would have to maneuver past the mouth of hell,
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03:58
around the island of the bloodthirsty Amazons,
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆืžืื•ืช ืœื“ื, ื•ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื“ืœื™ื™ื.
04:01
and under psychedelic skies.
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04:04
These adventures cost the crew both in men and moraleโ€“
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ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืขืœื• ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืจืœ --
04:07
and some feared they might be losing their minds.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืคื—ื“ื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื“ืขืชื.
04:11
Upon reaching the clashing rocks, the exhausted crew quaked with fear.
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืกืœืขื™ื ื”ืžืชืจืกืงื™ื, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืฉ ืจืขื“ ืžืคื—ื“.
04:16
But Phineasโ€™ advice rang in their heads.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืฆื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ืืก ื”ื“ื”ื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื.
04:19
The Argonauts released a single dove
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ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื—ืจืจื• ื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช,
04:21
and sped through in its wake to emerge unscathed.
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ืžื™ื”ืจื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืœืœื ืคื’ืข.
04:26
With this narrow escape,
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ืช, ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืจืื• ืืช ืงื•ืœื›ื™ืก.
04:27
the Argonauts finally had Colchis in their sights.
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04:31
Yet while Jason rested and celebrated with his crew,
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ืืš ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ืืกื•ืŸ ื ื— ื•ื—ื’ื’ ืขื ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
04:34
he could feel his time among them was drawing to a close.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื• ืื™ืชื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœืกื™ื•ืžื•.
04:38
As the fleece gleamed in his mind,
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ื–ื” ื–ื•ื”ืจืช ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื“ื•.
04:40
he knew he would have to retrieve it alone.
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04:43
But he could not guess that this final task
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื—ืฉ
ืฉืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ื•ืจื ืžื›ื•ืœื.
04:46
would have the most horrible price of all.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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