How to turn protest into powerful change - Eric Liu

376,974 views ใƒป 2016-07-14

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:07
We live in an age of protest.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืื”.
00:09
On campuses and public squares,
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ื‘ืงืžืคื•ืกื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
00:11
on streets and social media,
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ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
00:12
protesters around the world are challenging the status quo.
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ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืงื•ื•.
00:17
Protest can thrust issues onto the national or global agenda,
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ืžื—ืื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืœืื’'ื ื“ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืื• ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
00:21
it can force out tyrants,
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื˜ื™ืจื ื™ื,
00:22
it can activate people who have long been on the sidelines of civic life.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื.
00:26
While protest is often necessary, is it sufficient?
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ืื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื”?
00:30
Consider the Arab Spring.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™.
00:33
All across the Middle East,
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ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
00:35
citizen protesters were able to topple dictators.
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ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื™ื.
00:38
Afterwards, though,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืขื ื–ืืช,
00:40
the vacuum was too often filled by the most militant and violent.
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ื”ื•ื•ืืงื•ื ืžื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื•ืืœื™ืžื™ื.
00:45
Protest can generate lasting positive change
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ืžื—ืื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื
00:48
when it's followed by an equally passionate effort
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืงื‘ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืžืืžืฅ ืจื‘ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”
00:50
to mobilize voters,
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ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื,
00:52
to cast ballots,
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,
00:53
to understand government,
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
00:55
and to make it more inclusive.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื™ืœื”.
00:58
So here are three core strategies for peacefully turning awareness into action
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืงื˜ื”
01:02
and protest into durable political power.
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ื•ืžื—ืื” ืœื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืชืžืฉืš.
01:06
First, expand the frame of the possible,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™,
01:09
second, choose a defining fight,
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžืื‘ืง ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ,
01:12
and third, find an early win.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืžืฆืื• ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
01:16
Let's start with expanding the frame of the possible.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:19
How often have you heard in response to a policy idea,
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ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืžืขืชื ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช
01:22
"That's just never going to happen"?
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"ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืงืจื”"?
01:25
When you hear someone say that,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช,
01:27
they're trying to define the boundaries of your civic imagination.
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ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™.
01:31
The powerful citizen works to push those boundaries outward,
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ื”ืื–ืจื— ื”ื—ื–ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
01:35
to ask what if -
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ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื” ืื --
01:36
what if it were possible?
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ืžื” ืื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™?
01:38
What if enough forms of power -
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ืžื” ืื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— --
01:39
people power, ideas, money, social norms -
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ื›ื•ื— ืื ืฉื™ื, ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืกืฃ, ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช --
01:43
were aligned to make it happen?
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ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?
01:46
Simply asking that question
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืฉืืœื”
01:48
and not taken as given all the givens of conventional politics
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ื•ืœื ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืงื•ื ื•ื•ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช
01:51
is the first step in converting protest to power.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืจืช ืžื—ืื” ืœื›ื•ื—.
01:56
But this requires concreteness about what it would look like to have, say,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื•ืฆืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ืจืื” ืื ืชื”ื™ื”, ื ื’ื™ื“
01:59
a radically smaller national government,
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ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช,
02:02
or, by contrast, a big single-payer healthcare system,
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ืื•, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉืœื ื™ื—ื™ื“,
02:07
a way to hold corporations accountable for their misdeeds,
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ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
02:10
or, instead, a way to free them from onerous regulations.
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ืื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื ืžืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช.
02:15
This brings us to the second strategy, choosing a defining fight.
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืื‘ืง ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ.
02:20
All politics is about contrasts.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื.
02:22
Few of us think about civic life in the abstract.
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ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืคืฉื˜.
02:25
We think about things in relief compared to something else.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืœื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
02:30
Powerful citizens set the terms of that contrast.
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ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”.
02:33
This doesn't mean being uncivil.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื.
02:35
It simply means thinking about a debate you want to have on your terms
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
02:40
over an issue that captures the essence of the change you want.
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ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœื•ื›ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
02:44
This is what the activists pushing for a $15 minimum wage in the U.S. have done.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืขืฉื• ื›ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœ 15$ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
02:49
They don't pretend that $15 by itself can fix inequality,
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืฉ ื” 15$ ืขืฆืžื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ,
02:53
but with this ambitious and contentious goal,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืฉืืคืชื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ื‘ืงืช ื”ื–ื•,
02:56
which they achieved first in Seattle and then beyond,
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ืฉื”ื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ืื˜ืœ ื•ืื– ืžืขื‘ืจ,
03:00
they have forced a bigger debate about economic justice and prosperity.
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ื”ื ื’ืจืžื• ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ืง ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’.
03:05
They've expanded the frame of the possible, strategy one,
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ื”ื ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™, ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
03:08
and created a sharp emblematic contrast, strategy two.
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ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉื ื™ื”.
03:13
The third key strategy, then, is to seek and achieve an early win.
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ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื–, ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
03:18
An early win, even if it's not as ambitious as the ultimate goal,
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ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉืืคืชื ื™ ื›ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช,
03:22
creates momentum,
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžื•ืžื ื˜ื•ื,
03:23
which changes what people think is possible.
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ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจื™.
03:26
The solidarity movement,
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ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช,
03:27
which organized workers in Cold War Poland emerged just this way,
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ืฉืืจื’ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•,
03:32
first, with local shipyard strikes in 1980 that forced concessions,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืขื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ื ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื•ื™ืชื•ืจื™ื,
03:37
then, over the next decade,
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ืื–, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื,
03:38
a nationwide effort that ultimately helped topple
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ืžืืžืฅ ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืš ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ
03:41
Poland's communist government.
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ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™.
03:44
Getting early wins sets in motion a positive feedback loop,
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ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื•ืœืืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช,
03:48
a contagion, a belief, a motivation.
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ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช, ืืžื•ื ื”, ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื”.
03:51
It requires pressuring policymakers,
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช,
03:53
using the media to change narrative,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘,
03:56
making arguments in public,
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ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
03:58
persuading skeptical neighbors one by one by one.
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ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืกืงืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™.
04:02
None of this is as sexy as a protest,
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืืœื” ื”ื•ื ืกืงืกื™ ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืื”,
04:04
but this is the history of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
04:07
of Indian Independence,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช,
04:09
of Czech self-determination.
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ืื• ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆ'ื›ื™ื.
04:12
Not the single sudden triumph,
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ืœื ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืคืชืื•ืžื™,
04:14
but the long, slow slog.
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ืืœื ื”ื–ื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ืื™ื˜ื™ืช.
04:17
You don't have to be anyone special to be part of this grind,
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ืืชื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื–ื”,
04:21
to expand the frame of the possible,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™,
04:23
to pick a defining fight,
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืื‘ืง ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ,
04:25
or to secure an early win.
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ืื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
04:27
You just have to be a participant and to live like a citizen.
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ืืชื ืจืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
04:31
The spirit of protest is powerful.
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ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื”.
04:34
So is showing up after the protest.
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ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ืื”.
04:37
You can be the co-creator of what comes next.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืœืื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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