The Real Origin of the Franchise - Sir Harold Evans

218,112 views ใƒป 2012-03-26

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
(Music)
0
0
14000
ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: eviatar edlerman
(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
00:14
Quick! What's common between
1
14000
3000
ืžื”ืจ! ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
00:17
beef burgers, baseball training
2
17000
3000
ืœื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ, ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ
00:20
and auto mufflers?
3
20000
3000
ื•ืื’ื–ื•ื–ื™ื?
00:23
Tough question. Let's ask it another way.
4
23000
3000
ืฉืืœื” ืงืฉื”. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช.
00:26
What's the common factor between McDonald's,
5
26000
3000
ืžื” ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก,
00:29
D-Bat and Meineke?
6
29000
4000
ื“ื™-ื‘ืื˜ ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืงื™?
00:33
You may know the answer if, along with a Big Mac,
7
33000
3000
ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื, ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ื™ื’ ืžืง,
00:36
you've absorbed a fragment of the romantic story of Ray Kroc.
8
36000
3000
ืงืœื˜ืชื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืจื™ื™ ืงืจื•ืง.
00:39
He's the salesman that created what became
9
39000
3000
ื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš
00:42
the world's biggest fast food chain.
10
42000
2000
ืœืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
00:44
He did it by making a deal
11
44000
2000
ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืขืกืงื”
00:46
with a couple of men called the McDonalds.
12
46000
3000
ืขื ื–ื•ื’ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก.
00:49
Brothers they were, owners of a small restaurant chain,
13
49000
3000
ืื—ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื•, ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืช ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื”,
00:52
and the deal was, he could use their brand name and their methods.
14
52000
3000
ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ื”ื™ืชื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
00:55
Then he invited small entrepreneurs
15
55000
2000
ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
00:57
to open McDonald's, that they'd run as operators,
16
57000
3000
ืœืคืชื•ื— ืกื ื™ืคื™ ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก, ืฉื”ื ื™ืคืขื™ืœื• ื›ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
01:00
with an ownership state.
17
60000
2000
ืขื ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช.
01:02
Very different than the business model where Mom and Pop stores
18
62000
3000
ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืื‘ื
01:05
have full ownership, but no similar support.
19
65000
3000
ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืœืื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืœื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื“ื•ืžื”.
01:08
All the examples
20
68000
3000
ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
01:11
in my opening question are a franchise operation.
21
71000
3000
ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
01:14
Kroc is sometimes credited
22
74000
3000
ืงืจื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœืคืขืžื™ื
01:17
with inventing franchising,
23
77000
2000
ืœื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ื–ื›ื™ื•ื ื•ืช,
01:19
and so is Isaac Singer, the sewing machine magnate.
24
79000
3000
ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืื™ื™ื–ืง ืกื™ื ื’ืจ, ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืจื”.
01:22
Not so. The real genesis of franchising
25
82000
4000
ืœื ื›ืš. ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื•ืŸ
01:26
was not in stitches or beef,
26
86000
3000
ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ืฉืจ,
01:29
it was in beauty.
27
89000
3000
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™.
01:32
Martha Matilda Harper
28
92000
2000
ืžืจืชื” ืžื˜ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืจืคืจ
01:34
was a Canadian-born maid.
29
94000
3000
ื”ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื™ืœื™ื“ืช ืงื ื“ื”.
01:37
She made the beds, cleaned house, did the shopping.
30
97000
2000
ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื ื™ืงืชื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืขืฉืชื” ืงื ื™ื•ืช.
01:39
In the employment of a doctor's family in Ontario,
31
99000
3000
ืžื•ืขืกืงืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื•ืคื ืžืื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื•,
01:42
she acquired a secret formula for shampoo,
32
102000
3000
ื”ื™ื ืจื›ืฉื” ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžืคื•,
01:45
one more scientifically based
33
105000
3000
ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืžื“ืขื™ืช
01:48
than the quackeries advertized every day in the newspapers.
34
108000
3000
ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื.
01:51
The kindly doctor also taught the maturing young woman
35
111000
3000
ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ื ื—ืžื“ ื’ื ืœื™ืžื“ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจืช
01:54
the elements of physiology.
36
114000
2000
ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
01:56
Martha had a secret ambition
37
116000
3000
ืœืžืจืชื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืื™ืคื” ืกื•ื“ื™ืช
01:59
to go along with the secret formula:
38
119000
3000
ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ืช:
02:02
a determination to run her own business.
39
122000
3000
ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื ื”ืœ ืขืกืง ืžืฉืœื”.
02:05
By 1888, serving as a maid in Rochester, New York,
40
125000
3000
ืขื“ 1888, ืฉื™ืจืชื” ื›ืžืฉืจืชืช ื‘ืจื•ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
02:08
she saved enough money --
41
128000
3000
ื”ื™ื ื—ืกื›ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ --
02:11
360 dollars -- to think of opening
42
131000
2000
360 ื“ื•ืœืจ -- ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืคืชื™ื—ื”
02:13
a public hairdressing salon.
43
133000
3000
ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
02:16
But before she could realize her dream,
44
136000
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ืœื•ืžื”,
02:19
two blows fell. She became sick,
45
139000
3000
ืฉืชื™ ืžื›ื•ืช ื ืคืœื•. ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืชื”,
02:22
and collapsed from exhaustion.
46
142000
2000
ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื” ืžืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช.
02:24
Mrs. Helen Smith, a healing practitioner
47
144000
3000
ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืœืŸ ืกืžื™ืช, ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืจื™ืคื•ื™
02:27
of the Christian Science faith, was summoned to her bedside.
48
147000
3000
ืžื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ื ืงืจืื” ืœืžื™ื˜ืชื”.
02:30
The two women prayed, and Martha recovered.
49
150000
3000
ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชืคืœืœื•, ื•ืžืจืชื” ื”ื—ืœื™ืžื”.
02:33
No sooner was she better then she was told,
50
153000
3000
ืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืœื”,
02:36
"Oh no, you can't rent the place you've eyed."
51
156000
3000
"ืื• ืœื, ืืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจืฆื™ืช."
02:39
You see, her venture was to be the first public hairdressing salon.
52
159000
4000
ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
02:43
A woman in business was shocking enough then.
53
163000
3000
ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืง ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
02:46
Only 17 percent of the workforce in 1890 was female,
54
166000
3000
ืจืง 17 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ 1890 ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื™,
02:49
but a woman carrying out hairdressing
55
169000
4000
ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ืช
02:53
and skincare in a public place?
56
173000
3000
ื•ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™?
02:56
Why, it was sure to invite a scandal.
57
176000
3000
ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื• ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœืกืงื ื“ืœ.
02:59
Martha spent some of her savings on a lawyer, and won her case.
58
179000
3000
ืžืจืชื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื—ืœืง ืžื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื–ื›ืชื”.
03:02
She proudly displayed on the door
59
182000
3000
ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืช
03:05
of her new her salon a photograph
60
185000
3000
ืฉืœ ืกืœื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื” ืชืžื•ื ื”
03:08
of the barely five-foot Martha as Rapunzel,
61
188000
3000
ืฉืœ ืžืจืชื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื›ืจืคื•ื ื–ืœ,
03:11
with hair down to her feet, but glowing with good health.
62
191000
4000
ืขื ืฉื™ืขืจ ืขื“ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ื”ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื•.
03:15
Her sickness, too, had proved a boon.
63
195000
3000
ืžื—ืœืชื” ื’ื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจื” ื›ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก.
03:18
Her ambition was now propelled
64
198000
3000
ื”ืืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืขื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
03:21
by Christian Science values.
65
201000
1000
ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™.
03:22
The Harper Method, as she came to call her services,
66
202000
3000
ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืคืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืจืื” ืœืฉืจื•ืชื™ื”,
03:25
was as much about servicing the soul
67
205000
3000
ื ื’ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืคืฉ
03:28
as it was about cutting hair.
68
208000
3000
ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื’ืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืขืจ.
03:31
In the therapeutic serenity of her salon,
69
211000
3000
ื‘ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”,
03:34
she taught that every person could glow
70
214000
3000
ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืจ
03:37
with the kind of beauty she had,
71
217000
2000
ืขื ืกื•ื’ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”,
03:39
if spiritually whole and physically obedient to what she called
72
219000
3000
ืื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืคื™ืกื™ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืจืื”
03:42
"the laws of cleanliness, nourishment,
73
222000
3000
"ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”,
03:45
exercise and breathing."
74
225000
2000
ื”ืชืขืžืœื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื”."
03:47
She was very practical about it.
75
227000
2000
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
03:49
She even designed the first reclining shampoo chair,
76
229000
4000
ื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื™ืฆื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื ื”ืจื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื—ืคื™ืคืช ืฉื™ืขืจ,
03:53
though she neglected to patent the invention.
77
233000
3000
ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ืื’ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื”.
03:56
Martha's salon was a huge success.
78
236000
3000
ื”ืกืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจืชื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื“ื™ืจื”.
03:59
Celebrities came from out of town
79
239000
3000
ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ
04:02
to experience the Harper Method.
80
242000
2000
ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืคืจ.
04:04
They enjoyed the service so much
81
244000
3000
ื”ื ื ื”ื ื• ืžื”ืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš
04:07
that they urged her to set up a salon in their cities.
82
247000
3000
ืฉื”ื ื“ื—ืงื• ื‘ื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืกืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
04:10
And this is where Martha's ethical sense
83
250000
4000
ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžืจืชื”
04:14
inspired her crowning innovation.
84
254000
3000
ื”ืฉืจื” ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื”.
04:17
Instead of commissioning agents, as other innovators had done,
85
257000
3000
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืžืœื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•,
04:20
from 1891, she installed
86
260000
3000
ืž 1891, ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื”
04:23
working-class women just like herself
87
263000
3000
ื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืขืžื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื”
04:26
in salons exactly like hers,
88
266000
2000
ื‘ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื”,
04:28
dedicated to her philosophy and her products.
89
268000
3000
ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื” ื•ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”.
04:31
But these new employees
90
271000
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:33
were not provided a salary by Martha.
91
273000
3000
ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืžืžืจืชื”.
04:36
The women in what became a satellite network of 500 salons
92
276000
3000
ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื”ืคืš ืœืจืฉืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ 500 ืžืกืคืจื•ืช
04:39
in America, and then Europe and Central America
93
279000
3000
ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื•ืื– ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืžืจื›ื– ืืžืจื™ืงื”
04:42
and Asia, actually owned the Harper's Salons.
94
282000
3000
ื•ืืกื™ื”, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืจืคืจ.
04:45
What was good enough in the nineteenth century
95
285000
3000
ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืข ืขืฉืจื”
04:48
for suffragette campaigners like Susan B. Anthony
96
288000
3000
ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืกื•ืคืจื’'ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื–ืŸ ื‘. ืื ืชื•ื ื™
04:51
and was good enough in the twentieth century
97
291000
3000
ื•ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื
04:54
for Woodrow Wilson, Calvin and Grace Coolidge, Jacqueline Kennedy,
98
294000
3000
ืœื•ื•ื“ืจื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื•ืŸ, ืงืœื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืงื•ื•ืœื™ื“ื’', ื’'ืงืœื™ืŸ ืงื ื“ื™,
04:57
Helen Hayes and Ladybird Johnson
99
297000
3000
ื”ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื– ื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื‘ื™ืจื“ ื’'ื•ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ
05:00
must be good enough for the rest of the world.
100
300000
3000
ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
05:03
Today, only the Harper Method Founder's Shop
101
303000
3000
ื›ื™ื•ื, ืจืง ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืคืจ
05:06
remains in Rochester, New York, but Martha's legacy is manifold.
102
306000
4000
ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืจื•ืฆ'ืกื˜ืจ, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืžืจืชื” ื ืคื•ืฆื”.
05:10
Her health and beauty treatments have been copied,
103
310000
3000
ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ืขืชืงื•,
05:13
and her business model is dominant.
104
313000
2000
ื•ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœื” ืจื•ื•ื—.
05:15
In fact, half of retail sales in America
105
315000
3000
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
05:18
are through Martha Harper's franchising idea.
106
318000
4000
ื”ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืจืชื” ื”ืจืคืจ.
05:22
So the next time you enjoy a McDonald's hamburger
107
322000
3000
ืื– ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจ ื‘ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ืก
05:25
or a good night's rest at a Days Inn,
108
325000
2000
ืื• ืœื™ืœ ืฉื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ,
05:27
think of Martha.
109
327000
2000
ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžืจืชื”.
05:29
Because these franchises might not be the same
110
329000
3000
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
05:32
without her inventing the model, over a century ago.
111
332000
4000
ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืžืฆื™ืื” ืžื•ื“ืœ, ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืฉื ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7