Reasons for the seasons - Rebecca Kaplan

1,245,003 views ใƒป 2013-05-23

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: eviatar edlerman
00:13
When I was a kid,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื”,
00:14
my understanding of the seasons
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ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช
00:16
was that December and January were cold
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื ื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื™ื
00:18
and covered with snow,
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ื•ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื’,
00:19
April and May were bursting with flowers,
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ืืคืจื™ืœ ื•ืžืื™ ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืื™ื ืคืจื—ื™ื,
00:21
July and August were hot and sunshiny,
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ื™ื•ืœื™ ื•ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื”ื™ื• ื—ืžื™ื ื•ืฉืžืฉื™ื™ื,
00:24
and September and October were a kaleidoscope of colorful leaves.
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ื•ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื•ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืงืœื™ื™ื“ื•ืกืงื•ืค ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื.
00:28
It was just the way the world worked,
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ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื‘ื“,
00:30
and it was magical.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืกื•ื.
00:31
If you had told me back then
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ื‘ื–ืžื ื•
00:33
that one-third of Earth's population
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ืฉืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
00:35
had never seen snow
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืืชื” ืฉืœื’
00:36
or that July 4th was most definitely not a beach day,
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ืื• ืฉื”4 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื,
00:40
I would have thought you were crazy.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืชื ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื.
00:42
But in reality, seasonal change with four distinct seasons
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืขื ืืจื‘ืข ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช
00:45
only happens in two regions on the planet.
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ืงื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:48
And, even in those two,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืœื”,
00:49
the seasons are reversed.
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ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช.
00:50
But why?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื”?
00:51
A lot of people have heard of an astronomer
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ื
00:53
called Johannes Kepler
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ืฉื ืงืจื ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืงืคืœืจ
00:54
and how he proved that planetary orbits are elliptical
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืคืœื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ืืœื™ืคื˜ื™ื
00:57
and that the sun is not at the center of the orbit.
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ื•ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
01:00
It was a big deal when he figured this out
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”
01:02
several hundred years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
01:03
His discovery solved a lot of mathematical problems
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ื”ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืคืชืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื•ืช
01:05
that astronomers were having
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื
01:07
with planetary orbit measurements.
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ืขื ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืคืœื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื.
01:09
While it's true that our orbit's not perfectly circular,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืขื’ืœ ืžื•ืฉืœื,
01:12
those pictures in our science books,
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ืฉืœื ื•,
01:14
on TV, and in the movies
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ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื
01:15
give an exaggerated impression
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ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื•ื’ื–ื
01:17
of how elongated our orbit is.
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ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืืจืš ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช.
01:19
In fact, Earth's orbit is very nearly a perfect circle.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืขื’ืœ ืžื•ืฉืœื.
01:22
However, because Earth's orbit is technically an ellipse,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ืืœื™ืคืกื”,
01:25
even though it doesn't look like one,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืื—ื“,
01:27
and the sun isn't quite exactly at the center,
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ื•ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืžืจื›ื–,
01:29
it means that our distance from the sun
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœื ื• ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ
01:31
does change through the year.
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ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื”.
01:33
Ah-ha!
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ืื” ื”ื!
01:34
So, winter happens when the Earth is further away from the sun!
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ืื–, ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ!
01:37
Well, no, not so fast.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื, ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ.
01:39
The Earth is actually closer to the sun
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ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืžืฉ
01:41
in January than we are in July
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ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™
01:43
by 5 million kilometers.
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ื‘ 5 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
01:45
January is smack-dab in the middle
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ื™ื ื•ืืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–
01:48
of the coldest season of the year
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื”
01:49
for those of us up north.
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ืœืืœื” ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ.
01:51
Still not convinced?
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื?
01:52
How about this:
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ืžื” ืขื ื–ื”:
01:53
Summer and winter occur simultaneously
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ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช
01:55
on the surface of our planet.
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ.
01:57
When it's winter in Connecticut,
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ื›ืฉื—ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ืงื˜,
01:58
it's summer in New Zealand.
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ื–ื” ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“.
02:00
So, if it's not the distance from the sun,
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ืื–, ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ,
02:01
what else could it be?
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ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
02:03
Well, we need to also need to know
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš
02:04
that the Earth doesn't sit straight up.
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ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืžืฉ ื™ืฉืจ.
02:06
It actually tilts.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”.
02:07
And that axial tilt of the Earth
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ื•ื”ื”ื˜ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
02:09
is one of the main reasons for the seasons.
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ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื ื•ืช.
02:12
The Earth spins on an axis
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ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ
02:14
that's tilted 23.5 degrees from vertical.
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ืฉืžื•ื˜ื” ื‘ 23,5 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืžื”ืื ืš.
02:17
At the same time, the Earth revolves around the sun
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
02:19
with the axis always pointing in the same direction in space.
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ืขื ื”ืฆื™ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ืคื ื” ืœืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืœ.
02:23
Together with the tilt,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ื˜ื™ื”,
02:24
the spinning and revolving causes the number
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื”ืงืคื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืกืคืจ
02:26
of hours of daylight in a region to change
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ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ
02:28
as the year goes by,
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉื ื” ื—ื•ืœืคืช,
02:29
with more hours in summer
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ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ
02:30
and fewer in winter.
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ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
02:32
So, when the sun is shining on the Earth, it warms up.
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ืื–, ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžืื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืžืžืช ืื•ืชื•.
02:35
After the sun sets, it has time to cool down.
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื•ืงืขืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืจืจ.
02:38
So, in the summer,
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ืื–, ื‘ืงื™ืฅ,
02:39
any location that's about 40 degrees north of the equator,
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ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆื 40 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืžืงื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื”,
02:42
like Hartford, Connecticut,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืืจื˜ืคื•ืจื“ ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ืงื˜,
02:44
will get 15 hours of daylight each day
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ื™ืงื‘ืœ 15 ืฉืขื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื
02:45
and 9 hours of darkness.
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ื• 9 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš.
02:47
It warms up for longer than it cools.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืจืจ.
02:50
This happens day after day,
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื,
02:52
so there is an overall warming effect.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืคืงื˜ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืžื•ื.
02:54
Remember this fact for later!
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ!
02:56
In the winter, the opposite happens.
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื”ื”ืคืš ืงื•ืจื”.
02:57
There are many more hours of cooling time
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ
03:00
than warming time,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืžื•ื,
03:01
and day after day, this results in a cooling effect.
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืืคืงื˜ ืงื™ืจื•ืจ.
03:04
The interesting thing is, as you move north,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื›ืฉื ืขื™ื ืฆืคื•ื ื”,
03:06
the number of daylight hours in summer increases.
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ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืขื•ืœื”.
03:10
So, Juneau, Alaska would get about 19 hours of daylight
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ืื–, ื’'ื•ื ื• ืืœืกืงื” ืชืงื‘ืœ 19 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื
03:13
on the same summer day that Tallahassee, Florida gets about 14.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืงื™ืฅ ืฉื‘ื• ื˜ืœื”ืกื™, ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืขืจืš 14.
03:17
In fact, in the summertime at the North Pole,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™,
03:20
the sun never sets.
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ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉื•ืงืขืช.
03:22
OK, then, it's all about daylight hours, I've got it!
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื–, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืขื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื, ื”ื‘ื ืชื!
03:26
Well, no, there's another important piece to this puzzle.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืกื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืคืื–ืœ.
03:29
If daylight hours were the only thing
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ืื ืฉืขื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™
03:30
that determined average temperature,
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ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช,
03:32
wouldn't the North Pole be the hottest place
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ื”ืื ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื
03:34
on Earth in northern summer
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ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™
03:36
because it receives 24 hours of daylight
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื
03:38
in the months surrounding the summer solstice?
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืืžืฆืข ื”ืงื™ืฅ?
03:40
But it's the North Pole.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™.
03:41
There's still icebergs in the water
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื
03:43
and snow on the ground.
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ื•ืฉืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
03:44
So, what's going on?
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ืื–, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?
03:46
The Earth is a sphere
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ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ
03:47
and so the amount of solar energy an area receives
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ืื– ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช ืฉืื–ื•ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœ
03:49
changes based on how high the sun is in the sky,
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ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื,
03:52
which, as you know, changes during the day
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ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื
03:54
between sunrise and sunset.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจื™ื—ื” ืœืฉืงื™ืขื”.
03:56
But, the maximum height also changes during the year,
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ืื‘ืœ, ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”,
03:58
with the greatest solar height during the summer months
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ืขื ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ
04:01
and highest of all at noon on the summer solstice,
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ื•ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฅ,
04:04
which is June 21st in the northern hemisphere
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ 21 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™
04:06
and December 21st in the southern hemisphere.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 21 ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™.
04:09
This is because as the Earth revolves,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘,
04:10
the northern hemisphere ends up tilted away
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ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืจื—ืง
04:13
from the sun in the winter
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ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ
04:14
and toward the sun in summer,
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ื•ืืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ,
04:16
which puts the sun more directly overhead
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ืžื” ืฉืฉื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืœ
04:18
for longer amounts of time.
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ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:20
Remember those increased summer time daylight hours?
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื?
04:23
And solar energy per square kilometer increases
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ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช ืœืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช
04:26
as the sun gets higher in the sky.
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ืขื•ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื.
04:28
So, when the sun's at an angle,
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ืื–, ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื•ื™ืช,
04:30
the amount of energy delivered
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืžืกื•ืคืงืช
04:31
to each square of the sunlit area is less.
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ืœื›ืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:34
Therefore, even though the North Pole is getting 24 hours
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ืžืงื‘ืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช
04:37
of daylight to warm up,
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืžื,
04:39
the sunlight it receives is very spread out
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ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืคื•ื–ืจ
04:41
and delivers less energy than a place further south,
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ื•ืžืกืคืง ืคื—ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื,
04:44
where the sun is higher in the sky
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ืฉื ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื
04:46
because it's more tilted toward the sun.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
04:48
Besides, the North Pole has a lot to make up for.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื.
04:51
It was cooling down without any sunlight at all
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืจืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœืœ
04:53
for 6 months straight.
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ืœ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื.
04:54
So, as the seasons change, wherever you are,
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ืื–, ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืœืคื•ืช, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื•,
04:57
you can now appreciate not just the beauty of each new season
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
05:00
but the astronomical complexity
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ืืœื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช
05:02
that brings them to you.
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืืœื™ื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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