First person vs. Second person vs. Third person - Rebekah Bergman

1,167,560 views ใƒป 2020-06-25

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืžื™ื›ืœ ืกืœืžืŸ ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:14
โ€œI am an invisible man.โ€
0
14026
2470
"ืื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”".
00:16
โ€œMrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself.โ€
1
16496
4232
"ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ืืœื•ื•ื™ ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืงื ื” ืืช ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื”".
00:20
โ€œYou are about to begin reading Italo Calvino's new novel.โ€
2
20728
4049
"ืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื• ืงืืœื•ื•ื™ื ื•".
00:26
These three opening lines, from Ralph Ellisonโ€™s "Invisible Man,"
3
26370
4372
ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืžืชื•ืš "ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”" ืฉืœ ืจืืœืฃ ืืœื™ืกื•ืŸ,
00:30
Virginia Woolfโ€™s "Mrs. Dalloway,"
4
30742
2020
"ื’ื‘ืจืช ื“ืืœื•ื•ื™" ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื•ืœืฃ,
00:32
and Italo Calvinoโ€™s "If on a winterโ€™s night a traveler,"
5
32762
3800
ื•"ืื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืจืคื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ-ืื•ืจื—" ืฉืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื• ืงืืœื•ื•ื™ื ื•,
00:36
each establish a different point of view.
6
36562
3120
ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืžื‘ืกืกืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื ื”.
00:39
Who is telling a story, and from what perspective,
7
39682
3210
ืžื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืžืื™ื–ื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜,
00:42
are some of the most important choices an author makes.
8
42892
3520
ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ.
00:46
Told from a different point of view, a story can transform completely.
9
46412
4132
ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืื—ืจืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
00:52
Take this fairytale:
10
52504
1856
ืงื—ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•:
00:54
"Rapunzel, Rapunzel," the Prince called, "let down your hair."
11
54360
5460
"ืจืคื•ื ื–ืœ, ืจืคื•ื ื–ืœ,"ื”ื ืกื™ืš ืงืจื, "ืฉืœืฉืœื™ ืืช ืฉื™ืขืจืš".
00:59
Rapunzel unbraided her hair and slung it out the window.
12
59820
3530
ืจืคื•ื ื–ืœ ืฉื—ืจืจื” ืืช ืฉื™ืขืจื” ื•ืฉืœืฉืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
01:03
The prince climbed her tresses into the tower.
13
63350
3070
ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื˜ื™ืคืก ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืชืœืชืœื™ื” ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ.
01:06
Rapunzel is typically told like this, with the narrator outside the story.
14
66420
4644
ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจืคื•ื ื–ืœ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื›ืš ืœืจื•ื‘, ื›ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจ ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขืœื™ืœื”.
01:11
This point of view is called third person.
15
71064
3100
ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื–ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
01:14
But Rapunzel can also be told by a character in the storyโ€”
16
74164
3880
ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจืคื•ื ื–ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ -
01:18
a first person narrator.
17
78044
1810
ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
01:19
The tail end of Rapunzelโ€™s locks plopped down at my feet.
18
79854
3430
ืงืฆื•ืช ืฆืžื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจืคื•ื ื–ืœ ื ืฉืžื˜ื• ืœืจื’ืœื™ื™.
01:23
I grabbed on and began to climbโ€ฆ ugh!
19
83284
3330
ื—ื˜ืคืชื™ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื˜ืคืกโ€ฆืื™ื›ืก!
01:26
I couldnโ€™t untangle myself.
20
86614
2080
ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™.
01:28
Strands came off all over me, sticking to my sweat.
21
88694
3710
ืงื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืจ ื ืฉืจื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™, ื ื“ื‘ืงื• ืœื–ื™ืขื” ืฉืœื™.
01:32
In a first person narrative, the story can change dramatically
22
92404
4056
ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™
01:36
depending on which character is the narrator.
23
96460
4176
ืชืœื•ื™ ืื™ื–ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืจ.
01:40
Say Rapunzel was narrating instead of the prince:
24
100636
3730
ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืจืคื•ื ื–ืœ ืžืกืคืจืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ืกื™ืš:
01:44
I hope he appreciates how long it takes to unbraid 25 feet of hair, I thought.
25
104366
6889
ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืœืฉื—ืจืจ 8 ืžื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขืจ, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™.
01:51
OUCH! I'll be honest; I thought my scalp would stretch off of my skull.
26
111255
4957
ืืื•ืฅ! ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื”: ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื”ืงืจืงืคืช ืฉืœื™ ืชืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ื’ื•ืœื’ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื™.
01:56
"Can you climb any faster?" I yelled.
27
116212
4000
"ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืคืก ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ?" ืฆืขืงืชื™.
02:00
In second person, the narrator addresses the story to the reader:
28
120212
4589
ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืคื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื:
02:04
He calls your name. He wants you to let your hair down.
29
124801
5091
ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืฉืžืš. ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฉื—ืจืจื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœืš.
02:09
You just finished braiding it, but heyโ€“ you don't get a lot of visitors.
30
129892
4458
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืกื™ื™ืžืช ืœืงืœื•ืข ืฆืžื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™! ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืจื—ื™ื.
02:14
Third person, first person, and second person perspectives
31
134350
3880
ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™
02:18
each have unique possibilities and constraints.
32
138230
3510
ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื.
02:21
So how do you choose a point of view for your story?
33
141740
4000
ืื– ืื™ืš ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื?
02:25
Constraints arenโ€™t necessarily a bad thingโ€”
34
145740
2660
ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข,
02:28
they can help focus a story or highlight certain elements.
35
148400
4546
ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื• ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
02:32
For example,
36
152946
1160
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
02:34
a third person narrator is necessarily a bit removed from the characters.
37
154106
4918
ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžืขื˜ ืžืจื•ื—ืง ืžื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
02:39
But that can be good for stories where a feeling of distance is important.
38
159024
4132
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืง.
02:43
A third person narrator can be either limited,
39
163156
3480
ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ,
02:46
meaning they stick close to one characterโ€™s thoughts and feelings,
40
166636
3880
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช,
02:50
or they can be omniscient, able to flit between charactersโ€™ minds
41
170516
3930
ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื›ื•ืœ, ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืจื—ืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช
02:54
and give the reader more information.
42
174446
2849
ื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืงื•ืจื ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ.
02:57
A first person story creates closeness between the reader and the narrator.
43
177295
4875
ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืงืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืคืจ.
03:02
Itโ€™s also restricted by the narratorโ€™s knowledge.
44
182170
3310
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ.
03:05
This can create suspense
45
185480
1530
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืชื—
03:07
as the reader finds out information along with the character.
46
187010
3910
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ืžื•ืช.
03:10
A first person narrator doesnโ€™t necessarily
47
190920
2260
ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—
03:13
have to represent the characterโ€™s experience faithfullyโ€”
48
193180
3160
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืืžืŸ,
03:16
they can be delusional or dishonest.
49
196340
3020
ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ื“ืขืช ืื• ืœื ื”ื’ื•ื ื™ื.
03:19
In Kazuo Ishiguroโ€™s novel "The Remains of the Day,"
50
199360
3384
ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืื–ื•ืื• ืื™ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื• "ืฉืืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ื"
03:22
Stevens, an aging British butler in 1956, recounts his many years of service,
51
202744
6548
ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืก, ืžืฉืจืช ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžื–ื“ืงืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1956, ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช,
03:29
but fails to acknowledge the flaws of the man he serves.
52
209292
4000
ืืš ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื’ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืจืช.
03:33
The cracks in his narrative eventually draw the readerโ€™s attention
53
213292
3750
ื”ืกื“ืงื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื
03:37
to the under-acknowledged failings of the culture and class system
54
217042
3983
ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืžื“
03:41
he inhabits.
55
221025
1600
ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช.
03:42
Justin Torresโ€™s novel, "We the Animals,"
56
222625
2970
ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’'ืกื˜ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจืก, "ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช",
03:45
begins with a plural first person narrator:
57
225595
3300
ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื:
03:48
โ€œWe were six snatching hands, six stomping feet;
58
228895
3810
"ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืฉ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ื˜ืคื•ืช, ืฉืฉ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืจื•ืงืขื•ืช;
03:52
we were brothers, boys, three little kings locked in a feud for more.โ€
59
232705
5837
ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื—ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืœื›ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืœืขื•ื“".
03:58
Partway through the story, the point of view shifts
60
238542
3045
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืฉืชื ื”
04:01
to first person singular, from we to I, as the boys come of age
61
241587
4990
ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืžืื ื—ื ื• ืœืื ื™, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื
04:06
and one brother feels alienated from the others.
62
246577
4100
ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื—ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื—ืง ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:10
Second person is a less common choice.
63
250677
3020
ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”.
04:13
It requires the writer to make the reader suspend disbelief to become another โ€œyou.โ€
64
253697
4814
ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉื”ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื ืœื“ืžื•ืช "ืืชื”" ื ื•ืกืคืช.
04:18
Placing the reader in a characterโ€™s perspective
65
258511
2690
ื”ืฆื‘ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืช
04:21
can build urgency and suspense.
66
261201
2420
ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืžืชื—.
04:23
Sometimes, though,
67
263621
1170
ืื ื›ื™ ืœืคืขืžื™ื,
04:24
second person is intended to distance the narrator from their own story,
68
264791
4146
ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ืขืฆืžื•,
04:28
rather than bring the reader closer to the story.
69
268937
2740
ื•ืœื ืœืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจื ืืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
04:31
In these cases,
70
271677
1130
ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื”,
04:32
second person narrators refer to themselves as โ€œyouโ€ rather than โ€œI.โ€
71
272807
5074
ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื›"ืืชื”" ื•ืœื "ืื ื™".
04:37
Writers are constantly experimenting with fresh variations on point of view.
72
277881
5201
ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืžืชื ืกื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜.
04:43
New virtual and augmented reality technologies
73
283082
3068
ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื•ืจื‘ื•ื“ื”
04:46
may expand the possibilities for this experimentation.
74
286150
3580
ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
04:49
By placing people at a particular vantage point in virtual space,
75
289730
4000
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™,
04:53
how might we change the way we tell and experience stories?
76
293730
3860
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื?
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7