Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew

Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar

Translator: Deera Army Pramana Reviewer: Elda Indria Sari

Coral reefs are some of the most spectacular ecosystems

Terumbu karang adalah salah satu ekosistem yang mencolok di planet ini,

on the planet.

tetapi sekaligus yang paling rentan.

They're also some of the most vulnerable.

Bagaimana cara melindungi terumbu

But how can we protect the reefs

and the animals and plants who rely on them?

serta hewan dan tumbuhan yang terkait?

And how can we make sure

Bagaimana kita memastikan

perlindungan itu tidak merugikan pihak yang hidup dari terumbu karang ini?

our protected areas aren't hurting those who use reefs to survive?

Pertanyaan besar inilah yang kini dihadapi oleh ahli konservasi laut.

These are some of the big questions

facing marine conservation biologists today.

Kita ambil contoh Fiji.

Let's take Fiji, for example.

Fiji is series of islands in the South Pacific Ocean.

Fiji adalah kepulauan di Samudra Pasifik Selatan.

To help balance the need for conservation and making a living,

Untuk menyeimbangkan kebutuhan konservasi dan perekonomian,

scientists had suggested that instead of one big park

ilmuwan menyarankan alih-alih membuat satu taman laut besar

which provides a lot of coverage for one reef system

yang melindungi hanya satu sistem terumbu secara ketat

while leaving the rest unprotected,

sementara sisanya tak terlindungi,

a better way is to create a system of protected areas

lebih baik membuat suatu sistem area perlindungan

nested together like pearls on a string.

yang terangkai seperti kalung mutiara.

This idea is called connectivity.

Ide ini disebut konektivitas.

In this way, scientists can protect lots of different habitats

Dengan cara ini, ilmuwan dapat melindungi berbagai jenis habitat

while not excluding people from their traditional fishing grounds.

tanpa mengusir masyarakat dari tempatnya mencari ikan.

Now, the only way this string-of-pearls kind of reserve network is going to work

Satu-satunya cara agar jaringan perlindungan ini berhasil

is if each park is connected to other parks.

adalah menghubungkan setiap taman laut.

There are two main benefits to this.

Ada dua keuntungan hal ini.

First of all, insurance.

Pertama, sebagai jaminan.

If something bad happens to one park,

Jika hal buruk terjadi di salah satunya,

say, an oil spill or coral bleaching,

minyak tumpah atau pemutihan karang,

then because that park is part of a system,

karena ia adalah bagian dari sebuah sistem,

it can be reseeded from other parks that escaped the event.

taman lain yang selamat dari peristiwa itu dapat memulihkannya.

The second benefit is representation.

Keuntungan kedua adalah keterwakilan.

By conserving many different areas,

Dengan melindungi banyak tempat,

scientists ensure that lots of different habitats get protected.

ilmuwan memastikan beragam jenis habitat dapat terlindungi.

This way, they can make sure all the different marine habitats in Fiji,

Mereka dapat memastikan berbagai habitat laut di Fiji,

such as coral reefs, mangroves, and sea-grass beds,

seperti terumbu karang, mangrove, dan hamparan lamun,

dapat terwakili semua.

are all represented.

This way, we don't unduly settle any particular village or group of people

Kita tidak membuat satu desa atau kelompok masyarakat tertentu

with the economic burden of having their fishing grounds off-limits.

terbebani secara ekonomi karena lahan pencarian ikannya dibatasi.

By sharing the cost around the communities,

Dengan membagi dampaknya ke komunitas sekitar,

they can also share the benefits.

mereka juga dapat berbagi manfaatnya.

Jika kita sepakat menolak satu taman laut besar

So if we agree that rather than one big park,

dan memilih banyak taman laut

we should have lots of parks

of different sizes and covering different habitats,

dalam beragam ukuran dan beragam habitat,

maka ilmuwan harus memastikan taman-taman kecil itu terhubung.

then scientists need to make sure those smaller parks are connected,

Karena jika tidak, terumbu tidak bisa menjamin keberlangsungannya.

because if they're not, they probably won't be self-sustaining.

But how do we know that?

Bagaimana kita bisa tahu?

That's where genetics and DNA come in.

Di sinilah peran genetika dan DNA.

By looking at how closely related

Dengan mengamati kekerabatan ikan

the fish in each one of these small reserves in Fiji

di setiap taman laut kecil di Fiji,

are to each other,

scientists can figure out

ilmuwan dapat memperkirakan

how much migration is going on among the reserves within the system.

tingkat migrasi di antara taman laut di dalam sistem ini.

Sangat penting untuk mengamati beragam spesies

Now it's important to look at a variety of different species

because there's no guarantee that what's going on with these guys

karena belum tentu yang terjadi pada spesies ini

terjadi juga di spesies yang ini.

is what's going on with these guys.

Namun, jika kita mengamati sejumlah spesies,

But if we look closely and at enough species,

we can see whether or not the necklace is working.

kita bisa menilai kinerja sistem kalung ini.

Sejauh ini, ilmuwan telah menemukan bahwa secara umum

What scientists have found so far is that, in general,

there's a fair amount of connectivity amongst the parks within Fiji.

terdapat cukup banyak konektivitas di antara taman laut di Fiji,

walaupun tidak berlaku untuk semua.

But it's not just a big free-for-all;

rather, it seems that, for some species,

Tampaknya, pada sebagian spesies,

babies born in the far west are having a hard time

anakan yang lahir di ujung barat

kesulitan mencapai kepulauan di ujung timur.

making it to the islands in the far east.

To help deal with that, conservation biologists are suggesting

Untuk mengatasinya, ahli konservasi mengajukan

that there be enough parks in both the east and the west

jumlah taman laut di timur dan barat agar cukup

untuk menjaga stabilitas populasi.

to keep the populations healthy.

This isn't just in Fiji, either.

Ini tidak hanya berlaku di Fiji.

Lessons about reserve connectivity can help across the world.

Pelajaran dari konektivitas ini dapat membantu seluruh dunia.

In places like Indonesia, Papua New Guinea

Di Indonesia, Papua Nugini,

dan Kepulauan Bahama,

and the Bahamas,

scientists are using a variety of tools to help understand

ilmuwan menggunakan beragam alat untuk memahami cara

how individual parks can function together,

agar setiap taman laut bisa berfungsi bersama,

so that their sum is greater than their whole.

sehingga secara total manfaatnya lebih besar.

And this way, we can keep the beautiful necklace

Demikianlah, kita bisa menjaga kalung indah ini,

terumbu karang kita, agar tetap utuh.

that is our coral reefs, intact.