3 ways businesses can fight sex trafficking | Nikki Clifton

Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: NAN-KUN WU

幾年前，

A few years ago,

I got a call from the highest ranking legal official in the state of Georgia:

我接到一通電話，是喬治亞州 官階最高的司法官員打來的：

the attorney general.

也就是總檢察長。

That moment was a wake-up call.

那個時刻，是喚醒我的時刻。

It was 2013, and the city of Atlanta

當時是 2013 年，亞特蘭大市

was hosting the Final Four basketball tournament.

在主辦最後四強的籃球巡迴賽。

The AG called to ask

總檢察長打給我是要問

if the company that I worked for could help sponsor billboards

我服務的公司是否能夠 協助贊助廣告牌，

that would be put up around the city

會放在城市各處，

as part of an anti-human trafficking campaign.

這是反人口性販運活動的一部分。

He said this was important because sex trafficking spikes

他說這很重要， 因為性販運的高峰期

with big sporting events and with conventions.

是運動活動以及大會舉辦的時候。

And the billboards would help to raise awareness.

而廣告牌可以協助 讓大家更意識到這件事。

Now, if I'm being honest with you,

如果要我老實說，

my first inclination was to politely decline.

我一開始是傾向要 很有禮貌地婉拒。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Let's face it --

咱們要面對現實——

there are thousands of things that corporate America could get involved in.

美國大企業可以 涉入的事物就有幾千種，

Sex trafficking seemed a little messy.

性販運似乎有一點太亂了。

Little bit too difficult,

有點太困難，

something that is better left for someone else.

最好還是留給別人做。

But then I started to understand and learn how big the problem really is.

但我接著便開始了解

這個問題實際上有多嚴重。

And that it's rampant in my company's home town.

且這問題在我公司的家鄉十分猖獗。

I lived and worked in Atlanta for years.

我在亞特蘭大 居住和工作了很多年。

I practice law here.

我在這裡執行法律業務。

And yet, I had no idea that the birthplace of my children

但我卻完全不知道我孩子的出生地

is among the most prevalent cities for sex trafficking in the US.

是美國性販運最流行的城市之一。

At last report, Atlanta's illegal sex trade

根據最新的報告， 亞特蘭大的非法性交易

has generated up to 290 million dollars a year.

每年能賺高達 2 億 9 千萬美元。

That's more money that the city's illegal gun and drug trade combined.

這數字比亞特蘭大的非法槍枝 與毒品交易加起來還要高。

So we stepped up and we helped with the billboards.

所以我們決定站出來 協助廣告牌一事。

But I couldn't help feeling like it wasn't enough.

但我還是一直覺得這樣做並不夠。

The parent in me, the mother in me needed to do more.

我體內的那個家長， 那個母親，必須要做更多。

I started talking to people about this

我開始和別人談這件事，

and inevitably, I was surprised,

無可避免地，我感到很驚訝，

because the conversation would turn from curiosity:

因為我們的對談會從好奇心：

"Really? This happens here?"

「真的？這裡有這種事？」

to empathy: "Wow, we've got to do something about that."

轉為同理心：「哇，我們 得要為此盡一份心力。」

To blame: "You're not telling me that every prostitute is a victim, are you?

再轉為責怪：「你不是在告訴我 每個妓女都是受害者吧？

I mean, don't they know what they're getting into?"

我的意思是，她們難道 不知道自己在做什麼嗎？」

I get it, I understand why people are confused.

我懂，我能了解 為什麼大家會感到困惑。

So, to be clear, the people that I'm talking about

所以，先說清楚，我在談論的那些人

do not choose this life.

並不是自己選擇這樣的生活。

They're forced, defrauded or coerced.

她們是被強迫的、 被騙去的，或被威脅的。

That's actually the legal definition

其實這就是在聯邦法律中

for human trafficking under federal law, for adults.

對於成人人口販運的法律定義。

Now, when it comes to kids,

至於孩子，

any minor under 18 that's transported,

如果任何 18 歲以下的人

被運送、促使或利用而去做性交易，

facilitated or used for commercial sex,

is automatically a victim.

這個人就自動歸為受害者。

Regardless of whether force, fraud or coercion is used.

不論是否有強迫、詐欺或威脅。

This crime knows no age, gender or socioeconomic barrier.

這種犯罪才不分年齡、

性別，或社會經濟障礙。

I'm talking about the 16-year-old girl that I met in Washington, DC.

我在說的是一位 16 歲的女孩， 我在華盛頓遇見她。

She had been trafficked from the time she was 14 until she was 16.

她從 14 到 16 歲的 這段時間，一直被販運。

She was a victim of the foster care system.

她是寄養照顧體制下的受害者。

And she told me she'd been sold up to five times a day.

她告訴我，她曾有一天 被賣出去五次的記錄。

She didn't even know the term "human trafficking;"

她甚至不知道 「人口販運」這個詞，

she thought that it was just a part of her life as a foster care kid.

她以為身為寄養孩子， 這本來就是生活的一部分。

Sex trafficking also shows up in affluent areas and gated communities.

性販運也會出現在 富裕的地區和封閉社區內。

And men lure young girls into sex trafficking situations

男人會引誘年輕女孩去做性販運，

with promises of modeling contracts, cell phones.

向她們保證能得到 當模特兒的合約、手機。

Sometimes they're just kidnapped right off the street.

有時，她們就直接在街上被綁走。

In the US, an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 girls and boys

在美國，

估計每年有 20 到 30 萬名女孩與男孩

are anticipated to be used for commercial sex trafficking every year.

可能會被用來做商業性販運。

You heard that right -- girls and boys.

你們沒聽錯——女孩與男孩。

Worldwide, the International Labor Organization

國際勞工組織估計，

在全世界，每年有 高達一百萬名兒童

estimates that up to one million children a year

are vulnerable for sex trafficking.

很容易受到性販運的傷害。

Those numbers are huge.

這數字相當可觀。

And so while the billboards are great for raising awareness generally,

所以，雖然廣告牌對於 提升意識一般來說是很有用的，

they're just not enough to put an end to this problem.

但它們並不足以終止這個問題。

I believe that if we're going to be serious about sex trafficking,

我相信，如果我們 要認真看待性販運，

we can't legislate or arrest our way out of modern-day slavery.

我們不能靠立法或逮捕 來脫離現代奴隸制度。

If we really want to end sex trafficking in the US,

如果我們真的想要 終止美國的性販運，

we have to systematically educate and target demand.

我們得要系統性地做教育 並把目標放在需求上。

And I think the business community is in the perfect position

我認為，如果要這麼做，

企業界就處在非常適合的位置上。

to do just that.

So, sex trafficking is big business.

性販運是很大的生意。

And I'm proposing a business plan that starts with the customer.

而我要提出一項商業計畫， 這項計畫始於客戶。

And in the sex trade, the customer is referred to as a John.

在性交易中， 客戶被稱為「約翰」。

He is the man that fuels the demand for sex trafficking.

就是他在助長性販運的需求。

Johns do not fit into neat stereotypes.

並沒有很清楚的刻板印象 可以代表約翰。

But there is one universal truth:

但有一項全球共通的事實：

no John, no buyer, no victim.

若沒有約翰，就沒有買家， 就不會有受害者。

So if we want to start to put a dent in sex trafficking,

所以，如果我們想要 開始減少性販運，

we have to get to John.

我們得要對約翰下手。

And businesses can do that while he's at work.

當約翰在工作時， 企業就可以這麼做。

There's an organization called Businesses Ending Slavery and Trafficking,

有一個組織叫做 「企業終止奴役和販運」，

or BEST for short.

縮寫為 BEST。

And when they launched in 2012,

2012 年上路時，

they did a study of Seattle-based Johns.

他們做了一項研究， 對象是西雅圖的約翰。

And you know what they found out?

你們知道他們發現什麼嗎？

Johns are everyday guys, employed at local businesses.

約翰是我們每天會遇到的 那種平凡男性，受僱於當地企業。

They range in age from 18 to 84.

從 18 歲到 84 歲都有。

Johns are dads.

有些約翰是人父。

Johns have admitted that they buy sex when they are traveling for business,

約翰承認，他們可能買春的時間 包括因公出差時，

when they're going to sporting events

去參加運動活動時，

or when they're in the military.

或是在軍中時。

But here's the kicker.

但，精采的在後頭。

BEST study determined that web-based sex buying

BEST 的研究發現，在網路上買春

spikes at 2pm in the afternoon.

最熱門的時段是下午兩點。

Which means that these Johns are likely buying sex in the middle of the workday.

也就是說，這些約翰很有可能 是在平日工作時段去買春的。

I believe that there is a way to stop Johns in the middle of the workday

我相信有方法可以阻止約翰

在平日工作時段去買春。

from buying sex.

And businesses can do it in three simple ways.

有三種方法，可以讓企業 輕鬆做到這一點。

The first is with a policy.

第一種是政策。

A policy that clearly says,

建立一項政策，清楚地陳述

the company prohibits sex-buying during work,

公司禁止在工作時段用公司資源

with company resources or on company time.

或用在公司工作的時間來買春。

That's right.

沒錯。

I'm saying that your handbook has to specifically give an example

我的意思就是，你的手冊上 必須要明確舉例，

that says no sex-buying while you're traveling,

規定不可以在出差的時間買春，

at the international trade show, because that's where it's happening.

不可以在國際商展上買春， 因為買春發生的地方就是那裡。

Now, a policy is only as good as its enforcement and its communication.

政策要有用， 需要能執行且要能溝通。

Several studies have indicated from Johns

許多研究都指出， 依據約翰的說法，

that the best way to deter them is public humiliation and embarrassment.

嚇阻他們最好的方式

就是公開羞辱以及讓他們難堪。

So, businesses who catch Johns buying sex,

所以，企業如果逮到約翰

用公司裡的設備或公司資源來買春，

using company-based equipment or company resources,

but cut them a break or sweep it under the rug

卻放他們一馬或是把事情埋掉，

and don't fire them,

且沒有開除他們，

are complicit in fueling demand.

那就算是助長買春需求的同謀。

Now, a policy is one of the best ways to start.

制訂政策是開始執行 最好的方式之一。

The second way is educating the workforce.

第二種方法是去教育員工。

Businesses can go a long way in simply training their workforce

企業單單是要訓練 其員工，讓他們了解

about the signs and the red flags of human trafficking.

人口販運的徵兆及警訊就很費時了。

This was my "aha!" moment for how our company could make a big difference.

就在這時刻，我靈光一現，想出 我們公司如何能造成很大的不同。

Our nation's highways, airports and truck stops

我們國家的高速公路、 機場，以及貨車站

are literally used as modern-day slave routes.

都是被用來做現代奴隸路線。

Our company has more than 100,000 drivers

我們的公司在全國，在全世界，

all over the country, all over the world.

有超過十萬名司機。

And so it made perfect sense to train them to see the red flags.

所以，訓練他們 發現警訊是很合理的。

We don't want them jumping out there and doing things on their own,

我們不希望他們自己 跳出去採取行動，

so we want them to call a phone number, the hotline,

我們希望他們能撥打熱線電話，

and let law enforcement intervene.

讓執法人員來介入。

So to do this, we teamed up

為了做到這一點，

with an organization called Truckers Against Trafficking.

我們和一個叫做「卡車司機反 人口販運」的組織合作。

This Colorado-based organization had web-based support and materials

這個組織位在科羅拉多， 有網路支援和工具，

that we gave to our truck drivers

可以提供給我們的卡車司機，

that gave them exactly what they needed to spot the red flags.

這正是他們需要的， 可以幫他們發現警訊。

Like, hearing CB chatter on their radios about girls at nearby exits.

比如，聽到有人透過民用波段 不斷在無線電上講著附近的女孩。

Or, seeing underaged women emerging from vehicles

或是，在貨車站的停車場看到

未成年女性從車子裡出來。

in the truck stop parking lots.

When we rolled out this training,

當我們推出這項訓練時，

a few brave drivers admitted they had seen these women,

有幾位勇敢的司機承認 他們曾經看過這類女性，

knocking on the cabs in the truck stops, looking for customers.

在貨車站去敲計程車車窗，

想要拉客。

Now, they said that they weren't buying.

他們說他們沒有買春。

But they also didn't know enough to make a call.

但他們知道的不夠， 無法打電話呈報。

And that's what we want them to do.

而那就是我們希望他們做的事。

TAT's organization -- Truckers Against Trafficking --

TAT 的組織—— TAT 就是 卡車司機反人口販運——

also emphasizes the need for men to talk to other men

也強調有必要讓男人 來跟其他男人談，

about web-based sex buying and not buying commercial sex.

談在網路上買春以及不要做性交易。

They feature men in uniform, proudly proclaiming why they don't buy.

他們主打的是穿制服的男人， 很驕傲地聲明他們為什麼不買春。

If we're going to see a cultural shift in this atrocity,

如果我們希望能見到 這暴行有文化上的改變，

we need men talking to other men

我們就需要讓男人來和男人談，

about the underlying issues fueling demand.

談助長需求的背後會有什麼議題。

Because sometimes, Johns don't even know

因為，有時約翰甚至不知道

that they're purchasing girls who are enslaved.

他們買的女孩是被奴役的。

Which brings me to my final way that businesses can help.

這就要帶到企業可以 幫上忙的最後一種方法了。

Every business has a special resource

每間企業都有特殊的資源

or a secret sauce or resource that they can bring

或是秘密醬料或資源，

是他們可以拿來對抗人口販運的。

to fight human trafficking.

For example, Visa, Master Card and American Express

比如，VISA 卡、萬事達卡， 和美國運通卡

refuse to process transactions from backpage.com,

都拒絕處理來自 backpage.com 的交易，

an online sex site that sold commercial sex

那是一個性網站，販售商業性交，

to the tune of nine million dollars a month.

一個月可以做到大約九百萬美元。

In April of 2018, backpage.com and affiliated websites were shut down,

2018 年四月，backpage.com 與附屬的網站都關閉了，

and the FBI seized all their assets.

聯邦調查局依法扣押了 他們的所有資產。

Hiring survivors is another way that any company can help.

還有一種方法可以幫忙，任何公司 都能做到，就是僱用倖存者。

Randstad, an organization that works with companies

任仕達這個組織會和公司合作

to find survivors who need good jobs,

來找到需要好工作的倖存者，

has an excellent program, called Hire Hope.

該組織有個很棒的方案， 叫做「僱用希望」。

We've used this program; we know that it works.

我們一直在用這個方案， 我們知道它是行得通的。

In addition to training their flight attendants

除了訓練他們的空服員

and their airline crew,

及航空機組員之外，

Delta Air Lines also offers SkyMiles, through a program called SkyWish,

達美航空也透過一個叫「天空 願望」的方案，提供「天空哩程」

to survivors to help them escape their traffickers

給倖存者，來協助他們 逃離販運他們的人，

and reunite with their families.

並和家人團聚。

There are thousands of things that businesses can do.

企業能做的事數以千計。

They just have to decide what to do to join the fight.

它們只需要決定要做什麼 來加入這場戰爭。

No one can justify slavery today.

現今沒有人能把奴役制給正當化。

But I believe it remains one of the greatest civil rights atrocities

但我相信它仍然是

我們這個時代最大的公民權殘暴行為。

of our time.

Fortunately, the business community is uniquely positioned

幸運的是，企業界有很獨特的位置，

to help train their employees,

可以協助訓練其員工、

to enforce policies

執行政策，

and to help use their special resources

以及協助使用其特殊資源

to fight human trafficking.

來對抗人口販運。

And what about you?

你們呢？

What if you decided to learn the red flags?

如果你決定要去了解警訊，會如何？

What if you decided to look at the signs that are all around you

如果你決定要去看你身邊的徵兆

and make a call?

並撥打電話，會如何？

There is no penalty for calling law enforcement

如果你看到什麼不太對勁的事，

when you see something that doesn't sit right.

打電話給執法單位並不會受到處罰。

Together, we can all protect our children,

我們可以同心協力保護我們的孩子，

we can educate the workforces around us

我們可以教育我們周圍的勞工，

and improve society,

並改善社會，

where we all live and work with John.

我們所有人和約翰都一同 在這個社會生活、工作。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）