Beth Noveck: Demand a more open-source government

28,578 views ・ 2012-09-27

TED


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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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譯者: Cheno Chen 審譯者: Barry Hu
00:16
So when the White House was built
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當白宮在19世紀初建成時
00:17
in the early 19th century, it was an open house.
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它原本是個開放的建築
00:20
Neighbors came and went. Under President Adams,
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鄰居來來去去。當時總統是約翰亞當斯
00:24
a local dentist happened by.
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一個當地的牙醫來辦訪
00:25
He wanted to shake the President's hand.
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他想要和總統握手
00:27
The President dismissed the Secretary of State,
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總統打發了正在與他交談的國務卿
00:30
whom he was conferring with, and asked the dentist
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然後轉身向牙醫詢問
00:32
if he would remove a tooth.
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他是否能夠拔牙
00:33
Later, in the 1850s, under President Pierce,
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然後,在1850年代,當時的總統皮爾斯
00:36
he was known to have remarked
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他以曾說過的這句話著名
00:38
— probably the only thing he's known for —
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-這或許是他唯一讓人留下印象的事-
00:41
when a neighbor passed by and said, "I'd love to see
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一位經過的鄰居問他「我真想參觀這棟美麗的房子」
00:43
the beautiful house," and Pierce said to him,
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然後皮爾斯回答
00:46
"Why my dear sir, of course you may come in.
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「先生您何需問,你當然能夠進來
00:48
This isn't my house. It is the people's house."
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這不是我的房子,這是人民的房子」
00:52
Well, when I got to the White House in the beginning
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2009年初歐巴馬任期初始
00:54
of 2009, at the start of the Obama Administration,
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我第一次踏入白宮
00:57
the White House was anything but open.
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白宮一點也不開放
01:00
Bomb blast curtains covered my windows.
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窗戶的窗簾是防爆窗簾
01:03
We were running Windows 2000.
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電腦還在跑Windows 2000
01:05
Social media were blocked at the firewall.
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社群媒體被拒於防火牆外
01:07
We didn't have a blog, let alone a dozen twitter accounts
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我們沒有部落格,更別提能夠像今日一樣
01:10
like we have today.
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有好幾個推特帳號
01:12
I came in to become the head of Open Government,
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我當時主掌開放政府計畫
01:14
to take the values and the practices of transparency,
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希望把透明化,參與,合作 等
01:17
participation and collaboration, and instill them
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的價值與作法 導入
01:20
into the way that we work, to open up government,
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我們的工作方式,開放政府
01:23
to work with people.
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與人民共事
01:25
Now one of the things that we know
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我們知道的一件事是
01:27
is that companies are very good at getting people to work
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私人企業非常善於讓人們
01:30
together in teams and in networks to make
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在團體、網路的環境下工作,讓人們能有辦法生產
01:33
very complex products, like cars and computers,
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非常複雜的產品,像是車、電腦等
01:36
and the more complex the products are a society creates,
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而一個社會所生產產品的複雜程度越高
01:40
the more successful the society is over time.
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越能夠看出這個社會進化成功的程度
01:43
Companies make goods, but governments,
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私人公司生產產品,ˊ而政府
01:46
they make public goods. They work on the cure for cancer
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生產公共財,他們致力找到癌症療方
01:49
and educating our children and making roads,
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和教育我們的小孩、或是鋪路
01:52
but we don't have institutions that are particularly good
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但政府缺乏擅長應付
01:55
at this kind of complexity. We don't have institutions
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這般的複雜度,我們缺乏那種機構
01:58
that are good at bringing our talents to bear,
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能妥善匯聚我們的才能來做事
02:01
at working with us in this kind of open and collaborative way.
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在這種開放、共同合作的方式下工作
02:05
So when we wanted to create our Open Government policy,
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所以當我們想要創造我們自己的開放政府政策
02:08
what did we do? We wanted, naturally, to ask public sector
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我們要怎麼做,當然,我們會詢問公共部門
02:10
employees how we should open up government.
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問裏頭職員該怎麼樣讓政府更開放
02:13
Turns out that had never been done before.
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結果發現這從來沒有先例
02:16
We wanted to ask members of the public to help us
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我們想請大眾來幫我們
02:19
come up with a policy, not after the fact, commenting
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找出新方法,而非做事後諸葛
02:22
on a rule after it's written, the way is typically the case,
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事後才對既成規則批評,我們現在就是這樣。
02:26
but in advance. There was no legal precedent,
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而是要在定新政策前就想清楚。此事(開放政府)在法律上
02:29
no cultural precedent, no technical way of doing this.
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文化上俱無先例,在技術上也窒礙難行。
02:32
In fact, many people told us it was illegal.
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事實上,很多人跟我們說這樣是非法的
02:35
Here's the crux of the obstacle.
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這個障礙的癥結在
02:38
Governments exist to channel the flow of two things,
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政府的存在,主要要處理兩件事:
02:41
really, values and expertise to and from government
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把社會價值與專業能力導入與導出政府
02:44
and to and from citizens to the end of making decisions.
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把來自公民的價值與專業導引到政府決策
02:48
But the way that our institutions are designed,
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但我們政府今天的設計,反應自18世紀以來
02:50
in our rather 18th-century, centralized model,
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集中中央的模式
02:53
is to channel the flow of values through voting,
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藉投票來掌握民間價值
02:57
once every four years, once every two years, at best,
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四年一次、兩年一次,最多
02:59
once a year. This is a rather anemic and thin way, in this
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一年一次。在現今這種社群媒體的時代
03:03
era of social media, for us to actually express our values.
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這種表達我們民眾價值的方法,非常貧乏而且薄弱
03:07
Today we have technology that lets us express ourselves
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今日的科技可以讓我們隨時表達自我
03:09
a great deal, perhaps a little too much.
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非常多的科技,或許還有點太多了
03:12
Then in the 19th century, we layer on
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然而在19世紀,我們依賴執行公共事務的政府
03:15
the concept of bureaucracy and the administrative state
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及官僚體系的概念
03:17
to help us govern complex and large societies.
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來幫助我們治理複雜且龐大的社會
03:20
But we've centralized these bureaucracies.
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但我們官僚體系都採中央集權制
03:23
We've entrenched them. And we know that
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我們把他們和大眾分隔,而我們也知道
03:26
the smartest person always works for someone else.
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最聰明的人總是替別人服務
03:29
We need to only look around this room to know that
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我們只需要在這個廳內四處看看就看得出來
03:31
expertise and intelligence is widely distributed in society,
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專家和智慧在這個社會到處都有
03:35
and not limited simply to our institutions.
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不是僅僅存在於政府機構裡
03:39
Scientists have been studying in recent years
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科學家們近年來在研究
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the phenomenon that they often describe as flow,
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他們常描述為「流動」的一個現象
03:44
that the design of our systems, whether natural or social,
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就是我們系統的設計,不管是自然或是社會
03:47
channel the flow of whatever runs through them.
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會引導所有經過系統的流動
03:50
So a river is designed to channel the flow of water,
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所以河道設計來引導水流
03:53
and the lightning bolt that comes out of a cloud channels
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透過雲端而來的閃電
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the flow of electricity, and a leaf is designed to channel
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引導電流 ,樹葉
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the flow of nutrients to the tree,
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引導養分進入樹幹
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sometimes even having to route around an obstacle,
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有些時候甚至必須繞過障礙
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but to get that nutrition flowing.
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只為了讓養分能夠流動
04:07
The same can be said for our social systems, for our
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同樣的流動方式也可以用來描述我們的社會系統
04:09
systems of government, where, at the very least,
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我們的政府系統。 這麼做,至少
04:12
flow offers us a helpful metaphor for understanding
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流動是個有用的比喻可以幫助我們了解
04:15
what the problem is, what's really broken,
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問題在哪裡、哪裡出了岔子
04:17
and the urgent need that we have, that we all feel today,
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為什麼我們都覺得有迫切需要
04:21
to redesign the flow of our institutions.
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重新設計政府機構的流動
04:24
We live in a Cambrian era of big data, of social networks,
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現在是個資訊爆炸、社群網路蓬勃的時代
04:29
and we have this opportunity to redesign these institutions
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我們有機會重新設計這些機構
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that are actually quite recent.
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這些都還不太老舊的機構
04:36
Think about it: What other business do you know,
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想想:有哪些行業
04:39
what other sector of the economy, and especially one
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或是經濟體中某些部門,特別是那些
04:42
as big as the public sector, that doesn't seek to reinvent
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和政府機構一般龐大的部門,那個不
04:45
its business model on a regular basis?
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經常重新改造自己的商業模式?
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Sure, we invest plenty in innovation. We invest
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沒錯,我們大量投資於創新。
04:51
in broadband and science education and science grants,
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在寬頻,科學教育,科學研究基金上都投資了許多
04:55
but we invest far too little in reinventing and redesigning
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但我們在政府再造和組織更新上
04:59
the institutions that we have.
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的投資卻是少之又少
05:01
Now, it's very easy to complain, of course, about
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要抱怨我們的政黨政治以及
05:04
partisan politics and entrenched bureaucracy, and we love
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獨立不受人民控制的官僚體系很簡單
05:07
to complain about government. It's a perennial pastime,
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我們也的確喜歡抱怨政府,是個歷久不衰的娛樂活動
05:10
especially around election time, but
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在選舉時更是如此
05:13
the world is complex. We soon will have 10 billion people,
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但世界如此複雜,很快會突破一百億人口
05:16
many of whom will lack basic resources.
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很多人會面對基本資源的缺乏
05:19
So complain as we might, what actually can replace
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所以我們抱怨的同時,對於現況
05:22
what we have today?
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我們有甚麼替代方案?
05:25
What comes the day after the Arab Spring?
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阿拉伯之春之後呢?
05:29
Well, one attractive alternative that obviously presents itself
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我們學到網路是個既明顯
05:33
to us is that of networks. Right? Networks
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又吸引人的選項,對吧?
05:35
like Facebook and Twitter. They're lean. They're mean.
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像臉書,推特,小而精悍有力
05:38
You've got 3,000 employees at Facebook
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3000名臉書員工
05:41
governing 900 million inhabitants.
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管理九億個使用者
05:43
We might even call them citizens, because they've recently
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我們甚至能把他們看做是公民
05:46
risen up to fight against legislative incursion,
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因為他們才剛奮起對抗政府以立法侵權
05:50
and the citizens of these networks work together
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這些網路公民團結一致,
05:52
to serve each other in great ways.
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以極棒的方式彼此協助
05:55
But private communities, private, corporate,
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但私人社群、私人企業
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privatizing communities, are not bottom-up democracies.
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私人化的社會,不是一個由下至上的民主社會
06:01
They cannot replace government.
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人民無法替換政府
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Friending someone on Facebook is not complex enough
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在臉書上結交朋友不難
06:06
to do the hard work of you and I collaborating
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遠不如你我攜手合作
06:09
with each other and doing the hard work of governance.
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從事治理這麼複雜
06:13
But social media do teach us something.
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但是社群媒體的確教了我們一些事
06:16
Why is Twitter so successful? Because it opens up its platform.
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為什麼推特如此成功?因為它有開放式的平台
06:20
It opens up the API to allow hundreds of thousands
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它開放應用程式介面(API)讓數十萬的
06:23
of new applications to be built on top of it, so that we can
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新程式在平台上開發,讓我們能
06:27
read and process information in new and exciting ways.
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用嶄新、令人興奮的方式讀取及處理資訊
06:31
We need to think about how to open up the API
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我們需要去思考如何開放政府的API
06:33
of government, and the way that we're going to do that,
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以及開放的方法
06:38
the next great superpower is going to be the one
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下一個強權是
06:41
who can successfully combine the hierarchy of institution --
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能夠成功結合不同層級的政府機構成一體
06:47
because we have to maintain those public values,
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因為我們必須保有公眾的價值
06:49
we have to coordinate the flow -- but with the diversity
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我們必須協調這樣的流動,用網路的 多樣性
06:52
and the pulsating life and the chaos and the excitement
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生命脈動,渾沌和激動
06:55
of networks, all of us working together to build
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我們所有的人一同致力
06:58
these new innovations on top of our institutions,
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在我們現有機構的基礎上,建構這些創新
07:01
to engage in the practice of governance.
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實際參與治理
07:04
We have a precedent for this. Good old Henry II here,
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這事有先例可循,亨利二世
07:07
in the 12th century, invented the jury.
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在12世紀,發明了陪審團制度
07:11
Powerful, practical, palpable model for handing power
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一個有力的、實際的、具體的模式
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from government to citizens.
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讓公民分享政府權力
07:18
Today we have the opportunity, and we have
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今日我們有機會
07:21
the imperative, to create thousands of new ways
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有使命,去創造數以千計
07:25
of interconnecting between networks and institutions,
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各個不同網路與不同機構的連結
07:28
thousands of new kinds of juries: the citizen jury,
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上千種新形式的陪審團:像是公民陪審團
07:30
the Carrotmob, the hackathon, we are just beginning
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胡蘿蔔暴民、駭客大會。我們才剛起步
07:34
to invent the models by which we can cocreate
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發明各種形式讓我們得藉之共同創造
07:37
the process of governance.
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治理的過程
07:39
Now, we don't fully have a picture of what this will look like
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我們還不清楚全貌會如何
07:41
yet, but we're seeing pockets of evolution
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然而,我們見到某些局部的演進
07:44
emerging all around us -- maybe not even evolution,
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發生在我們身旁-或許甚至不是演進
07:47
I'd even start to call it a revolution -- in the way that we govern.
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我甚至開始叫它是革命、治理的革命
07:51
Some of it's very high-tech,
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有非常高科技的工具
07:52
and some of it is extremely low-tech,
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也有一些幾乎沒有用到任何科技
07:54
such as the project that MKSS is running in Rajasthan,
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譬如MKSS在印度的拉賈斯坦邦執行中的計畫
07:58
India, where they take the spending data of the state
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他們將政府支出的數據
08:01
and paint it on 100,000 village walls,
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張貼在十萬個村莊的牆上
08:05
and then invite the villagers to come and comment
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然後邀請村民前來觀看並加以評論
08:07
who is on the government payroll, who's actually died,
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誰收了政府的錢、誰真的已經死亡
08:10
what are the bridges that have been built to nowhere,
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哪些橋是無用的,造了只是為了消耗建設經費
08:12
and to work together through civic engagement to save
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透過公民參與、一同協力
08:15
real money and participate and have access to that budget.
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節省開銷,參與制定以及實際使用預算
08:18
But it's not just about policing government.
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但這不只是監管政府
08:21
It's also about creating government.
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這也是政府再造
08:22
Spacehive in the U.K. is engaging in crowd-funding,
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英國的Spacehive平台,向群眾募款
08:26
getting you and me to raise the money to build
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讓你我籌款
08:28
the goalposts and the park benches that will actually
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建造足球門、公園長椅等
08:31
allow us to deliver better services in our communities.
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讓我們能提供這些真正用於社區的東西
08:34
No one is better at this activity of actually getting us
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能號召人們一同提供服務
08:38
to engage in delivering services,
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最厲害的莫過Ushahidi
08:41
sometimes where none exist, than Ushahidi.
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這樣的組織也不是處處都有
08:44
Created after the post-election riots in Kenya in 2008,
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2008年肯亞選舉後發生暴動,Ushahidi成立
08:49
this crisis-mapping website and community is actually able
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這繪製災難區地圖的網站及社群能夠
08:53
to crowdsource and target the delivery of
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依賴一般民眾提供訊息,精準找到
08:55
better rescue services to people trapped under the rubble,
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困在瓦礫下的人們,提供更好的援救服務
08:59
whether it's after the earthquakes in Haiti,
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他們在海地的地震提供協助
09:01
or more recently in Italy.
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也在最近的義大利地震提供協助
09:04
And the Red Cross too is training volunteers and Twitter
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紅十字會正訓練志工,推特的傳訊讓我們確認成效
09:07
is certifying them, not simply to supplement existing
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他們不只協助現有的政府機構
09:10
government institutions, but in many cases, to replace them.
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在很多案例中,更取代了政府機構
09:14
Now what we're seeing lots of examples of, obviously,
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我們看到許多例子,很清楚的
09:17
is the opening up of government data,
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政府公開資訊的例子
09:18
not enough examples of this yet, but we're starting
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儘管還不夠多,但我們開始
09:21
to see this practice of people creating and generating
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看見人們利用政府的資訊
09:25
innovative applications on top of government data.
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產生創新的運用方法
09:28
There's so many examples I could have picked, and I
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有很多相關的案例
09:31
selected this one of Jon Bon Jovi. Some of you
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但我選 Jon Bon Jovi 作例子
09:34
may or may not know that he runs a soup kitchen
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有些人或許知道他在新澤西有家免費食堂
09:36
in New Jersey, where he caters to and serves the homeless
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專門提供免費餐點給遊民
09:39
and particularly homeless veterans.
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特別是照顧那些無家可歸的退伍軍人
09:40
In February, he approached the White House, and said,
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今年二月,他找上白宮,表示:
09:43
"I would like to fund a prize to create scalable national
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「我要設立獎金獎勵那些創造規模及於全國的大型的,小型的
09:47
applications, apps, that will help not only the homeless
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應用程式來幫助遊民,也幫助那些服務遊民的人
09:51
but those who deliver services [to] them to do so better."
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讓他們能提供更好服務」
09:54
February 2012 to June of 2012,
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從2012年二月到六月
09:57
the finalists are announced in the competition.
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4個月後就公布了競賽的贏家
10:00
Can you imagine, in the bureaucratic world of yesteryear,
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你能否想像,在昔日的官僚世界中
10:03
getting anything done in a four-month period of time?
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在4個月內能辦成什麼事?
10:06
You can barely fill out the forms in that amount of time,
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連填完一堆申請表格的時間可能都不夠
10:08
let alone generate real, palpable innovations
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更別提產生真實的,具體的創新
10:11
that improve people's lives.
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來改善人們生活
10:13
And I want to be clear to mention that this open government
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我要表明,開放政府的革命
10:16
revolution is not about privatizing government,
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並不是將政府私有化
10:20
because in many cases what it can do when we have
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因為在許多狀況下,我們願意
10:23
the will to do so is to deliver more progressive
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開放政府能提供更進步
10:26
and better policy than the regulations and the legislative
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更好的政策,勝過那我們今日
10:30
and litigation-oriented strategies
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依賴法規,立法以及採用訴訟等策略
10:33
by which we make policy today.
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所產生的政策
10:36
In the State of Texas, they regulate 515 professions,
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德州政府管制五百一十五種職業
10:39
from well-driller to florist.
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從鑽井工到花商都列管
10:41
Now, you can carry a gun into a church in Dallas,
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現在,在達拉斯、你能帶把槍進教堂
10:45
but do not make a flower arrangement without a license,
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但請不要無照插花
10:48
because that will land you in jail.
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因為這要吃牢飯的
10:50
So what is Texas doing? They're asking you and me,
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所以德州現在怎麼辦? 他們要每個人
10:54
using online policy wikis, to help not simply get rid of
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以線上維基百科方式,提供政策意見及集成,不只要取代
10:58
burdensome regulations that impede entrepreneurship,
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讓創業者卻步的錯綜複雜的法規
11:02
but to replace those regulations with more innovative
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更要用更創新的替代方案取代那些法規
11:05
alternatives, sometimes using transparency in the creation
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利用開放的政府資訊,開發iPhone 應用程式
11:08
of new iPhone apps that will allows us
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能夠讓我們
11:10
both to protect consumers and the public
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同時保護消費者和公眾
11:12
and to encourage economic development.
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也刺激經濟發展
11:16
That is a nice sideline of open government.
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這是公開化政府的附加好處
11:19
It's not only the benefits that we've talked about with regard
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不僅是剛才講的有益經濟發展的好處
11:22
to development. It's the economic benefits and the
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開放的創新工程
11:25
job creation that's coming from this open innovation work.
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也同時帶來經濟利益和創造新的工作機會
11:30
Sberbank, the largest and oldest bank in Russia,
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Sberbank,俄羅斯一家最古老最大的銀行
11:32
largely owned by the Russian government,
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俄國政府是銀行的最大股東
11:34
has started practicing crowdsourcing, engaging
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已經開始採取行動,向大眾求援
11:37
its employees and citizens in the public in developing innovations.
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讓它的雇員和公民都參與開發新的創新
11:41
Last year they saved a billion dollars, 30 billion rubles,
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去年他們透過開放創新省下十億美元、三百億盧布
11:45
from open innovation, and they're pushing radically
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他們也很積極推動
11:48
the extension of crowdsourcing, not only from banking,
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推展動員民力的作法,不只是銀行業務
11:50
but into the public sector.
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也導入公部門
11:52
And we see lots of examples of these innovators using
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我們看見許多例子,這些創新者
11:55
open government data, not simply to make apps,
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運用公開的政府資料,不只是做個APP而已
11:58
but then to make companies and to hire people
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而更要創造企業、雇用員工
12:00
to build them working with the government.
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創造與政府攜手合作的企業
12:02
So a lot of these innovations are local.
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所以許多創新是在地的
12:05
In San Ramon, California, they published an iPhone app
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在加州San Ramon,他們發行了一款iPhone APP
12:08
in which they allow you or me to say we are certified
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讓每個人受過人工心肺復甦(CPR)術訓練,有執照的人
12:11
CPR-trained, and then when someone has a heart attack,
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用此APP登錄,當有人發生心臟病時
12:15
a notification goes out so that you
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你會收到通知,然後
12:17
can rush over to the person over here and deliver CPR.
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你能趕到患者所在地 施行心肺復甦術(CPR)救援
12:21
The victim who receives bystander CPR
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接受醫院外心肺復甦術(CPR)的病患
12:23
is more than twice as likely to survive.
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生存的機會因此提高了至少一倍
12:26
"There is a hero in all of us," is their slogan.
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「我們中都有英雄」是他們的口號
12:29
But it's not limited to the local.
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但這也不僅限於小地方
12:32
British Columbia, Canada, is publishing a catalogue
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位於加拿大的英屬哥倫比亞,發行了一個型錄
12:35
of all the ways that its residents and citizens can engage
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載明了所有讓居民或市民能夠
12:38
with the state in the cocreation of governance.
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參與協同共創治理國家的方式
12:41
Let me be very clear,
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讓我非常清楚的表明
12:44
and perhaps controversial,
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或許這有點爭議性
12:46
that open government is not
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開放式的政府並不是
12:49
about transparent government.
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透明化的政府
12:51
Simply throwing data over the transom doesn't change
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單單揭露資料並不能改變
12:54
how government works.
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政府的的工作方式
12:55
It doesn't get anybody to do anything with that data
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光是資料公開並不能讓人
12:58
to change lives, to solve problems, and it doesn't change
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改變生活、解決問題,也無法改變
13:01
government.
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政府
13:03
What it does is it creates an adversarial relationship
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反而會讓政府和公民社會之間
13:06
between civil society and government
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對於誰該掌握與控制資訊
13:07
over the control and ownership of information.
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產生對立關係
13:10
And transparency, by itself, is not reducing the flow
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而光靠透明化,不能減少流入
13:13
of money into politics, and arguably,
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政治的金流,也有足夠理由說
13:15
it's not even producing accountability as well as it might
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對責任歸屬的釐清也不理想
13:18
if we took the next step of combining participation and
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如果我們能進展到下一步:結合參與
13:22
collaboration with transparency to transform how we work.
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合作、和資料透明化,改變我們做事的方式。
13:26
We're going to see this evolution really in two phases,
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我想,這個演變過程有兩個階段
13:28
I think. The first phase of the open government revolution
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開放政府的革命,第一階段是
13:32
is delivering better information from the crowd
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將更好的資訊將由外圍的群眾
13:35
into the center.
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傳向中心的政府
13:37
Starting in 2005, and this is how this open government
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2005年開始,這是在美國真實發生的過程
13:40
work in the U.S. really got started,
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開放政府開始了
13:42
I was teaching a patent law class to my students and
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我當時還在為學生上專利法的課
13:44
explaining to them how a single person in the bureaucracy
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向他們解說,官僚體系中,只要單單一個人
13:48
has the power to make a decision
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就有權決定
13:50
about which patent application becomes the next patent,
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那一個專利申請可以獲得專利許可
13:54
and therefore monopolizes for 20 years the rights
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所以就這樣的一個人,在過去20年間
13:57
over an entire field of inventive activity.
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壟斷了這整個發明領域中的活動
14:00
Well, what did we do? We said, we can make a website,
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那我們要怎麼辦?我們說,我們能架設站
14:03
we can make an expert network, a social network,
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我們能架一個專家網站,一個社群網站
14:05
that would connect the network to the institution
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和政府這機構連結起來
14:08
to allow scientists and technologists to get
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讓科學家和科技專門人士能夠提供
14:10
better information to the patent office
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更好的資訊給專利局
14:13
to aid in making those decisions.
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幫助他們作專利許可的決定
14:15
We piloted the work in the U.S. and the U.K. and Japan
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我們在美國、英國、日本、和澳洲做了試行
14:18
and Australia, and now I'm pleased to report
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現在我很高興能夠報告
14:21
that the United States Patent Office will be rolling out
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美國專利局自今年開始
14:23
universal, complete, and total openness,
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推出一個全面、完整、完全公開的
14:27
so that all patent applications will now be open
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所有公民都得以參與的
14:30
for citizen participation, beginning this year.
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專利申請的程序
14:34
The second phase of this evolution — Yeah. (Applause)
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第二個階段-
14:37
They deserve a hand. (Applause)
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他們應得這些掌聲鼓勵(掌聲)
14:40
The first phase is in getting better information in.
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第一階段是要讓更好的資訊匯入中心
14:43
The second phase is in getting decision-making power out.
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第二階段是要讓決策力量外放
14:46
Participatory budgeting has long been practiced
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開放公眾參與預算編列
14:49
in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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已經在巴西的阿雷格里港實施已久
14:50
They're just starting it in the 49th Ward in Chicago.
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芝加哥第四十九區也正要開始做同樣的事
14:53
Russia is using wikis to get citizens writing law together,
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俄國利用維基概念與系統讓市民一同編寫法律
14:57
as is Lithuania. When we start to see
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立陶宛也是。當我們開始看見
14:59
power over the core functions of government
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民眾有全影響政府核心功能
15:02
— spending, legislation, decision-making —
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-開支、立法、和決策-
15:05
then we're well on our way to an open government revolution.
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完全開放政府的革命的成功也就不遠了
15:09
There are many things that we can do to get us there.
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還有很多我們能幫我們自己一把的事
15:13
Obviously opening up the data is one,
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明顯的,開放資訊是一個
15:16
but the important thing is to create lots more --
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但重要的事是去創造更多-
15:18
create and curate -- lots more participatory opportunities.
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創造和組織-更多參與的機會
15:22
Hackathons and mashathons and working with data
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駭客大會,圖書資訊大會,
15:25
to build apps is an intelligible way for people to engage
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設計運用資料的APP都是很聰明的方式,讓我們
15:29
and participate, like the jury is,
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接觸並且參與、就像陪審團制度
15:31
but we're going to need lots more things like it.
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但我們將需要更多類似的事
15:34
And that's why we need to start with our youngest people.
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也是為什麼我們需要從年輕人開始
15:39
We've heard talk here at TED about people
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我們在TED聽過有關
15:42
biohacking and hacking their plants with Arduino,
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生物破解,用Arduino系統駭入植物生化系統
15:46
and Mozilla is doing work around the world in getting
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Mozilla的軟體公開平台讓世界各地
15:49
young people to build websites and make videos.
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的年輕人架設網站、製作影片
15:52
When we start by teaching young people that we live,
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當我們先教導年輕人,讓他們知道
15:55
not in a passive society, a read-only society,
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我們不是住在一個消極的社會,一個只供讀取的社會
15:58
but in a writable society, where we have the power
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而是可改寫的社會、一個我們有力量
16:01
to change our communities, to change our institutions,
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去改變我們的社區、改變我們的政府機構的社會
16:04
that's when we begin to really put ourselves on the pathway
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我們才真正走上
16:08
towards this open government innovation,
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開放式政府的創新大道上
16:11
towards this open government movement,
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走向開放式政府的運動
16:13
towards this open government revolution.
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走向開放式政府的革命
16:15
So let me close by saying that I think the important thing
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最後,我想很重要的是
16:17
for us to do is to talk about and demand this revolution.
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我們該討論而且要求這個革命發生
16:23
We don't have words, really, to describe it yet.
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我們尚未有確切的字眼能夠形容這件事
16:26
Words like equality and fairness and the traditional
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平等、公平等字眼
16:29
elections, democracy, these are not really great terms yet.
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或傳統選舉、民主,這些都還不夠棒
16:33
They're not fun enough. They're not exciting enough
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它們不夠有趣,不夠振奮
16:36
to get us engaged in this tremendous opportunity
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不足以激勵我們介入這等待我們的偉大機會。
16:39
that awaits us. But I would argue that if we want to see
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但我認為,如果我們想看到這些
16:43
the kinds of innovations, the hopeful and exciting
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不同的創新、這些我們在TED聽到的
16:45
innovations that we hear talked about here at TED,
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許多令人期待且令人振奮的
16:48
in clean energy, in clean education,
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在乾淨能源,乾淨的教育上還在發展中的創新
16:50
in development, if we want to see those adopted
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如果我們想看到這些創新被實際應用
16:53
and we want to see those scaled,
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如果我們想看到這些新方法被大規模採用
16:55
we want to see them become the governance of tomorrow,
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看到它變成明日的治理型模
16:58
then we must all participate,
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那麼我們每個人都必須要參與
16:59
then we must get involved.
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我們每人都必須要涉入
17:01
We must open up our institutions, and like the leaf,
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我們必須開放政府機構,像樹葉一樣
17:04
we must let the nutrients flow throughout our body politic,
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我們必須讓養分在政治的體中流動自如
17:08
throughout our culture, to create open institutions
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流過我們的文化,創造開放的政府機構
17:11
to create a stronger democracy, a better tomorrow.
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創造更強的民主,一個更好的未來
17:14
Thank you. (Applause)
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謝謝各位 (掌聲)
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