Technology that knows what you're feeling | Poppy Crum

譯者: Clare Wong 審譯者: Karen Lo

What happens when technology knows more about us than we do?

當科技比我們更了解自己時， 會發生甚麼事呢？

A computer now can detect our slightest facial microexpressions

現今的電腦，

可以偵測到我們的微表情──

and be able to tell the difference between a real smile and a fake one.

它分辨得出真笑和假笑。

That's only the beginning.

但這只是個開始。

Technology has become incredibly intelligent

科技日益進步，

and already knows a lot about our internal states.

它知道很多我們的內心世界。

And whether we like it or not,

不管我們喜歡與否，

we already are sharing parts of our inner lives

我們已將自己部分內心世界分享出去，

that's out of our control.

這不在我們的掌控之中。

That seems like a problem,

那似乎是個問題，

because a lot of us like to keep what's going on inside

因為我們當中很多人，

喜歡隱藏內心想法，

讓旁人無從察覺。

from what people actually see.

We want to have agency over what we share and what we don't.

我們想要掌握自主權去選擇 什麼可被分享、什麼不可以。

We all like to have a poker face.

我們都想要張撲克臉。

But I'm here to tell you that I think that's a thing of the past.

但我在這裡告訴你們， 我認為這種想法已經過時。

And while that might sound scary, it's not necessarily a bad thing.

儘管這件事好像頗為嚇人，

但未必是件壞事。

I've spent a lot of time studying the circuits in the brain

我花了很多時間研究腦內的迴路，

that create the unique perceptual realities that we each have.

它創造了我們獨特的感知。

And now I bring that together

現在我把它和當今科技結合，

with the capabilities of current technology

to create new technology that does make us better,

創造新技術，令我們更好、

feel more, connect more.

感受更多、聯繫更多。

And I believe to do that,

而我認為要達到這個目的，

we have to be OK losing some of our agency.

我們要接受失去一些自主權。

With some animals, it's really amazing,

和某些動物在一起時，真的很奇妙。

and we get to see into their internal experiences.

我們可知道牠們的內心經歷。

We get this upfront look at the mechanistic interaction

我們可直接得知

牠們對周圍環境的反應

between how they respond to the world around them

和生理系統狀態之間的相互影響。

and the state of their biological systems.

This is where evolutionary pressures like eating, mating

這就是來自進化的壓力， 像是進食、交配

和確保我們不會被吃掉，

and making sure we don't get eaten

drive deterministic behavioral responses to information in the world.

促使確定性行為 回應我們身邊的資訊。

And we get to see into this window,

而我們透過這個窗口，

into their internal states and their biological experiences.

透視牠們的心理狀態及生理變化。

It's really pretty cool.

這真的很酷。

Now, stay with me for a moment -- I'm a violinist, not a singer.

現在請你們忍受我一會兒。

我是個小提琴手，不是歌唱家。

But the spider's already given me a critical review.

但這隻蜘蛛已挑剔地批評我。

(Video) (Singing in a low pitch)

(低音唱歌)

(Singing in a middle pitch)

(中音唱歌)

(Singing in a high pitch)

(高音唱歌)

(Singing in a low pitch)

(低音唱歌)

(Singing in a middle pitch)

(中音唱歌)

(Singing in a high pitch)

(高音唱歌)

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Poppy Crum: It turns out, some spiders tune their webs like violins

由此可知， 有些蜘蛛會調節自己的蜘蛛網，

to resonate with certain sounds.

像小提琴一樣調至特定的音階。

And likely, the harmonics of my voice as it went higher

同樣地，我唱歌的音調

隨分貝數拉高，

coupled with how loud I was singing

recreated either the predatory call of an echolocating bat or a bird,

重新創造類似捕獵者， 蝙蝠或鳥的回聲定位。

and the spider did what it should.

而蜘蛛做了牠應該做的事。

It predictively told me to bug off.

牠預言性地叫我離開。

I love this.

我愛這樣。

The spider's responding to its external world

蜘蛛回應外在環境時，

in a way that we get to see and know what's happening to its internal world.

我們藉此看到並了解牠的內心世界。

Biology is controlling the spider's response;

生理控制著蜘蛛的反應，

it's wearing its internal state on its sleeve.

牠把自己最真實的情感流露出來。

But us, humans --

但我們，人類 ──

we're different.

我們不一樣。

We like to think we have cognitive control over what people see, know and understand

我們自認能夠控制自己的感知能力。

像是讓別人怎樣看待、知道和理解

about our internal states --

我們的內心世界、

our emotions, our insecurities, our bluffs, our trials and tribulations --

我們的情感、我們的局促不安、

我們的虛張聲勢、 我們的麻煩和艱難⋯⋯

and how we respond.

及我們的反應。

We get to have our poker face.

我們需要一張撲克臉。

Or maybe we don't.

但或者，我們其實並不需要。

Try this with me.

跟我一起嘗試這樣做。

Your eye responds to how hard your brain is working.

你的眼睛能反映出大腦使用的程度。

The response you're about to see is driven entirely by mental effort

接下來你看到的反應

完全出於心理因素。

and has nothing to do with changes in lighting.

和亮度沒有關係。

We know this from neuroscience.

我保證這有神經科學的根據。

I promise, your eyes are doing the same thing as the subject in our lab,

你的眼睛和實驗室受試者的 眼睛會做相同的事，

whether you want them to or not.

無論你願意與否。

At first, you'll hear some voices.

首先你會聽到一些聲音。

Try and understand them and keep watching the eye in front of you.

嘗試去了解， 而且定睛於你面前的眼睛。

It's going to be hard at first,

一開始會有點難。

要放棄真的很容易。

one should drop out, and it should get really easy.

從瞳孔的直徑 你可以看見心理因素的變化。

You're going to see the change in effort in the diameter of the pupil.

(Video) (Two overlapping voices talking)

（兩種聲音重疊） 智能科技仰賴個人數據。

(Single voice) Intelligent technology depends on personal data.

（一種聲音）智能科技仰賴個人數據。

(Two overlapping voices talking)

（兩種聲音重疊） 智能科技仰賴個人數據。

(Single voice) Intelligent technology depends on personal data.

（一種聲音）智能科技仰賴個人數據。

PC: Your pupil doesn't lie.

你的瞳孔不會說謊。

Your eye gives away your poker face.

你的眼睛拆穿了你的撲克臉。

When your brain's having to work harder,

當腦袋愈努力地想事情，

your autonomic nervous system drives your pupil to dilate.

自主神經系統驅使瞳孔擴大。

When it's not, it contracts.

在相反的情況下，瞳孔縮小。

When I take away one of the voices,

當只有一種聲音時，

the cognitive effort to understand the talkers

理解說話內容需要的精力減少。

gets a lot easier.

I could have put the two voices in different spatial locations,

我把兩種聲音分別放在兩個地方，

I could have made one louder.

如果我將其中一種聲音調大聲，

You would have seen the same thing.

出來的效果也是一樣。

We might think we have more agency over the reveal of our internal state

我們可能自認為比蜘蛛有更多自主權

能控制披露自己的內心狀態與否，

than that spider,

but maybe we don't.

但或許不如我們所想像的。

Today's technology is starting to make it really easy

現今科技很容易就讀懂

to see the signals and tells that give us away.

我們內心深處釋出的信號。

The amalgamation of sensors paired with machine learning

傳感器連同機器學習，

on us, around us and in our environments,

與我們、周遭、環境相結合，

is a lot more than cameras and microphones tracking our external actions.

遠遠不止追蹤我們行動的 相機和麥克風而已。

Our bodies radiate our stories

我們身體的生理溫度變化

from changes in the temperature of our physiology.

輻射出我們的故事。

We can look at these as infrared thermal images

看看我身後的紅外線溫度圖。

showing up behind me,

where reds are hotter and blues are cooler.

紅色代表較高溫，藍色代表低溫。

The dynamic signature of our thermal response

動態的身體溫度徵象

gives away our changes in stress,

讓我們對壓力的反應露了餡，

how hard our brain is working,

我們有多努力用腦想問題，

whether we're paying attention

我們和別人聊天時是否專注，

and engaged in the conversation we might be having

and even whether we're experiencing a picture of fire as if it were real.

甚至我們是否像身歷其境遭火炙。

We can actually see people give off heat on their cheeks

人們的臉頰真的會散發出熱力

in response to an image of flame.

來回應火焰的影像。

But aside from giving away our poker bluffs,

除了假裝冷漠露了餡，

what if dimensions of data from someone's thermal response

如果反應的人體溫度數據

gave away a glow of interpersonal interest?

也讓人際關係露了餡呢？

Tracking the honesty of feelings in someone's thermal image

用溫度圖追蹤人的真誠感受

might be a new part of how we fall in love and see attraction.

可能是部分墜入愛河 和偵測吸引力的新穎方式。

Our technology can listen, develop insights and make predictions

我們的科技可以聆聽、洞察和預測

about our mental and physical health

我們心理和生理的健康，

just by analyzing the timing dynamics of our speech and language

只需分析麥克風收到的 語言節奏變化。

picked up by microphones.

Groups have shown that changes in the statistics of our language

資料顯示，透過搭配

人們的語言變化數據和機器，

paired with machine learning

can predict the likelihood someone will develop psychosis.

可以預測一個人有精神病的可能性。

I'm going to take it a step further

我將更深入地探討，

and look at linguistic changes and changes in our voice

在不同的情況下，

that show up with a lot of different conditions.

我們語言和聲音上的改變。

Dementia, diabetes can alter the spectral coloration of our voice.

老年癡呆和糖尿病 可改變聲音中的光譜顏色。

Changes in our language associated with Alzheimer's

與阿茲海默症有關的語言變化

can sometimes show up more than 10 years before clinical diagnosis.

能在臨床診斷的前十年就被發現。

What we say and how we say it tells a much richer story

我們表達的內容和怎樣表達

比我們想像中透露出更多資訊。

than we used to think.

And devices we already have in our homes could, if we let them,

家中已有的儀器，如果我們允許，

give us invaluable insight back.

可以讓它們把珍貴的數據傳送回來。

The chemical composition of our breath

我們呼吸中的化學成分，

gives away our feelings.

能透露我們的感覺。

There's a dynamic mixture of acetone, isoprene and carbon dioxide

由丙酮、異戊二烯和二氧化碳 所組成的混合物成分，

that changes when our heart speeds up, when our muscles tense,

在心跳加速、肌肉緊張時不斷變化。

and all without any obvious change in our behaviors.

但我們的行為不會有明顯的改變。

Alright, I want you to watch this clip with me.

請你們跟我一同看這段影片。

Some things might be going on on the side screens,

有些東西可能出現在兩旁的螢幕，

but try and focus on the image in the front

但嘗試把注意力集中在前面的影像，

and the man at the window.

和窗戶旁的男人。

(Eerie music)

（怪異的音樂）

(Woman screams)

（女人的尖叫）

PC: Sorry about that. I needed to get a reaction.

抱歉讓你們經歷這些， 我需要你們的反應。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I'm actually tracking the carbon dioxide you exhale in the room right now.

我正追蹤你們在這房間 呼出的二氧化碳。

We've installed tubes throughout the theater,

我們在整間講廳安裝了管道，

lower to the ground, because CO2 is heavier than air.

在地下，

因為二氧化碳比空氣重。

But they're connected to a device in the back

這些管道連接後面的儀器，

that lets us measure, in real time, with high precision,

可以實時準確地計算

the continuous differential concentration of CO2.

一連串的二氧化碳濃度變化。

The clouds on the sides are actually the real-time data visualization

旁邊的雲圖顯示出這裡

of the density of our CO2.

二氧化碳濃度。

You might still see a patch of red on the screen,

你可能見到螢幕上有一小塊紅色，

because we're showing increases with larger colored clouds,

因為它顯示有顏色的雲團增多，

larger colored areas of red.

紅色的區域增多。

And that's the point where a lot of us jumped.

這正是顯示我們被嚇到的時候。

It's our collective suspense driving a change in carbon dioxide.

是我們集體的焦慮 導致二氧化碳變化。

Alright, now, watch this with me one more time.

現在再看一次這段影片。

(Cheerful music)

（快樂的音樂）

(Woman laughs)

（女人的笑聲）

PC: You knew it was coming.

你們已經知道會發生什麼事。

But it's a lot different when we changed the creator's intent.

當我們改變了創作者的意圖， 差別會很大。

Changing the music and the sound effects

轉換了音樂和音效

completely alter the emotional impact of that scene.

完全改變那場景帶來的情緒影響。

And we can see it in our breath.

從我們的呼吸可以知道，

Suspense, fear, joy

焦慮、恐懼、歡樂，

all show up as reproducible, visually identifiable moments.

都顯示可重複性， 視覺上可以辨識的時刻。

We broadcast a chemical signature of our emotions.

這些化學特質傳達了我們的情緒。

It is the end of the poker face.

撲克臉的時代將就此終結。

Our spaces, our technology will know what we're feeling.

我們的空間、科技 將會知道我們的情感。

We will know more about each other than we ever have.

我們將前所未有地更了解彼此。

We get a chance to reach in and connect to the experience and sentiments

我們有機會在情感上與社交上，

that are fundamental to us as humans

交換那些身為人類

in our senses, emotionally and socially.

基本擁有的經驗與觀點。

I believe it is the era of the empath.

我相信這是一個同理心的時代。

And we are enabling the capabilities that true technological partners can bring

我們正在實現那些能力，

是真正的技術合作夥伴 能夠帶來的能力，

to how we connect with each other and with our technology.

它能夠連結我們彼此，

也能連結我們與技術。

If we recognize the power of becoming technological empaths,

如果意識到我們能用技術 達到同理心的力量，

we get this opportunity

我們就掌有機會，

where technology can help us bridge the emotional and cognitive divide.

用科技幫助我們跨越 情感和認知的鴻溝。

And in that way, we get to change how we tell our stories.

如此一來，我們就能改變敘事的方法。

We can enable a better future for technologies like augmented reality

我們能為「擴增實境」等技術 創造更美好的未來，

to extend our own agency and connect us at a much deeper level.

擴大我們的自主權，

並令彼此更深入地連結。

Imagine a high school counselor being able to realize

試想像高中的輔導老師

能注意到表面歡樂的學生 其實正經歷著艱難的日子。

that an outwardly cheery student really was having a deeply hard time,

where reaching out can make a crucial, positive difference.

給予這名學生支持， 藉此得到關鍵且正向的結果。

Or authorities, being able to know the difference

或是讓權威人士有能力分辨

between someone having a mental health crisis

一個人是有心理健康障礙

and a different type of aggression,

還是具有侵略性，

and responding accordingly.

並根據情況作出回應。

Or an artist, knowing the direct impact of their work.

或者讓藝術工作者 能知曉其作品對人們的影響。

Leo Tolstoy defined his perspective of art

列夫·托爾斯泰將藝術定義為

by whether what the creator intended

創造者透過作品 把自己的想法傳達給觀賞者。

was experienced by the person on the other end.

Today's artists can know what we're feeling.

如今藝術工作者能知道我們的感受。

But regardless of whether it's art or human connection,

但無論是藝術或人際的連結，

today's technologies will know and can know

當今科技將會知道，能夠知道

what we're experiencing on the other side,

我們不為人知的經歷。

and this means we can be closer and more authentic.

這代表我們之間會更接近、更真誠。

But I realize a lot of us have a really hard time

但我明白有很多人抗拒

with the idea of sharing our data,

分享與自身相關數據的做法，

and especially the idea that people know things about us

特別是別人能洞悉

that we didn't actively choose to share.

我們不想與之分享的想法。

Anytime we talk to someone,

無論何時當我們和人交談、

look at someone

看著別人、

or choose not to look,

或不看時，

data is exchanged, given away,

數據已被交換並傳遞出去。

that people use to learn,

人們利用這些數據了解我們

make decisions about their lives and about ours.

來藉此做了和我們相關的決定。

I'm not looking to create a world where our inner lives are ripped open

我不是想創造一個 內心生活要被剖開的世界──

and our personal data and our privacy given away

把我們的私人數據和隱私

to people and entities where we don't want to see it go.

給我們不想給的人看。

But I am looking to create a world

我想創造一個世界

where we can care about each other more effectively,

可以讓我們更有效地關心彼此。

we can know more about when someone is feeling something

當有人需要被關心時，

that we ought to pay attention to.

我們可以獲得更多資訊。

And we can have richer experiences from our technology.

科技讓我們有更豐富的經驗。

Any technology can be used for good or bad.

任何科技都可用來行善或犯罪。

Transparency to engagement and effective regulation

參與的透明度和有效的規範，

are absolutely critical to building the trust for any of this.

這兩項要素能幫助科技建立信任。

But the benefits that "empathetic technology" can bring to our lives

同理心技術帶給生活的好處，

are worth solving the problems that make us uncomfortable.

值得讓我們解決令人不安的問題。

And if we don't, there are too many opportunities and feelings

如果我們不解決的話， 會有太多的機會和感受

we're going to be missing out on.

被我們忽略。

Thank you.

謝謝！

(Applause)

（掌聲）