3 questions to ask yourself about US citizenship | Jose Antonio Vargas
48,212 views ・ 2020-08-24
请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。
翻译人员: psjmz mz
校对人员: Yolanda Zhang
00:12
Four years after arriving
in the United States,
0
12866
3136
来美国四年以后,
00:16
like any typical 16-year-old,
1
16026
1567
就像其他十六岁的人一样,
00:17
I went to get my driver's permit.
2
17617
2751
我也去考了驾照。
00:20
After I showed the clerk
my immigration papers, my green card,
3
20392
3849
在给了那位办事员
我的移民文件和绿卡后,
00:24
she told me it was fake.
4
24265
1737
她跟我说“这是假的。
00:26
"Don't come back here again," she said.
5
26026
2624
别再来这儿了。”
00:29
That's how I found out
I was in America illegally.
6
29321
3157
我这才发现,
原来自己是一名非法移民,
00:32
And I'm still here illegally.
7
32502
2532
现在也依然是。
00:35
I'm a journalist and filmmaker.
8
35058
1555
我是一位记者和制片人。
00:36
I live in stories.
9
36637
1851
我的生活充满了
各种各样的故事。
00:38
And what I've learned
10
38512
1447
我发现,
00:39
that what most people
don't understand about immigration
11
39983
3219
大多数人对移民,
00:43
is what they don't understand
about themselves:
12
43226
3289
就和他们对
自己的身份一样知之甚少:
00:46
their families' old migration stories
and the processes they had to go through
13
46539
3914
他们家族的移民故事,
00:50
before green cards and walls even existed,
14
50477
2955
以及在绿卡和边境墙
出现之前的移民流程,
00:53
or what shaped their understanding
of citizenship itself.
15
53456
3715
或者是什么形成了他们
对公民身份的理解。
00:57
I was born in the Philippines.
16
57711
1757
我出生在菲律宾。
00:59
When I was 12, my mother sent me
to live with her parents,
17
59492
2779
我十二岁的时候,
妈妈把我送去和她的父母同住,
01:02
my grandparents,
18
62295
1221
也就是我的外公外婆,
01:03
or, as we say in Tagalog, lolo and lola.
19
63540
2461
加禄语中的称谓是 洛洛 和 洛拉。
01:06
Lolo's name was Teofilo.
20
66850
2201
洛洛的名字是特奧菲洛。
01:09
When he legally emigrated to America
and became a naturalized citizen,
21
69075
4516
他合法移民到了美国
并成为公民后,
01:13
he changed his name from Teofilo to Ted,
22
73615
3043
把自己的名字改成了泰德,
01:16
after Ted Danson
from the TV show "Cheers."
23
76682
3477
来自电视剧《欢乐酒店》中
泰德·丹森(Ted Danson)的名字——
01:20
Can't get any more American than that.
24
80183
2107
不能比这更有美国味儿了。
01:22
Lolo's favorite song
was Frank Sinatra's "My Way,"
25
82314
3904
洛洛最喜欢的歌是弗兰克·西纳特拉
(Frank Sinatra)的《My Way》,
01:26
and when it came to figuring out
how to get his only grandson, me,
26
86242
4182
当他想把我,他唯一的孙子
01:30
to America,
27
90448
1159
送来美国时,
01:31
he decided to do it his way.
28
91631
1635
他决定用自己的办法。
01:33
According to Lolo, there was no easy
and simple way to get me here,
29
93695
3979
他说,让我入境美国并不容易,
01:37
so Lolo saved up 4,500 dollars --
30
97698
3856
所以他存了 4500 美金——
01:41
that's a lot of money for a security guard
31
101578
2070
对一个保安来说,那是很多钱,
01:43
who made no more than
eight dollars an hour --
32
103672
2169
因为他一个小时
只能赚 8 美元——
01:45
to pay for the fake green card
33
105865
1493
他用这些钱
给我买了个假绿卡,
01:47
and for a smuggler to bring me to the US.
34
107382
2689
并请一个走私者把我带到了美国。
01:50
So that's how I got here.
35
110095
1493
我就是这么到美国的。
01:51
I can't tell you how many times
people tell me that their ancestors
36
111612
3317
我记不清多少人告诉过我,
01:54
came to America "the right way,"
37
114953
2488
他们的祖先是用
“合法的方法”来到美国的。
01:57
to which I remind them,
38
117465
1374
而我总会提醒他们,
01:58
America's definition of "the right way"
39
118863
2505
美国对“合法的方法” 的定义
02:01
has been changing ever since
the first ship of settlers dropped anchor.
40
121392
4617
从第一批移民到来开始
就在不断改变了。
02:06
America as we know it
is more than a piece of land,
41
126898
3441
美国不只是一片土地,
02:10
particularly because the land that now
makes up the United States of America
42
130363
3863
尤其因为构成美国的这片土地
02:14
used to belong to other people
in other countries.
43
134250
2769
曾经属于其他国家的其他人民。
02:17
America as we know it is also
more than a nation of immigrants.
44
137526
5111
我们所认识的美国
也不只是个移民者的国家。
02:22
There are two groups of Americans
who are not immigrants:
45
142661
3910
有两群美国人不是移民:
02:26
Native Americans, who were
indigenous to this land
46
146595
2552
美洲土著, 即美国的原住民,
02:29
and who were killed in acts of genocide;
47
149171
2322
也是在种族灭绝中被屠杀的民族;
02:31
and African Americans,
who were kidnapped, shipped and enslaved
48
151517
3815
以及非洲裔美国人,
一群被绑运、被迫为奴
02:35
to build this country.
49
155356
1870
并建立了这个国家的人。
02:37
America is, above all, an idea,
50
157652
3817
美国,在很大意义上,
只是个理念——
02:41
however unrealized and imperfect,
51
161493
2528
尽管尚未实现且并不完美——
02:44
one that only exists because
the first settlers came here freely
52
164045
4005
这个理念的存在只是因为
来到这里的第一批定居者
02:48
without worry of citizenship.
53
168074
2000
无须担心公民身份的问题。
02:50
So, where did you come from?
54
170469
2094
所以,你从哪里来?
02:52
How did you get here?
55
172923
1219
你是怎么来的?
02:54
Who paid?
56
174651
1170
谁付了钱?
02:55
All across America,
in front of diverse audiences --
57
175845
2771
在美国各地,
在不同的听众面前——
02:58
conservatives and progressives,
58
178640
1507
无论是保守派还是激进派,
03:00
high school students
and senior citizens --
59
180171
2026
高中生还是老年人——
03:02
I've asked those questions.
60
182221
1416
我都问过这些问题。
03:03
As a person of color,
I always get asked where I'm from,
61
183661
2752
作为一个有色人种,
我经常被问从哪里来,
03:06
as in, "Where are you from from?"
62
186437
2451
比如, “你老家是哪里的?”
03:08
So I've asked white people
where they're from from, too.
63
188912
3019
所以我也问白人,
他们的老家是哪里的。
03:12
After asking a student
at the University of Georgia
64
192463
2436
在问了乔治亚大学的一名学生,
03:14
where he was from,
65
194923
1200
他从哪里来之后,
03:16
he said, "I'm American."
66
196147
1821
他说,“我是美国人。"
03:17
"I know," I said,
"but where are you from?"
67
197992
2631
我说, “我知道,但你从哪儿来的呢?”
03:21
"I'm white," he replied.
68
201006
1926
他说, “我是白人。”
03:22
"But white is not a country," I said.
69
202956
2891
我说, “ ‘白人’ 可不是一个国家。
03:25
"Where are your ancestors from?"
70
205871
2089
你的祖先是从哪儿来的?”
03:28
When he replied with a shrug,
71
208428
1731
他耸了耸肩,
03:30
I said,
72
210183
1556
我又说,
03:31
"Well, where did you come from?
73
211763
1657
“那么,你到底从哪儿来的?
03:33
How did you get here? Who paid?"
74
213444
2424
你怎么来到这儿的?谁付的钱?”
03:36
He couldn't answer.
75
216643
1697
他无法回答。
03:38
I don't think you can talk
about America as America
76
218364
2827
我觉得在讨论现在的美国时,
03:41
without answering those
three core questions.
77
221215
3321
我们没有办法回避
这几个核心问题。
03:44
Immigration is America's lifeline,
78
224999
2875
移民是美国的生命线,
03:47
how this country has
replenished itself for centuries,
79
227898
3259
是这个国家这几个世纪下来
还一直流动新血液的原因。
03:51
from the settlers and the revolutionaries
who populated the original 13 colonies
80
231181
4701
从最初定居在十三个州的
定居者和革命者,
03:55
to the millions of immigrants,
predominantly from Europe,
81
235906
3409
到数百万名主要来自欧洲,
03:59
who relentlessly colonized this land.
82
239339
2554
并一直将殖民体系
延续下来的移民者。
04:02
Even though Native Americans
were already here
83
242322
2591
尽管已经在这里的美国原住民
04:04
and had their own tribal identities
and ideas about citizenship,
84
244937
3454
有自己的部落和公民身份概念,
04:08
they were not considered US citizens
until the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act.
85
248415
5654
他们直到 1924 年的 《印地安人公民法案 》
颁布后才被认可为美国公民。
04:14
The landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act
that Black Americans fought for
86
254093
5083
美国黑人不断为之奋斗的、
里程碑式的《1964 年民权法案》,
04:19
inspired the 1965
Immigration and Nationality Act,
87
259200
4278
则催生了《1965 年移民和国籍法》,
04:23
which ended America's
race-based exclusionary system
88
263502
3852
并终结了在美国持续 40 年之久的
04:27
that had lasted for 40 years.
89
267378
2755
基于种族的排他制度。
04:30
I could go on and on here,
90
270569
1942
这样的例子还有很多,
04:32
but my point, my larger point, is this:
91
272535
2972
但我的要点是,
04:36
How much do any of us,
92
276201
1765
我们中有多少人,
04:37
whether immigrants
of the past or the present,
93
277990
2785
不管是昔日还是现时的移民,
04:40
know of these crucial parts
of American history?
94
280799
3279
对美国这些关键历史有所了解?
04:44
How much of this history makes up
the actual US citizenship test?
95
284102
4005
这段历史在多大程度上构成了
真正的美国公民资格测试?
04:48
Have you ever seen it?
96
288470
1251
你们见过吗?
04:49
It's a mostly oral test,
97
289745
1717
基本上大部分是口语测试,
04:51
and government officers ask applicants
up to 10 of the 100 questions.
98
291486
4821
政府官员会从一百个问题当中
选出十个来问。
04:56
To pass, applicants must get
at least six answers right.
99
296331
3799
想要通过,至少要答对六个问题。
05:00
I looked at the test recently,
100
300471
1859
我最近看过了测试题目,
05:02
and I was aghast at the questions posed
101
302354
3166
并对问题内容,以及对这些
05:05
and what constitutes acceptable answers
to the glaring omissions.
102
305544
4139
明显被遗漏的合理答案
感到十分惊讶。
05:09
There's a question about
the Statue of Liberty and where it is.
103
309707
3377
有一个关于自由女神像
和它在哪里的问题,
05:13
There's no question about Ellis Island,
104
313108
2362
却没有关于埃利斯岛,
05:15
about the United States
as an immigrant nation
105
315494
2448
以及美国作为一个移民国家
05:17
and the countless anti-immigrant
laws that were passed.
106
317966
3103
和它所通过的无数
反移民法律的问题。
05:21
There's nothing about
Native American history.
107
321379
2554
完全没有关于美国原住民的问题。
05:24
There's a question about
what Martin Luther King, Jr. did,
108
324250
3536
有一个关于马丁·路德·金的问题,
05:27
but largely, there's inadequate
and irresponsible contexts
109
327810
3488
但在很大程度上,
对非裔美国人的背景描述
05:31
about African Americans.
110
331322
1752
是非常不充分和不负责任的。
05:33
Here's an example.
111
333098
1190
这里有个例子。
05:34
Question number 74
under the American history section
112
334312
4198
美国历史部分的第 74 号问题
05:38
asks applicants to "name one problem
that led to the Civil War."
113
338534
5490
要求申请者
“列举一个导致美国内战的问题”。
05:44
There are three acceptable answers:
114
344048
2740
有三个比较合理的答案:
05:47
slavery,
115
347384
1505
奴隶制、
05:48
states' rights,
116
348913
1808
州权
05:50
economic reasons.
117
350745
2320
和经济原因。
05:53
Did my Lola and Lolo get that question?
118
353399
3184
我的外公外婆
被问到这个问题了吗?
05:56
If they did get the question,
119
356607
1543
如果他们被问到这个问题,
05:58
do they even understand
the history behind it?
120
358174
2521
他们了解这背后的历史吗?
06:01
How about my uncles
and aunties and cousins
121
361058
2192
我的叔叔阿姨和堂兄弟们
06:03
and millions of other immigrants
who had to take that test
122
363274
3284
以及数百万参加这个测试
成为美国人的
06:06
to become Americans?
123
366582
1649
其他移民呢?
06:08
What do immigrants know
about America before we get here?
124
368622
3271
在入境美国前,
那些移民对美国了解多少?
06:12
What kind of citizenship
are we applying for?
125
372439
3581
我们在申请什么样的公民身份?
06:16
And is that the same kind of citizenship
we actually want to be a part of?
126
376044
4360
这跟我们想要获得的公民身份一样吗?
06:21
Come to think of it --
I've been thinking a lot about this --
127
381224
2891
回想起来——我想过很多次——
06:24
what does dignified citizenship look like?
128
384139
3429
有尊严的公民身份是什么样的?
06:27
How can I ask for it when I
just arrived here 26 years ago,
129
387592
4516
我到底应不应该得到这个公民身份?
我来这里才 26 年,
06:32
when Black and Native people
130
392132
1548
而在美国生活了数百年的
06:33
who have been here in America
for hundreds of years
131
393704
2882
黑人和土著人
06:36
are still waiting for theirs?
132
396610
1948
却依然在等待他们的身份。
06:39
One of my favorite writers
is Toni Morrison.
133
399033
2781
托尼·莫里森( Toni Morrison)
是我最喜欢的作家之一。
06:41
In 1996, a year before I found out
I was in the country illegally,
134
401838
4461
1996 年,也就是我发现自己
非法移民身份的前一年,
06:46
my eighth-grade class was assigned
to read "The Bluest Eye,"
135
406323
3007
在八年级的课堂上,我们被要求阅读
《最蓝的眼睛》(“The Bluest Eye”),
06:49
Morrison's first book.
136
409354
1352
莫里森的第一本书。
06:51
Instantly, the book challenged me
to ask hard questions.
137
411172
4259
突然间,这本书向我抛出了
一些很难回答的问题。
06:55
Why does Pecola Breedlove,
138
415455
1690
为什么皮克拉·布莱得拉夫
(Pecola Breedlove)——
06:57
this young Black girl
at the center of the book,
139
417169
2524
书中年轻的黑人女主角——
06:59
why did she want blue eyes?
140
419717
2924
想要蓝色的眼睛?
07:02
Who told her to want it?
141
422665
1690
谁告诉她自己需要蓝眼睛?
07:04
Why did she believe them?
142
424767
1664
她为什么会相信他们?
07:07
Morrison said she wrote the book
to illustrate what happens
143
427066
3310
莫里森说她写这本书,
是为了解释当人们
07:10
when a person surrenders
to what she called "the master narrative."
144
430400
4871
向“主流叙事”屈服时会发生什么。
07:15
"Definitions," Morrison said,
"belong to the definers, not the defined."
145
435676
6471
莫里森说:“定义属于定义者,
而不是被定义者。”
07:23
Once I realized that I was here illegally,
146
443131
2086
在我意识到自己的
非法移民身份后,
07:25
I convinced myself that if I was not
a legal citizen by birth or by law,
147
445241
5598
我说服自己,如果基于出生或按照法律,
我不算是合法公民,
07:30
another kind of citizenship was possible.
148
450863
3232
而另一种公民身份却是可能的。
07:34
Citizenship as participation:
149
454119
2423
作为“参与者:的公民:
07:36
I engage.
150
456566
1223
我参与其中。
07:37
I engage with all kinds of Americans,
even Americans who don't want me here.
151
457813
4423
我和各种各样的美国人打交道,
甚至包括那些不希望我在这里的美国人。
07:42
Citizenship as contribution:
152
462775
2247
作为“贡献者”的公民:
07:45
I give back to my community
in whatever ways I can.
153
465046
3789
我用一切可能的方法回馈我的社区。
07:48
As an undocumented entrepreneur --
and yes, there is such a thing --
154
468859
3701
作为一个没有身份的企业家——
是的,确实有这样的事情——
07:52
I've employed many US citizens.
155
472584
2610
我雇佣了很多美国公民。
07:55
Citizenship as education:
156
475218
2537
作为“接受教育”的公民:
07:57
We can't wait for others
to educate us about the past
157
477779
4106
我们不能等待其他人教授我们历史,
08:01
and how we got to this present.
158
481909
1876
以及我们如何走到了今天。
08:03
We have to educate
ourselves and our circles.
159
483809
3230
我们得教育自己和我们的圈子。
08:07
Citizenship as something
greater than myself:
160
487777
4209
比自身的意义更深远的公民身份:
08:12
We are, I think,
individually and collectively,
161
492010
2805
我们,个人和集体,
08:14
rewriting the master narrative of America.
162
494839
3412
在重写美国的主流叙事。
08:18
The people who were once defined
are now doing the defining.
163
498275
3539
过去被定义的人们
现在成了定义者。
他们在问需要被问的问题。
08:22
They're asking the questions
that need to be asked.
164
502241
2423
08:24
A core part of that redefinition
165
504688
1900
这个重新定义的核心是,
08:26
is how we define
not only who is an American
166
506612
3125
我们不仅会如何定义谁是美国人,
08:29
but what constitutes citizenship.
167
509761
2196
还要定义是什么构成了公民身份。
08:32
Which, to me, is our
responsibility to each other.
168
512277
4181
这对我而言,是我们对彼此的责任。
08:37
So consider your own personal narrative
169
517276
2692
所以,请思考下你自己的个人经历,
08:39
and ask yourself:
170
519992
1198
并且问问自己:
08:41
Where did you come from?
171
521814
1332
你来自哪里?
08:43
How did you get here?
172
523603
1235
你是怎么来这里的?
08:45
Who paid?
173
525726
1268
谁付的钱?
New videos
Original video on YouTube.com
关于本网站
这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。