3 questions to ask yourself about US citizenship | Jose Antonio Vargas

48,256 views

2020-08-24 ・ TED


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3 questions to ask yourself about US citizenship | Jose Antonio Vargas

48,256 views ・ 2020-08-24

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: NaYeun Kim κ²€ν† : Eunice Yunjung Nam
00:12
Four years after arriving in the United States,
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미ꡭ에 였고 4년이 μ§€λ‚œ ν›„
00:16
like any typical 16-year-old,
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ 16μ‚΄ λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•˜λ“―
00:17
I went to get my driver's permit.
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μ €λŠ” μš΄μ „λ©΄ν—ˆμ¦μ„ λ”°λŸ¬ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
After I showed the clerk my immigration papers, my green card,
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μ§μ›μ—κ²Œ 이민자 증λͺ…μ„œμΈ 제 μ˜μ£ΌκΆŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμž
00:24
she told me it was fake.
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그것이 κ°€μ§œλΌκ³  ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
00:26
"Don't come back here again," she said.
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그리고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ‹€μ‹œλŠ” μ—¬κΈ° μ˜€μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”"
00:29
That's how I found out I was in America illegally.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ 미ꡭ에 λΆˆλ²•μ²΄λ₯˜μžλ‘œ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
00:32
And I'm still here illegally.
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μ €λŠ” μ§€κΈˆλ„ λΆˆλ²•μ²΄λ₯˜μž 신뢄이죠.
00:35
I'm a journalist and filmmaker.
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μ €λŠ” 기자이며 μ˜ν™”κ°λ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
I live in stories.
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μ €λŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ νž˜μ„ λ―Ώμ–΄μš”.
00:38
And what I've learned
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μ œκ°€ 이 직업을 톡해 배운 건
00:39
that what most people don't understand about immigration
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 이민에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 것이
00:43
is what they don't understand about themselves:
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 것과 κ°™λ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
their families' old migration stories and the processes they had to go through
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‘°μƒλ“€μ˜ 이주 이야기와 그듀이 κ²ͺμ—ˆλ˜ 과정을 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 것이죠.
00:50
before green cards and walls even existed,
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영주ꢌ과 ꡭ경의 벽이 생기 μ΄μ „μ˜ 이민 κ³Όμ •λ“€ λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
00:53
or what shaped their understanding of citizenship itself.
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λ˜λŠ” μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμžλΌλŠ” 말 μžμ²΄κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 의미λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€λŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
I was born in the Philippines.
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μ €λŠ” ν•„λ¦¬ν•€μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
When I was 12, my mother sent me to live with her parents,
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μ œκ°€ 12μ‚΄ λ•Œ, μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜κ»˜ μ €λ₯Ό λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
my grandparents,
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λ°”λ‘œ 제 μ‘°λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€μ—κ²Œμš”.
01:03
or, as we say in Tagalog, lolo and lola.
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필리핀어인 λ”°κ°ˆλ‘œκ·Έμ–΄λ‘œ λ‘€λ‘œμ™€ λ‘€λΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
Lolo's name was Teofilo.
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둀둜의 성함은 ν…Œμ˜€ν•„λ‘œμ˜€μ£ .
01:09
When he legally emigrated to America and became a naturalized citizen,
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ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” ν•©λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 미ꡭ으둜 μ΄μ£Όν•˜κ³  μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμ„ νšλ“ν•œ ν›„
01:13
he changed his name from Teofilo to Ted,
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이름을 ν…Œμ˜€ν•„λ‘œμ—μ„œ ν…Œλ“œλ‘œ λ°”κΏ¨μ£ .
01:16
after Ted Danson from the TV show "Cheers."
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"μΉ˜μ–΄μŠ€"λΌλŠ” TVμ‡Όμ˜ ν…Œλ“œ λŒ„μŠ¨μ˜ 이름을 λ”΄ 것이죠.
01:20
Can't get any more American than that.
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이것보닀 더 미ꡭ적일 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†κ² μ£ .
01:22
Lolo's favorite song was Frank Sinatra's "My Way,"
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λ‘€λ‘œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” λ…Έλž˜λŠ” ν”„λž­ν¬ μ‹œλ‚΄νŠΈλΌμ˜ "λ‚˜μ˜ κΈΈ"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
and when it came to figuring out how to get his only grandson, me,
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ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” 그의 μœ μΌν•œ μ†μžμΈ μ €λ₯Ό 미ꡭ으둜 λ°λ €μ˜€λŠ” 방법을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄
01:30
to America,
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01:31
he decided to do it his way.
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그만의 길을 찾기둜 λ§ˆμŒλ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
According to Lolo, there was no easy and simple way to get me here,
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λ‘€λ‘œμ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄, 쉽고 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 방법을 찾을 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν•΄μš”.
01:37
so Lolo saved up 4,500 dollars --
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‘€λ‘œλŠ” 4,500λ‹¬λŸ¬ κ°€λŸ‰μ„ λͺ¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
that's a lot of money for a security guard
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μ‹œκ°„λ‹Ή μˆ˜λ‹Ήμ΄ 8λ‹¬λŸ¬λ°–μ— λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”
01:43
who made no more than eight dollars an hour --
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경비원 μ›”κΈ‰μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨μœΌκΈ°μ—λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό 큰 돈이죠.
01:45
to pay for the fake green card
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κ·Έ λˆμ€ κ°€μ§œ μ˜μ£ΌκΆŒμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
01:47
and for a smuggler to bring me to the US.
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미ꡭ으둜 μ €λ₯Ό λ°€μž…κ΅­ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λͺ¨μ€ μžκΈˆμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:50
So that's how I got here.
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ—¬κΈ° 였게 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
01:51
I can't tell you how many times people tell me that their ancestors
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μ €μ—κ²Œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 쑰상듀은 미ꡭ에 올 λ•Œ
01:54
came to America "the right way,"
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"μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 방법"으둜 μ™”λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ°λΌμš”.
01:57
to which I remind them,
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그럴 λ•Œλ©΄ μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ
01:58
America's definition of "the right way"
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미ꡭ이 λ§ν•˜λŠ” "μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 방법"μ΄λž€ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ”
02:01
has been changing ever since the first ship of settlers dropped anchor.
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첫 μ •λ³΅μžκ°€ 미ꡭ에 닻을 내렸을 λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ λ³€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκΈ°μ‹œμΌœ μ£Όμ£ .
02:06
America as we know it is more than a piece of land,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 읡히 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ“―μ΄ 미ꡭ은 땅덩어리 κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ 의미λ₯Ό κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
particularly because the land that now makes up the United States of America
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특히 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λ―Έν•©μ€‘κ΅­μ΄λΌλŠ” 이름을 가진 이 λ‚˜λΌκ°€ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 땅은
02:14
used to belong to other people in other countries.
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ν•œλ•Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ†Œμœ μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
America as we know it is also more than a nation of immigrants.
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미ꡭ은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ΄λ―Όμžλ“€μ˜ κ΅­κ°€λ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
There are two groups of Americans who are not immigrants:
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μ΄λ―Όμžκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ”± 두 λΆ€λ₯˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
Native Americans, who were indigenous to this land
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λ―Έκ΅­ 토착민인 뢁미 원주민듀이 그쀑 ν•œ λΆ€λ₯˜λ‘œ
02:29
and who were killed in acts of genocide;
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그듀은 집단 μ’…μ‘± 학살에 μ˜ν•΄ μ‚΄ν•΄λ˜κ³  λ§μ•˜μ£ .
02:31
and African Americans, who were kidnapped, shipped and enslaved
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λ‹€μŒμ€ 아프리카계 ν‘μΈλ“€λ‘œ 그듀은 λ‚©μΉ˜λ˜μ–΄ 배에 μ‹€λ € λ…Έμ˜ˆλ‘œ 끌렀 μ™”μ£ .
02:35
to build this country.
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이 λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό μ„Έμš°κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
02:37
America is, above all, an idea,
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무엇보닀도 미ꡭ은 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ΄μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
however unrealized and imperfect,
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아직 μ‹€ν˜„λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜κ³  λΆˆμ™„μ „ν•˜λ”λΌλ„
02:44
one that only exists because the first settlers came here freely
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미ꡭ이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ΄μœ λŠ” 첫 번째 μ •λ³΅μžκ°€ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμ˜ κ±±μ • 없이
02:48
without worry of citizenship.
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자유둭게 올 수 μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
02:50
So, where did you come from?
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그럼 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ˜€μ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
02:52
How did you get here?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ™”λ‚˜μš”?
02:54
Who paid?
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λˆ„κ°€ λΉ„μš©μ„ λΆ€λ‹΄ν–ˆμ£ ?
02:55
All across America, in front of diverse audiences --
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ „μ—­μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 청쀑듀 μ•žμ—μ„œ
02:58
conservatives and progressives,
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보수주의자 μ§„λ³΄μ£Όμ˜μž
03:00
high school students and senior citizens --
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학생듀 노인듀 ν•  것 없이
03:02
I've asked those questions.
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μ €λŠ” 이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ„ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:03
As a person of color, I always get asked where I'm from,
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μœ μƒ‰μΈμ’…μΈ μ €μ—κ²Œ 늘 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ™”λŠ”μ§€ λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
as in, "Where are you from from?"
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"μ–΄λŠ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 왔냐?" λž€ μ˜λ―Έλ‘œμš”.
03:08
So I've asked white people where they're from from, too.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 저도 λ°±μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ 그듀이 μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ™”λŠ”μ§€ 물어보곀 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
After asking a student at the University of Georgia
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ν•œλ²ˆμ€ 쑰지아 λŒ€ν•™κ΅ ν•™μƒμ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ””μ„œ 왔냐고 λ¬Όμ–΄λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:14
where he was from,
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03:16
he said, "I'm American."
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆμ–΄μš”. "λ‚˜ 미ꡭ인이야."
03:17
"I know," I said, "but where are you from?"
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μ €λŠ” " μ•Œμ•„" ν•˜κ³  λ‹€μ‹œ λ¬Όμ—ˆμ£ . "μ–΄λŠ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μ™”μ–΄?"
03:21
"I'm white," he replied.
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κ·Έκ°€ "λ‚œ 백인이야"라고 ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
03:22
"But white is not a country," I said.
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μ „ "백인은 λ‚˜λΌκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ•Ό" 라고 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:25
"Where are your ancestors from?"
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"λ„ˆμ˜ 쑰상듀은 μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ™”λ‹ˆ?" 라고 묻자
03:28
When he replied with a shrug,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ–΄κΉ¨λ§Œ μœΌμ“±ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
03:30
I said,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ λ‹€μ‹œ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
"Well, where did you come from?
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"λ„Œ μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ™”λ‹ˆ?
03:33
How did you get here? Who paid?"
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μ—¬κΈ° μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 였게 됐어? λˆ„κ°€ 지원해쀬어?"
03:36
He couldn't answer.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ”λŠ” λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:38
I don't think you can talk about America as America
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μ €λŠ” 미ꡭ을 이야기할 λ•Œ 이 μ„Έ 가지 핡심 질문이 μ—†μ΄λŠ”
03:41
without answering those three core questions.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ΄λž€ λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό 이야기할 수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Immigration is America's lifeline,
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이민은 미ꡭ의 생λͺ…쀄과 같은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
03:47
how this country has replenished itself for centuries,
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λ°”λ‘œ 이 λ‚˜λΌκ°€ μˆ˜λ…„κ°„ λ²ˆμ˜ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
from the settlers and the revolutionaries who populated the original 13 colonies
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첫 κ°œμ²™μžμ™€ κΈ°μ‘΄ 13개 식민지에 κ±°μ£Όν–ˆλ˜ 혁λͺ…κ°€λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ
03:55
to the millions of immigrants, predominantly from Europe,
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쉴 μƒˆ 없이 이 땅을 κ°œμ²™ν•˜λ € ν–ˆλ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μœ λŸ½μΈμ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬
03:59
who relentlessly colonized this land.
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수백만의 μ΄λ―Όμžλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
04:02
Even though Native Americans were already here
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뢁미 원주민듀은 이 땅에 이미 κ±°μ£Όν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
04:04
and had their own tribal identities and ideas about citizenship,
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κ·Έλ“€ λΆ€μ‘±λ§Œμ˜ μ„±ν–₯κ³Ό μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ·Έλ“€λ§Œμ˜ κ°œλ…μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜
04:08
they were not considered US citizens until the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act.
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1942λ…„ 뢁미 원주민 μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒλ²• μ „κΉŒμ§€ 그듀은 λ―Έκ΅­ μ‹œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œ 인정받지 λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ .
04:14
The landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act that Black Americans fought for
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기념비적인 1964λ…„μ˜ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒλ²•μ€ λ―Έκ΅­ 흑인듀이 μ‹Έμ›Œ 이뀄낸 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
04:19
inspired the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act,
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1965λ…„ 이민 κ°œν˜λ²•μ•ˆμ— 영ν–₯을 끼쳀고
04:23
which ended America's race-based exclusionary system
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이전 40λ…„κ°„ μ§€μ†λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 미ꡭ의 인쒅에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ 차별 μ œλ„λ₯Ό
04:27
that had lasted for 40 years.
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μ’…μ‹μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
I could go on and on here,
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ν•  μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ§€λ§Œ
04:32
but my point, my larger point, is this:
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제 말의 핡심은 넓은 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ λ³Ό λ•Œ λ°”λ‘œ 이것이죠.
04:36
How much do any of us,
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우리 쀑 λͺ‡ λͺ…μ΄λ‚˜
04:37
whether immigrants of the past or the present,
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ΄ 과거에 이민을 μ™”λ˜ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  이민을 μ™”λ˜μ§€λ₯Ό λ– λ‚˜
04:40
know of these crucial parts of American history?
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ—­μ‚¬μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 이 뢀뢄에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠλƒλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
How much of this history makes up the actual US citizenship test?
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μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒ 취득 μ‹œν—˜μ΄ 이 λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 역사λ₯Ό μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:48
Have you ever seen it?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 μ‹œν—˜μ„ λ³Έ 적 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
04:49
It's a mostly oral test,
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μ‹œν—˜μ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ κ΅¬λ‘λ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λ©°
04:51
and government officers ask applicants up to 10 of the 100 questions.
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곡무원이 μ§€μ›μžμ—κ²Œ 100개 쀑 10개 μ •λ„μ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
To pass, applicants must get at least six answers right.
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μ‹œν—˜μ— ν•©κ²©ν•˜λ €λ©΄ μ§€μ›μžλŠ” 적어도 6개의 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— 정닡을 λ§žν˜€μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
05:00
I looked at the test recently,
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μ œκ°€ μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ‹œν—˜ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ λ³΄μ•˜λŠ”λ°
05:02
and I was aghast at the questions posed
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주어진 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ— 경악을 금치 λͺ»ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:05
and what constitutes acceptable answers to the glaring omissions.
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μ •λ‹΅μœΌλ‘œ ν¬ν•¨λ˜λŠ” μ˜ˆμƒ λ‹΅ 쀑 노골적인 λˆ„λ½μ΄ μžˆλ”κ΅°μš”.
05:09
There's a question about the Statue of Liberty and where it is.
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자유의 여신상이 μ–΄λ”” μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:13
There's no question about Ellis Island,
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μ—˜λ¦¬μŠ€μ„¬μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:15
about the United States as an immigrant nation
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μ΄λ―Όμžλ“€λ‘œ 이뀄진 λ―Έκ΅­μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ
05:17
and the countless anti-immigrant laws that were passed.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λ°˜μ΄λ―Όλ²•μ„ ν†΅κ³Όμ‹œμΌ°λ‹€λŠ” 사싀에 λŒ€ν•œ μ–΄λ–€ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ„ μ—†μ—ˆκ³ μš”.
05:21
There's nothing about Native American history.
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뢁미 μ›μ£Όλ―Όμ˜ 역사에 κ΄€ν•œ 것도 ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
05:24
There's a question about what Martin Luther King, Jr. did,
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λ§ˆν‹΄ 루터 킹이 μ–΄λ–€ 일을 ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
05:27
but largely, there's inadequate and irresponsible contexts
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λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ λ―Έκ΅­ 흑인듀과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ€μ μ ˆν•˜κ³  λ¬΄μ±…μž„ν•œ λ§₯락의 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
about African Americans.
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05:33
Here's an example.
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예λ₯Ό 듀어보죠.
05:34
Question number 74 under the American history section
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질문 번호 74번 λ―Έκ΅­ 역사 λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
asks applicants to "name one problem that led to the Civil War."
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μ§€μ›μžμ—κ²Œ λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ‚¨λΆμ „μŸμ˜ 발발 이유λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ λŒ€μ‹œμ˜€"
05:44
There are three acceptable answers:
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이 질문의 μ μ ˆν•œ μ •λ‹΅ μ„Έ κ°œλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
slavery,
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λ…Έμ˜ˆ 문제,
05:48
states' rights,
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주ꢌ,
05:50
economic reasons.
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경제적 μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
Did my Lola and Lolo get that question?
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둀라와 λ‘€λ‘œλŠ” 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μ•˜μ„κΉŒμš”?
05:56
If they did get the question,
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λ§Œμ•½ 그듀이 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μ•˜λ‹€λ©΄
05:58
do they even understand the history behind it?
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이 질문의 역사적 배경을 그듀이 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” ν• κΉŒμš”?
λ―Έκ΅­ μ‹œλ―Όμ΄ 되기 μœ„ν•΄ 이 μ‹œν—˜μ„ μΉ˜λŸ¬μ•Ό ν–ˆλ˜
06:01
How about my uncles and aunties and cousins
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06:03
and millions of other immigrants who had to take that test
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μ €μ˜ μ‚Όμ΄Œλ“€, 이λͺ¨λ“€, μ‚¬μ΄Œλ“€ 그리고 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ΄λ―ΌμžλŠ”
06:06
to become Americans?
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:08
What do immigrants know about America before we get here?
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이 땅에 였기 μ „ μ΄λ―Όμžλ“€μ€ 미ꡭ에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ–€ κ±Έ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:12
What kind of citizenship are we applying for?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμ„ μ‹ μ²­ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
06:16
And is that the same kind of citizenship we actually want to be a part of?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  싢은 그런 μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒκ³Ό 같은 κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
06:21
Come to think of it -- I've been thinking a lot about this --
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생각해보면 μ „ 이 μ£Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 생각을 많이 ν•΄μ™”μ–΄μš”.
06:24
what does dignified citizenship look like?
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ν’ˆμœ„ μžˆλŠ” μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμ΄λž€ μ–΄λ–€ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒ?
06:27
How can I ask for it when I just arrived here 26 years ago,
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26λ…„ μ „ 미ꡭ에 왔을 λ•Œ μ œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ² μ–΄μš”.
06:32
when Black and Native people
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흑인과 원주민듀이
06:33
who have been here in America for hundreds of years
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이 λ―Έκ΅­ 땅에 수백 년을 κ±°μ£Όν•΄ μ™”μŒμ—λ„
06:36
are still waiting for theirs?
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‹œλ―Όμ΄ 되기λ₯Ό 기닀리고 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
06:39
One of my favorite writers is Toni Morrison.
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ν† λ‹ˆ λͺ¨λ¦¬μŠ¨μ€ μ œκ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” μž‘κ°€ 쀑 ν•œ λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
In 1996, a year before I found out I was in the country illegally,
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1996년은 μ œκ°€ λΆˆλ²• κ±°μ£Όμžλž€ 사싀을 μ•ŒκΈ° 일 λ…„ μ „μœΌλ‘œ
06:46
my eighth-grade class was assigned to read "The Bluest Eye,"
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μ €λŠ” 쀑학ꡐ 2ν•™λ…„μ΄μ—ˆκ³  μˆ™μ œλ‘œ "κ°€μž₯ ν‘Έλ₯Έ 눈"을 μ½μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:49
Morrison's first book.
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ν† λ‹ˆ λͺ¨λ¦¬μŠ¨μ˜ 첫 μ±…μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
06:51
Instantly, the book challenged me to ask hard questions.
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κ·Έ 책은 μ½λŠ” μˆœκ°„ 제게 μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜λ„λ‘ν•˜λ©° μ €λ₯Ό μžκ·Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:55
Why does Pecola Breedlove,
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μ™œ 피골라 λΈŒλ¦¬λ“œλŸ¬λΈŒ λΌλŠ”
06:57
this young Black girl at the center of the book,
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 쀑심에 μžˆλŠ” 이 μ–΄λ¦° 흑인 μ—¬μžμ•„μ΄λŠ”
06:59
why did she want blue eyes?
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νŒŒλž€ λˆˆμ„ 가지고 μ‹Άμ–΄ ν–ˆλ˜ 걸까?
07:02
Who told her to want it?
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λˆ„κ°€ κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό λΆ€μΆ”κΈ΄ 걸까?
07:04
Why did she believe them?
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ™œ λ‚¨λ“€μ˜ 말을 λ―Ώμ—ˆμ„κΉŒ?
07:07
Morrison said she wrote the book to illustrate what happens
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λͺ¨λ¦¬μŠ¨μ€ 이 책을
인간이 "κ±°λŒ€ μ„œμ‚¬"에 항볡할 λ•Œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” 일을 보여주렀 썼닀고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
when a person surrenders to what she called "the master narrative."
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07:15
"Definitions," Morrison said, "belong to the definers, not the defined."
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λͺ¨λ¦¬μŠ¨μ€ "μ •μ˜λŠ” μ •μ˜ λ‹Ήν•œ μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ μ •μ˜ν•œ μžμ—κ²Œ μ†ν•œλ‹€"라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
Once I realized that I was here illegally,
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μ œκ°€ λΆˆλ²•μ²΄λ₯˜μžλΌλŠ” 사싀을 κΉ¨λ‹«κ³ 
07:25
I convinced myself that if I was not a legal citizen by birth or by law,
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μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ μΆœμƒμ΄λ‚˜ 법에 μ˜ν•œ μ •λ‹Ήν•œ 법적 μ‹œλ―Όμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ
07:30
another kind of citizenship was possible.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμžκ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  제 μžμ‹ μ„ μ„€λ“ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:34
Citizenship as participation:
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μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œλ―Ό.
07:36
I engage.
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μ €λŠ” ꡐλ₯˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
I engage with all kinds of Americans, even Americans who don't want me here.
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μ €λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 미ꡭ인듀, 심지어 μ €λ₯Ό μ›ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 미ꡭ인듀과도 ꡐλ₯˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
Citizenship as contribution:
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μ‚¬νšŒμ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œλ―Ό.
07:45
I give back to my community in whatever ways I can.
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μ €λŠ” μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ— μ œκ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œλ“  ν™˜μ›ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
As an undocumented entrepreneur -- and yes, there is such a thing --
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λΆˆλ²• 기업인 μ‹ λΆ„μœΌλ‘œμ„œ, λ„€, 그런 신뢄이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
I've employed many US citizens.
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μ €λŠ” λ§Žμ€ λ―Έκ΅­ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμžλ₯Ό κ³ μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
Citizenship as education:
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κ΅μœ‘μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒ.
07:57
We can't wait for others to educate us about the past
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ 우리λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ£ΌκΈ°λ§Œμ„ 기닀릴 순 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
우리의 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ³Όκ±°μ„Έμ–΄λΆ€ν„° ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ 였게 λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
08:01
and how we got to this present.
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08:03
We have to educate ourselves and our circles.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 슀슀둜 μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 우리 μ£Όλ³€μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ΅μœ‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
Citizenship as something greater than myself:
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λ‚˜ μžμ‹  κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ λ¬΄μ—‡μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ‹œλ―Ό.
08:12
We are, I think, individually and collectively,
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제 생각에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°œλ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 그리고 μ„ νƒμ μœΌλ‘œ
08:14
rewriting the master narrative of America.
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미ꡭ의 κ±°λŒ€μ„œμ‚¬λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ“°κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
The people who were once defined are now doing the defining.
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과거에 의미λ₯Ό 타인에 μ˜ν•΄ μ •μ˜λ°›λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이제 의미λ₯Ό μ •μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
08:22
They're asking the questions that need to be asked.
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μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ§€κ³  있죠.
08:24
A core part of that redefinition
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의미 μž¬μ •μ˜ 핡심은
08:26
is how we define not only who is an American
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λˆ„κ°€ 미ꡭ인인가λ₯Ό μ •μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:29
but what constitutes citizenship.
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μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ μ§„μ •ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό μ •μ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
08:32
Which, to me, is our responsibility to each other.
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μ €μ—κ²Œ κ·Έ μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ„œλ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ±…μž„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
So consider your own personal narrative
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžμ‹ μ˜ 개인적인 μ„œμ‚¬λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•˜λ©°
08:39
and ask yourself:
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μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:41
Where did you come from?
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λ‚˜λŠ” μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œ μ™”λŠ”κ°€?
08:43
How did you get here?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 여기에 였게 λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”κ°€?
08:45
Who paid?
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λˆ„κ°€ λΉ„μš©μ„ λΆ€λ‹΄ν–ˆλŠ”κ°€?
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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