3 questions to ask yourself about US citizenship | Jose Antonio Vargas

48,256 views ใƒป 2020-08-24

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Fairouz Ibrahim ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Shlomo Adam
00:12
Four years after arriving in the United States,
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ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
00:16
like any typical 16-year-old,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื ืขืจ ื‘ืŸ 16,
00:17
I went to get my driver's permit.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.
00:20
After I showed the clerk my immigration papers, my green card,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœืคืงื™ื“ื” ืืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™, ื”ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืงืืจื“ ืฉืœื™,
00:24
she told me it was fake.
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ.
00:26
"Don't come back here again," she said.
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"ืืœ ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืืŸ ืฉื•ื‘," ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”.
00:29
That's how I found out I was in America illegally.
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ื›ืš ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืฉื”ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™,
00:32
And I'm still here illegally.
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ื•ืฉืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™.
00:35
I'm a journalist and filmmaker.
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ืื ื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื•ืงื•ืœื ื•ืขืŸ.
00:36
I live in stories.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
00:38
And what I've learned
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
00:39
that what most people don't understand about immigration
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจื”
00:43
is what they don't understand about themselves:
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ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื:
00:46
their families' old migration stories and the processes they had to go through
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
00:50
before green cards and walls even existed,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืงืืจื“ ื•ื—ื•ืžื•ืช,
00:53
or what shaped their understanding of citizenship itself.
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ืื• ืžื” ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืชื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฆื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช.
00:57
I was born in the Philippines.
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื.
00:59
When I was 12, my mother sent me to live with her parents,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 12, ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื’ื•ืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”,
01:02
my grandparents,
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ื”ืกื‘ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื™,
01:03
or, as we say in Tagalog, lolo and lola.
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ืื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื’ืœื•ื’, "ืœื•ืœื•" ื•"ืœื•ืœื”".
01:06
Lolo's name was Teofilo.
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ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืื•ืคื™ืœื•.
01:09
When he legally emigrated to America and became a naturalized citizen,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื’ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืื–ืจื— ืืžื™ืชื™,
01:13
he changed his name from Teofilo to Ted,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืฉืžื• ืžื˜ืื•ืคื™ืœื• ืœื˜ื“,
01:16
after Ted Danson from the TV show "Cheers."
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ืขืœ ืฉื ื˜ื“ ื“ื ืกื•ืŸ ืžืกื“ืจืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” "ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจ".
01:20
Can't get any more American than that.
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ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžื–ื”.
01:22
Lolo's favorite song was Frank Sinatra's "My Way,"
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ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืœื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื” "ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™" ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืง ืกื™ื ื˜ืจื”,
01:26
and when it came to figuring out how to get his only grandson, me,
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ื•ื›ืฉืขืœื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื ื›ื“ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืื•ืชื™,
01:30
to America,
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ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”,
01:31
he decided to do it his way.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•.
01:33
According to Lolo, there was no easy and simple way to get me here,
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืœื•ืœื•, ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืงืœื” ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ,
01:37
so Lolo saved up 4,500 dollars --
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ืื– ืœื•ืœื• ื—ืกืš 4,500 ื“ื•ืœืจ --
01:41
that's a lot of money for a security guard
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ืœืžืื‘ื˜ื—
01:43
who made no more than eight dollars an hour --
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ืฉืœื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉืขื” --
01:45
to pay for the fake green card
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ืขืœ ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืงืืจื“ ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ
01:47
and for a smuggler to bring me to the US.
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ื•ืขืœ ืžื‘ืจื™ื— ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืืจื”"ื‘.
01:50
So that's how I got here.
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ืื– ื›ื›ื” ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ.
01:51
I can't tell you how many times people tell me that their ancestors
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื
01:54
came to America "the right way,"
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืžืจื™ืงื” "ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”,"
01:57
to which I remind them,
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ื•ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ื,
01:58
America's definition of "the right way"
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ืฉื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœ"ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”"
02:01
has been changing ever since the first ship of settlers dropped anchor.
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ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ืžืื– ืฉืกืคื™ื ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืœื” ืขื•ื’ืŸ.
02:06
America as we know it is more than a piece of land,
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ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืื“ืžื”,
02:10
particularly because the land that now makes up the United States of America
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”
02:14
used to belong to other people in other countries.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
02:17
America as we know it is also more than a nation of immigrants.
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ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื.
02:22
There are two groups of Americans who are not immigrants:
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื:
02:26
Native Americans, who were indigenous to this land
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ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื, ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช
02:29
and who were killed in acts of genocide;
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ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื• ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืจืฆื—-ืขื;
02:31
and African Americans, who were kidnapped, shipped and enslaved
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ื•ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื, ืฉื ื—ื˜ืคื•, ื”ื•ื‘ืœื• ื•ืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื•
02:35
to build this country.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช.
02:37
America is, above all, an idea,
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ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื, ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
02:41
however unrealized and imperfect,
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ืœื ืžืžื•ืžืฉ ื•ืœื ืžื•ืฉืœื,
02:44
one that only exists because the first settlers came here freely
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ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช
02:48
without worry of citizenship.
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.ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืื–ืจื—ื•ืช
02:50
So, where did you come from?
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืช?
02:52
How did you get here?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืช ืœื›ืืŸ?
02:54
Who paid?
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ืžื™ ืฉื™ืœื?
02:55
All across America, in front of diverse audiences --
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืžื•ืœ ืงื”ืœื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื --
02:58
conservatives and progressives,
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ืฉืžืจื ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื,
03:00
high school students and senior citizens --
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ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื --
03:02
I've asked those questions.
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
03:03
As a person of color, I always get asked where I'm from,
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ื›ืื“ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™, ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืžืื™ืŸ ืื ื™,
03:06
as in, "Where are you from from?"
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ื›ืžื• ื‘"ืžืื™ืŸ ืืชื”?"
03:08
So I've asked white people where they're from from, too.
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ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืžืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื.
03:12
After asking a student at the University of Georgia
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื”
03:14
where he was from,
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ืžืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื,
03:16
he said, "I'm American."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™."
03:17
"I know," I said, "but where are you from?"
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"ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข," ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื‘ืœ ืžืื™ืŸ ืืชื”?"
03:21
"I'm white," he replied.
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"ืื ื™ ืœื‘ืŸ," ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”.
03:22
"But white is not a country," I said.
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"ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ื™ื ื”," ืืžืจืชื™.
03:25
"Where are your ancestors from?"
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"ืžืื™ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ืš?"
03:28
When he replied with a shrug,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื,
03:30
I said,
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ืืžืจืชื™,
03:31
"Well, where did you come from?
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"ืื– ืžืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืช?
03:33
How did you get here? Who paid?"
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"ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ื ื”? ืžื™ ืฉื™ืœื?"
03:36
He couldn't answer.
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
03:38
I don't think you can talk about America as America
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืืžืจื™ืงื”
03:41
without answering those three core questions.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”.
03:44
Immigration is America's lifeline,
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ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
03:47
how this country has replenished itself for centuries,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ืžื–ื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
03:51
from the settlers and the revolutionaries who populated the original 13 colonies
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื›ืœืกื• ืืช 13 ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช
03:55
to the millions of immigrants, predominantly from Europe,
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
03:59
who relentlessly colonized this land.
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ืฉื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืœืœื ืœืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:02
Even though Native Americans were already here
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
04:04
and had their own tribal identities and ideas about citizenship,
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ืขื ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช,
04:08
they were not considered US citizens until the 1924 Indian Citizenship Act.
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ื”ื ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืขื“ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ืช ืž-1924
04:14
The landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act that Black Americans fought for
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ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื— ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืž-1964 ืฉืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื ืœื—ืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื•
04:19
inspired the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act,
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ื ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืž-1965,
04:23
which ended America's race-based exclusionary system
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ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™-ื”ื”ื›ืœืœื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช-ื”ื’ื–ืข ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
04:27
that had lasted for 40 years.
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ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื” 40 ืฉื ื”.
04:30
I could go on and on here,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“,
04:32
but my point, my larger point, is this:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™, ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
04:36
How much do any of us,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
04:37
whether immigrants of the past or the present,
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ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืื• ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”,
04:40
know of these crucial parts of American history?
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ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช?
04:44
How much of this history makes up the actual US citizenship test?
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘?
04:48
Have you ever seen it?
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ื”ืื ืื™-ืคืขื ืจืื™ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
04:49
It's a mostly oral test,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”,
04:51
and government officers ask applicants up to 10 of the 100 questions.
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ืฉืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ 10 ืžืชื•ืš 100 ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•.
04:56
To pass, applicants must get at least six answers right.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ, ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
05:00
I looked at the test recently,
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
05:02
and I was aghast at the questions posed
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื–ื•ืขื–ืข ืžื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื•,
05:05
and what constitutes acceptable answers to the glaring omissions.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช.
05:09
There's a question about the Statue of Liberty and where it is.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืคืกืœ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•.
05:13
There's no question about Ellis Island,
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืืœื™ืก ืื™ื™ืœื ื“,
05:15
about the United States as an immigrant nation
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ืขืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืื•ืžืช ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื
05:17
and the countless anti-immigrant laws that were passed.
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ื•ืขืœ ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื ื’ื“ ื”ื’ื™ืจื”.
05:21
There's nothing about Native American history.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช.
05:24
There's a question about what Martin Luther King, Jr. did,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืคื•ืขืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’ ื”ื‘ืŸ,
05:27
but largely, there's inadequate and irresponsible contexts
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืกืจ-ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
05:31
about African Americans.
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ืขืœ ื”ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื.
05:33
Here's an example.
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
05:34
Question number 74 under the American history section
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ืฉืืœื” ืžืกืคืจ 74 ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช
05:38
asks applicants to "name one problem that led to the Civil War."
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ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžื”ืคื•ื ื™ื "ื ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื"
05:44
There are three acceptable answers:
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช:
05:47
slavery,
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ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช,
05:48
states' rights,
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ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
05:50
economic reasons.
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ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
05:53
Did my Lola and Lolo get that question?
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ื”ืื ืœื•ืœื” ื•ืœื•ืœื• ืฉืœื™ ื™ื™ืฉืืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช?
05:56
If they did get the question,
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ืื ื”ื ื™ื™ืฉืืœื•,
05:58
do they even understand the history behind it?
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ื”ืื ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”?
06:01
How about my uncles and aunties and cousins
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ื•ืžื” ืขื ื”ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื”ื“ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื•ื“ื ื™ื
06:03
and millions of other immigrants who had to take that test
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ื•ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
06:06
to become Americans?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื?
06:08
What do immigrants know about America before we get here?
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ืžื” ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ื”ื ื”?
06:12
What kind of citizenship are we applying for?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื?
06:16
And is that the same kind of citizenship we actually want to be a part of?
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ื•ื”ืื ื–ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื” ื—ืœืง?
06:21
Come to think of it -- I've been thinking a lot about this --
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ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” -- ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” --
06:24
what does dignified citizenship look like?
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ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช?
06:27
How can I ask for it when I just arrived here 26 years ago,
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ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื”, ืื ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ื”ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ 26 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
06:32
when Black and Native people
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื
06:33
who have been here in America for hundreds of years
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื
06:36
are still waiting for theirs?
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื?
06:39
One of my favorite writers is Toni Morrison.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื•ืคืจื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ.
06:41
In 1996, a year before I found out I was in the country illegally,
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ื‘-1996, ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™,
06:46
my eighth-grade class was assigned to read "The Bluest Eye,"
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ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื›ื™ืชื” ื—' ืฉืœื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช "ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื›ื—ื•ืœื”",
06:49
Morrison's first book.
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ืกืคืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ.
06:51
Instantly, the book challenged me to ask hard questions.
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ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื•ืจืจ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช.
06:55
Why does Pecola Breedlove,
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ืœืžื” ืคืงื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื™ื“ืœืื‘,
06:57
this young Black girl at the center of the book,
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ื”ื ืขืจื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกืคืจ,
06:59
why did she want blue eyes?
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ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื•ืช?
07:02
Who told her to want it?
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ืžื™ ืืžืจ ืœื” ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
07:04
Why did she believe them?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืœื•?
07:07
Morrison said she wrote the book to illustrate what happens
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ืžื•ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
07:10
when a person surrenders to what she called "the master narrative."
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ื›ืฉืื“ื ื ื›ื ืข ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื ืชื” "ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™".
07:15
"Definitions," Morrison said, "belong to the definers, not the defined."
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"ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช", ืืžืจื” ืžื•ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ, "ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื, ืœื ืœืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื"
07:23
Once I realized that I was here illegally,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™,
07:25
I convinced myself that if I was not a legal citizen by birth or by law,
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ืฉื›ื ืขืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืื ืื™ื ื ื™ ืื–ืจื— ืžืœื™ื“ื” ืื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง,
07:30
another kind of citizenship was possible.
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช.
07:34
Citizenship as participation:
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ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื›ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช:
07:36
I engage.
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘.
07:37
I engage with all kinds of Americans, even Americans who don't want me here.
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ.
07:42
Citizenship as contribution:
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ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื›ืชืจื•ืžื”:
07:45
I give back to my community in whatever ways I can.
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ืื ื™ ืชื•ืจื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉืื•ื›ืœ.
07:48
As an undocumented entrepreneur -- and yes, there is such a thing --
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ื›ื™ื–ื ืœื ืžืชื•ืขื“ -- ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” --
07:52
I've employed many US citizens.
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ื”ืขืกืงืชื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
07:55
Citizenship as education:
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ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื›ื—ื™ื ื•ืš:
07:57
We can't wait for others to educate us about the past
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื ื›ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจ
08:01
and how we got to this present.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ื”.
08:03
We have to educate ourselves and our circles.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
08:07
Citizenship as something greater than myself:
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ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื™:
08:12
We are, I think, individually and collectively,
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ืื ื—ื ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
08:14
rewriting the master narrative of America.
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ืžืฉื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
08:18
The people who were once defined are now doing the defining.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
08:22
They're asking the questions that need to be asked.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ.
08:24
A core part of that redefinition
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ื—ืœืง ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ
08:26
is how we define not only who is an American
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืžื™ื”ื• ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™,
08:29
but what constitutes citizenship.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืžื”ื™ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช.
08:32
Which, to me, is our responsibility to each other.
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื–ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื•ืœืชื•.
08:37
So consider your own personal narrative
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ืื– ืชืฉืงืœื• ืžื”ื• ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื›ื
08:39
and ask yourself:
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ื•ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื:
08:41
Where did you come from?
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ืžืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืช?
08:43
How did you get here?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ื ื”?
08:45
Who paid?
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ืžื™ ืฉื™ืœื ?
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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