How quinoa can help combat hunger and malnutrition | Cedric Habiyaremye

翻译人员: 校对人员: Helen Chang

Like so many of you,

像你们当中许多人一样，

when I'm hungry, I open the fridge

当我饿了时， 就会随时打开冰箱，

and get myself something to eat any time I want.

给自己拿点吃的。

This is something most of us who live in a developed country

这是我们大多数生活在发达国家的人

don't think much about.

不怎么要去多想的事情。

However, it is a luxury that I didn't think I would ever have in my life

但这却是 23 年前 住在坦桑尼亚难民营时的我

when I lived in a refugee camp in Tanzania 23 years ago,

从未奢望过的奢侈。

or even seven years ago,

甚至 7 年前移居美国之前，

when I was living in my home country of Rwanda

生活在我的祖国卢旺达时

before I moved to the USA.

也是如此。

I was only seven years old

在我七岁的时候，

when my home country of Rwanda went through the tragedy of the genocide

我的祖国卢旺达经历了 种族大屠杀的悲剧，

that took so many lives,

很多人死于非命，

and they made us flee the country, and we became refugees.

这些悲剧使我们不得不逃离 自己的祖国，成为了难民。

Life in a refugee camp -- it wasn't life.

难民营里的生活不能叫生活，

It was survival.

就是活命而已。

I saw a lot of people dying from disease, poor sanitation,

我看到很多人死于疾病、 恶劣的卫生条件

hunger.

和饥饿。

Food became a rare commodity.

食物成了稀缺品。

那时的日子真难过。

There were bad days.

My family and I would survive on the leaves and grasses from the forest.

我和我的家人靠吃 森林里的树叶和草维持生存。

There were also worse times,

还有更糟糕的时候，

when we would go two or three days without anything to eat at all,

我们两三天都没一点东西吃，

only drinking water from the swamp.

只喝沼泽里的水。

After three years in a refugee camp,

在难民营呆了三年之后，

we decided to return back to Rwanda.

我们决定返回卢旺达。

And our struggle with food continued.

我们为了食物的斗争还在继续。

However, farming proved to be the only reliable source of food.

农业被证明是唯一可靠的食物来源。

But our food lacked the nutritional diversity,

但我们的食物缺乏营养上的多样性，

and we continued to depend on food assistance

我们继续依赖联合国 世界粮食计划署的食品援助

from the United Nations World Food Program

to balance our diet.

来平衡我们的饮食。

Still today, more than 70 percent of Rwandans,

时至今日，仍有 70% 以上的卢旺达人务农。

they work in the agriculture sector.

But malnutrition and stunting remain rampant.

但是营养不良和发育迟缓仍很严重。

I came to realize that food insecurity and malnutrition

我逐渐意识到， 缺乏粮食安全和营养不良

were not happening because people were not farming enough;

不是因为人们没有充分耕作而发生，

it was because people were not farming the right crops.

而是因为人们没有种植合适的作物。

I eventually left Rwanda

我最终离开了卢旺达，

and moved to the USA for graduate school

搬到美国读研究生，

and discovered the possible solution to that problem.

发现了可能解决这个问题的办法。

And that solution is quinoa.

这个解决办法就是藜麦。

Quinoa is indigenous to the Indian regions of South America,

藜麦原产于南美洲的印地安地区，

in countries like Bolivia, Peru ...

在玻利维亚、秘鲁等国......

And it's very well-known for its powerhouse nutrient,

它以其强效的营养素而闻名，

and the crop has all the nine essential amino acids,

此作物含有所有九种 人体必需的氨基酸，

making it a complete protein.

使其成为一种完整的蛋白质源。

But unfortunately, quinoa is not cultivated as much

但不幸的是，藜麦在世界 不同地区的种植量并不大。

in different parts of the world.

In Rwanda, for example,

例如，在卢旺达，

beans are the only thing that kept so many of us alive

豆类是唯一能让我们许多人 在饥饿和饥荒中活下来的东西。

during those times of hunger and starvation.

As a matter of fact,

事实上，

Rwanda is the number one beans-consuming country

卢旺达是世界上人均 豆类消费量第一的国家。

in the world per capita.

In this part of Africa,

在非洲的这部分地区，

beans are one of the only crops that provide immediate food source,

豆类是仅有的几种能提供 直接食物来源的作物之一，

because you can eat beans at every stage of growth.

因为豆类的整个生长阶段都可食。

We eat beans, leaves and green beans before harvest.

我们在收获前吃豆叶和青豆。

Unfortunately, you cannot cultivate beans

不幸的是，你不能一季又一季地 在同一块地里种植豆类。

in the same field season after season.

You need to ensure there is regular rotation

你需要确保定期轮换作物 以避免病虫害。

to avoid disease and pests.

Like beans, farmers can enjoy the nutritious quinoa leaves.

和豆类一样，农民可以享受 营养丰富的藜麦叶。

While beans are considered nutritious,

虽然豆类被认为是有营养的，

quinoa has far more micronutrients,

藜麦含有更多的微量营养素，

and with quinoa, you can make many [more] different food products and drinks

用藜麦你可以比豆类制作出 更多不同的食品和饮料。

than beans.

In 2015,

2015年，

alongside my research team at Washington State University,

我与华盛顿州立大学的研究团队一起

we introduced quinoa in Rwanda for the first time.

首次在卢旺达引入了藜麦。

We tested 20 varieties of quinoa

我们测试了20个藜麦品种，以了解 其在卢旺达三个生态区的适应性。

to see the adaptability in three ecological zones of Rwanda.

And the results were astonishing.

结果令人惊讶。

Among the 20 varieties we tested,

在我们测试的20个品种中，

15 of them showed the potential to grow well in Rwanda's climate.

有15个显示出在卢旺达的气候下 良好生长的潜力。

And later, we started Quinoa Model Farmers Program.

后来，我们启动了藜麦示范农户计划。

We gave those potential varieties to farmers

我们把这些有潜力的品种 交给农民在他们的农场和社区里种植。

to grow in their farm and community.

We started with 12 farmers,

我们从12个农民开始，

and three years later,

三年后，我们现在与大约500个农民合作，

we are now working with around 500 farmers,

including my mother,

包括我的母亲，她在当地 被称为“藜麦女王”，

who is locally known as "the queen of quinoa"

because of her work in helping other farmers adopt this crop.

因为她帮助其他农民采用这种作物。

We give them seeds,

我们给他们种子，训练他们 如何种植和烹饪藜麦。

train them how to grow it and how to cook it.

And farmers are pretty creative,

农民们很有创造力， 想出了自己的食谱。

coming up with recipes of their own.

And we've started seeing remarkable changes in their lives,

我们已开始看到他们生活的显著变化， 包括成功的故事，

including success stories

that many of them can now have access to nutritious food three times a day.

他们中的许多人现在可以 一天吃三次有营养的食物。

I'd like to note that quinoa

我想指出，种植藜麦并不是 要完全取代其他作物。

is not meant to entirely [push out] other crops.

We introduced quinoa as a supplement

我们引入藜麦作为一种补充，

to create overall health and nutrition,

以创造全面的健康和营养条件，

完善饮食来对抗慢性营养不良。

rounding out diet to combat chronic malnutrition.

We have started this model with quinoa in Rwanda,

我们在卢旺达用藜麦开启了这一模式，

but it can be replicated in different countries

这种模式可以复制到那些 经历饥饿和营养不良的不同国家。

experiencing hunger and malnutrition.

About one in nine people in the world suffer from chronic malnutrition.

世界上大约九分之一的人 患有长期营养不良。

We have started research collaboration

我们已经开始与一些国家的机构 进行研究合作，

with institutions in countries like Kenya, Malawi, Uganda

像肯尼亚、马拉维、乌干达 以及其他遭受饥饿和营养不良的国家。

and other countries experiencing hunger and malnutrition.

And quinoa isn't the only magic crop.

藜麦并不是唯一的神奇作物。

There are several crops with high adaptability

有几种作物适应性强， 并且具有营养价值，

and nutritional value,

crops like millet, sorghum, fonio, barley, oat, to name a few.

如谷子、高粱、直长马唐、 大麦和燕麦是几个例子。

These crops have high adaptability and respond well to climate change.

这些作物适应性强， 对气候变化反应良好。

You can grow these magic crops in different parts of the world,

你可以在世界上不同的地方 种植这些神奇的作物，

bridging the gap, so that there is accessible nutritious food for everyone.

缩小差距，这样每个人 都能得到营养丰富的食物。

I know how it feels to be hungry.

我知道饥饿的感觉，我尝过那滋味。

I've been there.

And I know how it feels to be malnourished,

我知道营养不良的感觉 因为我也曾经历过。

because I've been there, too.

Introducing crops with high biodiversity, adaptability and nutritional value

引进具有高度生物多样性、 适应性和营养价值的作物，

will play an important role in creating food security,

将在创造粮食安全、维护种子主权

seed sovereignty and sustainable production

和可持续生产方面

in communities and countries that are experiencing hunger and malnutrition.

在遭受饥饿和营养不良的 社区和国家发挥重要作用。

Having nutritious food should not be a luxury.

吃有营养的食物不应该是一种奢侈。

There is a need to ensure that there is accessible and affordable nutritious food

需要确保有可获得和负担得起的 营养食品，来供给每个人。

for everyone.

And this is a step towards making it a reality.

这是朝着实现这一目标迈出的一步。

Thank you.

非常感谢。