Lessons on leaving the world better than you found it | Sophie Howe

Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Rhonda Jacobs

翻译人员: TED Translators Admin 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

Wales is a small but progressive country,

威尔士是一个小国家，却很先进，

the only country in the world to have legislated

它是世界上唯一一个立法

to protect the interests of future generations,

保护后代人利益的国家，

the only country to have appointed someone independent to oversee this.

是唯一一个任命了独立人士

来监督此事的国家。

Across the world, our systems of government, of politics, of economics

在世界范围内，我们的政府、政治、

经济学体系往往在短期内发挥作用。

have tended to act in the short term.

And often, the decisions that are taken

而通常，做出的决定

discount the interests of future generations and the planet.

会折损子孙后代和地球的利益。

But in Wales, we're trying to change that

但是在威尔士，我们正试图 通过一项法律来改变这种状况，

by passing a law which requires not just our government

这不仅需要我们的政府，

but all of our main public institutions

而且还需要我们所有主要的公共机构

to demonstrate how they're acting for the long-term

来展示它们长期的行动方针，

and how the decisions they take don't harm the interests

并确保所采取的决定不会对

尚未出生后代的利益造成伤害。

of those yet to be born.

And so as a mum of five

因此，作为五个孩子的母亲

and the world's only future generations commissioner,

以及世界上唯一的未来世代专员，

I want to share with you today some of the lessons we've learned

我今天想与大家分享

一些我们已经学到的经验，

about how we're trying to leave the world better than we found it.

那就是我们如何留下一个 比我们发现时更好的世界。

First of all, you must involve people in setting long-term goals.

首先，您必须让人们参与

到制定长期目标中。

Ask them: What's the Wales or the world you want to leave behind

问问他们：想留给孩子和子孙们 一个怎样的威尔士或世界？

to your children and your grandchildren?

We held a national conversation -- the Wales We Want --

我们进行了一次全国性的对话—— 我们想要的威尔士——

and people told us,

人们告诉我们：“我们想要低碳经济。

"We want a low-carbon economy.

We want you to help us keep people well

我们希望您能帮助我们 让人民的保持健康，

rather than just treat them when they're ill.

而不是仅仅在生病时去照顾他们。

We want connected communities and a more equal Wales."

我们希望紧密连结的社区 以及一个更加平等的威尔士。”

并且我们的政府立法

And our government legislated to set seven national well-being goals

设定了七个实现国家福祉的目标。

to achieve that.

Each institution has to demonstrate how they're meeting those goals,

每个机构都必须证明

自己是如何去实现这些目标的，

and they're held to account by me.

而由我来负责监督这些机构。

You have to focus on the interconnections between different aspects of well-being.

您必须关注福祉的

不同方面之间的相互联系。

You need to talk often about why it's just as important to public health

您需要经常谈论为什么它

对解决高程度的空气污染、

as it is to the environment

公共健康和环境同样重要。

to tackle high levels of air pollution,

why diversity in the workforce

为什么劳动力的多样性

is just as important to economic prosperity

对经济繁荣与解决不平等同样重要。

as it is to addressing inequality.

Our institutions have a legal duty to act beyond their immediate remit

我们的机构有法律义务采取

超越其直接职权范围的行动，

to recognize those connections,

去认识到这些联系，

work with unusual suspects.

与不同寻常的嫌疑对象合作。

And so we're seeing hospitals in Wales working with the National Botanic Gardens

因此，我们会看到威尔士的医院

会与国家植物园合作，

to create spaces for nature on their sites.

在他们的地盘上 为大自然创造空间。

We're seeing offices in our environmental agency

我们看到环保部门的官员正在

helping to find solutions to tackle childhood adversity.

帮助寻找解决儿童逆境的方案，

Make well-being your metrics.

让福祉成为你的衡量标准。

Test everything you do across the four pillars of well-being:

检验你在福祉的四大支柱 所做的一切：

social, economic, environmental and cultural.

社会，经济，环境和文化。

Because for too long,

因为长期以来，

governments have tested their success on the measures of economic growth

各国政府都在以经济增长

实现总附加值增长 作为衡量他们成功的指标。

and increases in GVA.

But in Wales, our measures of success are around our seven well-being goals.

但是在威尔士，我们成功的标准

围绕着我们的七个福祉目标。

So when the government thought it was a good idea

因此，当政府认为斥资 14 亿英镑

to spend 1.4 billion pounds building a new motorway,

修建一条新高速公路是个好主意时，

我们就可以简单地去 应用这些福祉的指标

a simple application of these well-being metrics

told them that, actually, if you want to improve people's health,

告诉他们，实际上，

如果您想改善人们的健康，

if you want to meet your carbon emissions targets,

并且想要实现碳排放目标，

如果您想保护自然，

if you want to protect nature

and if you want to direct your resources to those with the lowest incomes,

并且希望将资源分配

给收入最低的人群，

a much better option would be public transport and active travel.

那么更好的选择是在公共交通

和主动旅行上进行投入。

And so that's what they're doing.

这就是它们起到的作用。

Make it your mission to maximize your contribution to well-being.

将最大限度地去为福祉做贡献

当作您的使命。

So when we're seeing plans for economic stimulus in green jobs

因此，当我们看到 为新冠疫情后的阶段，

做出的绿色就业的经济刺激计划

和家庭能源效率措施时，

and energy efficiency measures in homes post-COVID,

它们确实是很好主意。

they're really good ideas.

But make sure you target those jobs

但是，请确保将那些 劳动力市场中最偏远的人群

towards those furthest from the labor market,

纳入这些工作的定位中，

because otherwise, you'll be missing opportunities to address inequality, too.

因为，不然，我们依然失去了

解决不平等现象的机会。

Think about your projects holistically.

全面考虑您的项目。

Don't save carbon by putting solar panels on your new hospital

不要通过在新医院上 放置太阳能电池板来节省碳，

and then spend it in another area

之后又因不考虑患者

by failing to consider how patients are going to travel there sustainably.

如何可持续地在该区域旅行，

而将其用于别处。

Well, in Cardiff, our capital city,

与世界上许多其他国家一样， 我们的首都，卡迪夫，

like many others across the world,

we're blighted by high levels of air pollution,

空气污染指数很高， 通勤时间长，道路拥挤，

long commutes, congested roads

and big differences in life expectancy between the richest and the poorest.

最富裕和最贫穷的人之间的 预期寿命差异很大，

这让我们感到困惑。

So what is our act doing to make a difference?

那么，我们应该怎样去改变这些呢？

Well, first of all, it requires our public institutions to work together.

好吧，首先， 这需要我们的公共机构共同努力。

这样一来， 把公共健康顾问会从卫生委员会

And so, as a result, the public health consultant

was seconded from the health board to the local council

借调到了地方议会

to lead on the transportation strategy.

来领导公共交通策略。

And when you apply a public health lens to a transport problem,

而且，当我们将公共健康视角

应用于交通问题时，

我们会获得另一套解决方案。

you get a different set of solutions.

The public institutions realized that between them,

公共机构意识到他们彼此在

卡迪夫雇用了三万名员工。

they were employing 30,000 people in Cardiff,

so they're now incentivizing their employees to travel sustainably.

因此，他们现在正在激励员工

以可持续的方式旅行。

We've seen a tenfold increase

我们已经看到在自行车和安全步行

in investment in safe routes to cycle and to walk,

路线上的投资增加了十倍，

and we've targeted that cycling and walking infrastructure

我们已经将自行车

towards those neighborhoods who have the highest level of air pollution

和步行基础设施的目标对准了

空气污染水平最高， 预期寿命最低的那些社区。

and the lowest life expectancy.

And in Cardiff, doctors can issue prescriptions,

在卡迪夫 ，医生不仅可以为

not just for statins, but for free bike hire

他汀类药物开处方，

还可以为那些将 因加强体育锻炼而受益的人

for those who would benefit from increasing their physical activity.

免费提供自行车租赁服务。

And when we've constructed our cycling infrastructure,

当我们建立自行车基础设施时，

we've also built in sustainable drainage,

我们还建立了可持续的排水系统，

taking away over 40,000 cubic meters of water

通过基于自然的解决方案，

from an unsustainable drainage system

从一个不可持续的排水系统中

through nature-based solutions.

带走了四万立方米的水。

And in doing that, we've created sites for nature,

在这样做的过程中， 我们为自然创造了空间，

we've cleaned and greened communities,

我们清洁和绿化了社区，

and we've transformed concrete jungles.

并且转变了混凝土丛林。

And when you travel from this area to our city center,

当您从该地区前往我们的市中心时，

you'll be met with areas which are closed off to traffic,

会遇到一些禁止通行的地方，

where people can meet and businesses can trade

人们可以在那里会面， 并且商家也可以在我们

outside the splendor of our medieval castle.

壮观的中世纪城堡外进行买卖。

So this is how we're embedding well-being in what we do in Wales.

因此，这就是我们将福祉 融入我们在威尔士工作的方式，

This is how we're protecting the interests of future generations.

这就是我们保护 子孙后代利益的方式，

This is how we're acting today for a better tomorrow.

这就是我们今天的行动， 为了创造更好的明天。