Lessons on leaving the world better than you found it | Sophie Howe

Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Rhonda Jacobs

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Amanda Zhu

Wales is a small but progressive country,

威爾斯是一個很小但很先進的國家，

the only country in the world to have legislated

全世界只有威爾斯

立法保護未來世代的利益，

to protect the interests of future generations,

the only country to have appointed someone independent to oversee this.

也只有威爾斯有指派 獨立第三方來監督此事。

Across the world, our systems of government, of politics, of economics

全世界各地的政府、政治、經濟體制

have tended to act in the short term.

都傾向採取短期的行動。

And often, the decisions that are taken

通常，他們採用的決策

discount the interests of future generations and the planet.

都會漠視未來世代和地球的利益。

But in Wales, we're trying to change that

但威爾斯正在試著 以通過法案來做出改變，

by passing a law which requires not just our government

要求政府以及所有的主要公家機關

but all of our main public institutions

to demonstrate how they're acting for the long-term

都必須說明它們長期的打算

and how the decisions they take don't harm the interests

並證明它們的決策不會 破壞到尚未出生者的利益。

of those yet to be born.

And so as a mum of five

身為五個孩子的媽及全世界 唯一的未來世代首長，

and the world's only future generations commissioner,

I want to share with you today some of the lessons we've learned

今天我想和大家分享的， 是我們所學到的經驗，

about how we're trying to leave the world better than we found it.

要如何在身後留下更美好的世界。

First of all, you must involve people in setting long-term goals.

首先，你必須要讓大家 參與長期目標的設定。

Ask them: What's the Wales or the world you want to leave behind

問他們：你想要留給你的孩子和孫子

to your children and your grandchildren?

什麼樣的威爾斯或什麼樣的世界？

We held a national conversation -- the Wales We Want --

我們做過全國性討論： 《我們想要的威爾斯》。

and people told us,

人民告訴我們： 「我們想要低碳經濟。

"We want a low-carbon economy.

We want you to help us keep people well

我們要你們協助人民保持健康， 而不只在他們生病時提供治療。

rather than just treat them when they're ill.

We want connected communities and a more equal Wales."

我們想要有社群的交流 及更平等的威爾斯。」

為了做到這些，我們的政府透過立法

And our government legislated to set seven national well-being goals

設定了七項全國的福利目標。

to achieve that.

Each institution has to demonstrate how they're meeting those goals,

每個機關都得說明 他們要如何達成這些目標，

and they're held to account by me.

並且由我來要求他們盡責。

You have to focus on the interconnections between different aspects of well-being.

你必須要把焦點放在 福利的各個面向間的關聯性；

You need to talk often about why it's just as important to public health

你必須經常說明，

為什麼處理嚴重的空氣污染

as it is to the environment

對於公共衛生以及環境都很重要，

to tackle high levels of air pollution,

why diversity in the workforce

為什麼勞動力的多樣性

is just as important to economic prosperity

對於經濟繁榮及處理不平等而言

as it is to addressing inequality.

都很重要。

Our institutions have a legal duty to act beyond their immediate remit

我們的機構有法律責任 採取職權範圍之外的行動，

to recognize those connections,

來找到這些關聯性，

work with unusual suspects.

並且在不尋常的地方尋找這些關聯。

And so we're seeing hospitals in Wales working with the National Botanic Gardens

所以我們會看到威爾斯的醫院

尋求國家植物園的合作，

to create spaces for nature on their sites.

為他們打造大自然空間。

We're seeing offices in our environmental agency

也會看到環境署的辦公室

helping to find solutions to tackle childhood adversity.

協助處理童年不幸事件。

Make well-being your metrics.

讓福利成為你的衡量指標。

Test everything you do across the four pillars of well-being:

不論要做什麼， 都要檢視福利的四大支柱：

social, economic, environmental and cultural.

社會、經濟、環境、文化。

Because for too long,

因為長久以來，政府都是用經濟成長

governments have tested their success on the measures of economic growth

和附加價值毛額 GVA 的成長 來衡量他們的施政成果，

and increases in GVA.

But in Wales, our measures of success are around our seven well-being goals.

但在威爾斯，我們是用 七項福利目標來衡量。

So when the government thought it was a good idea

所以當政府認為值得花十四億英磅

to spend 1.4 billion pounds building a new motorway,

來建造新的高速公路時，

a simple application of these well-being metrics

只要運用其中一項福利的衡量指標，

told them that, actually, if you want to improve people's health,

就可以知道，如果你想改善人民健康、

if you want to meet your carbon emissions targets,

如果你想達成減排目標、 如果你想保護大自然、

if you want to protect nature

and if you want to direct your resources to those with the lowest incomes,

如果你想把你的資源 導向最低收入的人、

a much better option would be public transport and active travel.

大眾運輸和步行、單車等運動式交通

會是更好的選擇。

And so that's what they're doing.

那就是我們在做的。

Make it your mission to maximize your contribution to well-being.

讓「對民眾福利做出最大貢獻」 變成你的使命。

So when we're seeing plans for economic stimulus in green jobs

所以我們會看到一些關於 綠色就業的經濟振興方案

and energy efficiency measures in homes post-COVID,

以及新冠病毒疫情後的 家用能源效率改善計畫。

they're really good ideas.

這些都是好主意，

But make sure you target those jobs

但我們必須確保這些就業機會 是提供給勞動市場最邊緣的人，

towards those furthest from the labor market,

because otherwise, you'll be missing opportunities to address inequality, too.

否則就會錯失同時處理 不平等議題的機會。

Think about your projects holistically.

以全面的方式思考你的計畫。

Don't save carbon by putting solar panels on your new hospital

不要在新蓋的醫院 架設太陽能板來減碳，

and then spend it in another area

卻不考慮如何讓病人 以永續低碳的交通方式往返醫院，

by failing to consider how patients are going to travel there sustainably.

而把省下的排碳額度花在別的地方，

Well, in Cardiff, our capital city,

在我們的首都卡地夫， 和世界上許多首都一樣，

like many others across the world,

we're blighted by high levels of air pollution,

讓我們深受其害的包括 嚴重的空氣污染、

long commutes, congested roads

長程通勤、擁塞的道路，

and big differences in life expectancy between the richest and the poorest.

以及貧富壽命的極大差距。

So what is our act doing to make a difference?

所以我們的法案能有何作為？

Well, first of all, it requires our public institutions to work together.

首先，法案要求公家機關之間要合作。

And so, as a result, the public health consultant

因此，健康委員會的公共衛生顧問

was seconded from the health board to the local council

被調遣到地方議會，

to lead on the transportation strategy.

去主導交通策略。

And when you apply a public health lens to a transport problem,

當你從公共衛生的角度 來看交通問題時，

you get a different set of solutions.

會得到不同的解決方案。

The public institutions realized that between them,

公共機關發現，

they were employing 30,000 people in Cardiff,

他們總共在卡地夫僱用了三萬人，

so they're now incentivizing their employees to travel sustainably.

因此，他們現在在獎勵員工 採用永續的交通方式。

We've seen a tenfold increase

我們在安全自行車道與人行步道上 所做的投資增長了十倍，

in investment in safe routes to cycle and to walk,

and we've targeted that cycling and walking infrastructure

我們把自行車和行人基礎設施的對象

towards those neighborhoods who have the highest level of air pollution

設定在空氣污染最嚴重、

and the lowest life expectancy.

平均壽命最短的地區，

And in Cardiff, doctors can issue prescriptions,

在卡地夫，醫生不僅可以 開降膽固醇的處方，

not just for statins, but for free bike hire

還能將免費租用自行車當作處方，

for those who would benefit from increasing their physical activity.

開立給能夠受益於體能活動的人。

And when we've constructed our cycling infrastructure,

當我們建好自行車基礎設施時，

we've also built in sustainable drainage,

我們也同時建造了永續的排水系統，

taking away over 40,000 cubic meters of water

以天然的方式

帶走四萬立方公尺的水，

from an unsustainable drainage system

替代原先不永續的排水系統。

through nature-based solutions.

And in doing that, we've created sites for nature,

這麼做也讓我們同時 創造出大自然場所，

we've cleaned and greened communities,

我們清潔並綠化社區，

and we've transformed concrete jungles.

且我們美化了水泥叢林。

And when you travel from this area to our city center,

當你從這個地區到我們的市中心，

you'll be met with areas which are closed off to traffic,

你會看到與繁忙交通隔離的區域，

where people can meet and businesses can trade

大家可以在那裡會面、做生意，

outside the splendor of our medieval castle.

就在我們壯麗的中世紀城堡外面。

So this is how we're embedding well-being in what we do in Wales.

這是威爾斯將福利 納入各種計畫的方式。

This is how we're protecting the interests of future generations.

這是我們保護未來世代利益的方式。

This is how we're acting today for a better tomorrow.

這是我們在今天

為了更好的明天而努力的方式。