How we can help hungry kids, one text at a time | Su Kahumbu

翻译人员: Handong Xu 校对人员: Xiangyi Chen

I want to introduce you to my badass friends.

我想向你介绍我的朋友们。

Meet Thelma and Louise.

西尔玛和路易斯。 （注：末路狂花的两位女主角）

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I'm passionate about cows.

我对奶牛充满了热情。

And although they've been getting a lot of crap lately

虽然它们最近因为甲烷排放和气候变化

due to methane emissions and climate change,

引发了很多非议，

I hope that I can redeem their reputation in part

但我希望通过展示它们在 解决世界上最大的问题之一，

by showing you how incredibly important they are

即粮食安全问题，

in solving one of the world's biggest problems: food security.

来恢复它们的部分声誉。

But more importantly, for Africa --

但更重要的是，在非洲——

it's resultant childhood stunting.

粮食安全造成了儿童发育迟缓。

Nutritional stunting manifests itself

营养失调表现为

in a reduction of growth rate in human development.

人类成长过程中生长速度的降低。

And according to UNICEF,

按照联合国儿童基金会的说法，

stunting doesn't come easy.

生长迟缓不会轻易发生。

It doesn't come quickly.

它也不会马上发生。

It happens over a long period of time

它会在很长一段时间内发生，

during which a child endures painful and debilitating cycles of illness,

比如当小孩遭受痛苦 或者处于虚弱的疾病周期内、

depressed appetite,

食欲减退、

insufficient nutrition

营养不足、

and inadequate care.

还有关爱不足。

And most kids simply can't endure such rigors.

大部分儿童无法通过这样的严酷考验。

But those that do survive,

那些存活下來的孩子，

they carry forward long-term cognitive problems

他们也会带着长期的认知问题，

as well as losses of stature.

还有身体发育不良。

The numbers of stunted children under the age of five,

在世界上绝大部分地区，

五岁以下存在发育迟缓的儿童数量

in most regions of the world,

has been declining.

已经在减少。

And I really hate to say this,

我很不想这样说，

but the only place where they haven't been declining is here,

但唯一人数没有减少的地方，就是这里，

in Africa.

非洲。

Here, 59 million children,

在这里，五千九百万的儿童中，

three in 10 in that age group,

十分之三的这个年龄段的人

struggle to meet their genetic potential --

难以达到他们的基因潜力——

their full genetic potential.

他们完整的基因潜力。

Protein is one of our most important dietary requirements,

蛋白质是我们最重要的日常所需，

and evidence shows that lack of essential amino acids,

有证据显示，

若孩童饮食中缺乏构成蛋白质的基本物质 ——氨基酸，

the building blocks of proteins, in young children's diets,

can result in stunting.

可能会造成生长迟缓。

Essential amino acids are called essential

必需氨基酸之所以是必要的

because we can't synthesize them in our bodies.

是因为我们身体无法自己合成。

We have to get them from our foods

我们必须从食物中获取，

and the best sources are animal-derived:

而最好的来源就是动物制品：

milk, meat and eggs.

奶、肉类还有蛋类。

Most protein consumed on the African continent is crop-based.

非洲大陆上大部分被消耗的蛋白质来自于农作物。

And although we have millions of smallholder farmers rearing animals,

虽然我们有数百万的小农户饲养动物，

livestock production is not as easy as we think.

畜牧业生产并没有我们想象的那么简单。

The big livestock gaps between rich countries and poor countries

贫穷和富有国家在畜牧业上的差距

are due to poor animal health.

源于较差的动物健康水平。

Endemic livestock diseases,

地方性的家畜疾病，

some of them transmissible to humans,

其中一些是可以传染给人类的，

threaten not only livestock producers in those poor countries,

所以在这些贫困国家当中，这类疾病 不仅仅威胁着畜牧生产者，

but all human health across all countries.

同时也威胁着这些国家里所有人的健康。

This is a global pathogens network.

这是全球病原体网络。

It shows the pathogens found across the world

根据加强后的感染病数据库提供的数据，

according to the Enhanced Infectious Diseases database.

这显示了全球范围内已被发现的病原体。

And it shows those pathogens that share hosts.

它同时显示出有共同宿主的的病原体。

In a nutshell,

简单地说，

we share pathogens, and thus diseases,

我们在和与我们最亲近的物种，牲畜们

with the species we live closest to:

共享病原体，也就是说，

our livestock.

共享疾病。

And we call these zoonotic diseases.

我们把这个叫人畜共患病。 （注：可以通过自然方式传染给人类的动物疫病）

Recent reports show

最近的报告显示

that the deadly dozen zoonotic diseases kill 2.2 million people

许多致命的人畜共患病 每年会杀死二百二十万人，

and sicken 2.4 billion people annually.

并且让二十四亿人患病。

And Jimmy says,

吉米说，

"The greatest burden of zoonoses

“来自于人畜共患病最大的压力，

falls on one billion poor livestock keepers."

需要十亿个穷困牲畜养殖者来承担。“

We totally underestimate the importance of our smallholder farmers.

我们完全低估了小型养殖户的重要性。

We're beginning to recognize how important they are

我们现在开始认识到他们有多重要，

and how they influence our medical health,

还有他们会如何影响我们的医疗健康，

our biosafety

生物安全，

and more recently, our cognitive and our physical health.

还有最近提出的认知健康和生理健康。

They stand at the frontline of zoonotic epidemics.

他们站在人畜共患病流行的前线。

They pretty much underpin our existence.

他们可以说就是我们赖以生存的基础。

And they need to know so much,

他们有太多需要去了解，

yet most lack knowledge

然而，他们大多恰恰缺少

on livestock disease prevention and treatment.

有关于牲畜疾病预防和治疗方面的知识。

所以他们从何了解呢？

So how do they learn?

Apart from shared experiences,

除了通过共享的经验，

通过反复的试验试错，

trial and error,

conventional farming extension services are boots on the ground and radio --

传统农业的推广服务和无线电广播——

expensive and hard to scale in the face of population growth.

在面对人口增长时，这显得不够经济 也难以衡量成效。

Sounds pretty gloomy, doesn't it?

听起来挺沮丧的是吧？

But we're at an interesting point in Africa.

但是我们处在对于非洲来说一个非常 有趣的时间节点上。

We're changing that narrative using innovative solutions,

我们将会跨过那些规模化的技术，

riding across scalable technologies.

使用一个具有创造性的方案来改变现状。

Knowledge doesn't have to be expensive.

知识不一定要是昂贵的。

My company developed an agricultural platform called iCow.

我的公司研发了一款农业平台名叫iCow。

We teach farmers best livestock practices using SMS

我们在简单低端的手机上，

通过SMS（手机短信服务）教给农民们 最好的畜牧业饲养方法。

over simple, low-end phones.

Farmers receive three SMSs a week on best livestock practices,

农民们会在每周收到三条有关畜牧 饲养方法的短信，

and those that execute the messages go on to see increases in productivity

那些看完短信并学以致用的农民们，

within as short a time as three months.

在短短三个月的时间内 生产力就获得了提高。

The first increases in productivity, of course, are improved animal health.

生产率提高的第一个因素当然

就是家畜健康水平的提高。

我们使用SMS（手机短信服务）的原因就是 它容易存储信息。

We use SMS because it is retentive.

Farmers store their messages,

农民们保存这些信息，

they write them down in books,

并把它们记载入册，

and in effect,

实际上，

we're drip-feeding agricultural manuals into the fields.

我们是一点一点把农业手册上的知识 运用到实际生产之中：

We recognize that we are all part of the global food network:

我们意识到我们都是 全球食物网络的一部分，

producers and consumers,

生产者和消费者，

you and me, and every farmer.

你和我，以及每一位农场主。

We're focusing now on trying to bring together producers and consumers

现在我们的重点在于尝试把

生产者和消费者整合在一起，

to take action and take responsibility for not only food security,

共同行动并共同承担责任，这不仅仅 是为了防止食物短缺，

but for food safety.

也是为了保证食品健康。

This beautiful animal is an African-Asian Sahiwal crossed with a Dutch Fleckvieh.

这头美丽的动物是非亚的沙希华牛 与荷兰西门塔尔牛的混种。

She's milkier than her Sahiwal mom,

她的产奶量要高于她的沙希华牛母亲，

and she's sturdier and more resistant to disease than her Fleckvieh father.

同时也比她的西门塔尔牛父亲更强壮 更能抵抗疾病。

In Ethiopia and Tanzania,

在埃塞俄比亚和坦桑尼亚，

the African Dairy Genetic Gains program is using SMS and cutting-edge genomics

非洲乳牛遗传增益计划（ADGG）

通过使用SMS和尖端的基因组技术，

and pioneering Africa's first tropically adapted dairy breeding centers

开创了非洲第一个适应热带天气的 奶牛养殖中心

and dairy performance recording centers.

和奶牛表现记录中心。

Farmers contribute their production data --

农户把他们的生产数据——

milking records,

挤奶记录、

繁殖记录和喂食记录——

breeding records and feeding records --

提供给ADGG平台。

to the ADGG platform.

This stage is synthesized through algorithms

在通过实操性高的短信通知

from some of the top livestock institutions in the world

重新发回给农户以前，

before it lands back in the farmers' hands

原始数据将会通过一些世界顶尖的 牲畜养殖机构

in actionable SMSs.

提供的算法进行加工计算。

Customized data,

定制化的数据，

customized responses

定制化的答复，

all aimed at increasing productivity

都是基于目前的潜力

based on the potential on the ground.

为提高生产力服务。

We're at a very interesting place in agriculture in Africa.

我们处在非洲农业非常有趣的节点上。

By the end of this year,

到今年年底，

我们将会有接近十亿手机订阅用户。

we'll have almost one billion mobile phone subscriptions.

We have the power in our hands

我们有足够的能力，

to ensure that livestock production systems are not only healthy,

以确保牲畜生产体系不仅仅是健康的、

productive and profitable,

多产的以及盈利的，

but that farmers are knowledgeable,

而且农户是通晓养殖知识的，

and more importantly,

更重要的是，

that our farmers are safe.

我们的农户是安全的。

Working with smallholder farmers

与小型养殖户联手合作

is one of the best ways to guarantee food security.

是保证粮食安全最好的方法，

Working with smallholder farmers is one of the best ways

与小型养殖户联手合作也保证了每一个孩子

to guarantee each and every child their full opportunity

可以得到充分的机会，

and ability to reach their full genetic potential.

以及能力去达到他们所拥有的基因潜力。

And harnessing the power of millions of smallholder farmers

利用成千上万小型养殖户的能力

and their badass cows like mine,

以及他们养殖的，像我的牛一样的“猛”牛们，

we should be able to bring a halt to stunting in Africa.

我们应该有能力阻止非洲的发育迟缓现象。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you.

谢谢。