Mathieu Lehanneur demos science-inspired design

翻译人员: pandora li 校对人员: Ruoyun Hui

One morning, in the year 1957,

1957年的一个早上

the neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield

神经外科医生Walter Penfield

saw himself like this,

看到了这样的自己：

a weird freak with huge hands,

一个长着巨掌

huge mouth,

大嘴

and a tiny bottom.

臀部极小的怪物

Actually this creature

实际上，这个生物

is the result of the Penfield research.

是Penfield研究的结果

He named it homunculus.

他将其命名为“矮人”

Basically the homunculus is

本质上，这个矮人就是

the visualization of a human being

按照人类

where each part of the body is proportional

身体各部分在大脑皮层中

to the surface it takes in the brain.

所占的比例制作而成的一个可视化形象

So, of course, homunculus is definitely not a freak.

所以，这个矮人当然绝非一个怪物

It's you. It's me.

它是你，也是我

It's our invisible reality.

它是我们看不到的现实

This visualization could explain, for example,

例如，这个可视化的形象能够解释

why newborns, or smokers,

为什么新生儿，或者吸烟者

put, instinctively, their fingers in the mouth.

会本能地把手指放进嘴里

Unfortunately it doesn't explain why

不幸的是，它无法解释为什么

so many designers remain mainly interested

如此多的设计者仍然将他们的主要兴趣

in designing chairs.

放在设计椅子上

So anyway, even if I do not understand science entirely,

不管怎样，即使我并非完全了解科学

for my design I essentially refer to it.

但是在我的设计中，我基本上参考了科学原理

I'm fascinated by its ability to

我着迷于科学的这种

deeply investigate the human being,

深刻研究人类的能力

its way of working, its way of feeling.

以及它运作及感知的方式

And it really helps me to understand

并且它的确帮助我理解了

how we see, how we hear,

我们是如何去看，去听

how we breathe, how our brain can inform or mislead us.

去呼吸，我们的大脑是如何引导或误导我们

It's a great tool for me

这是一个极好的工具，它帮助我

to understand what could be our real needs.

理解什么才是我们真正的需要

Marketing people have never been able to do that.

营销者绝对没有能力做这样的事

Marketing reduces things. Marketing simplifies.

营销减少事物，简化事物

Marketing creates user groups.

营销创造用户群

And scientists, amidst complexity,

但是科学家却处于复杂性

amidst fluctuation and uniqueness.

波动性和独特性之中

What could be our real needs?

我们真正需要的是什么呢？

Maybe the silence.

也许就是安静

In our daily life we are continuously disturbed by

在我们的日常生活中我们总是被

aggressive sounds.

侵略性的声音所打扰

And you know all those kind of sound puts us

而且所有的这些声音使我们

in a kind of stressful state,

处于一种压力状态

and prevent us from being quiet and focused.

这些声音使我们烦躁，无法精力集中

So I wanted to create a kind of

所以我想制造出一种

sound filter,

声音过滤器

able to preserve ourselves from noise pollution.

这种仪器能够使我们远离噪声污染

But I didn't want it to make it by

但是我并不想让这个设计将人

isolating people, without any earmuffs

隔离开来，所以它没有任何耳塞

or those kind of things.

或其他诸如此类的东西

Or neither with including complex technology.

这个设计也没有使用复杂的技术

I just wanted to, using the complexity

我只是想用人类大脑的复杂性

and the technology of the brain, of the human brain.

及技术性来制作

So I worked with white noise.

因此，我研究了白噪音

dB is basically --

D.B.基本上，

dB is the name of the product,

D.B.是这个产品的名字，实际上

basically a white noise diffuser.

它是一个白噪音的扩散器

This is white noise.

这就是白噪音

The white noise is the sum of all frequencies

白噪音是将所有

that are audible by the human being,

人类可听到的声音频率

brought to the same intensity.

以相同强度叠加的结果

And this noise is like a "shhhhhhhhhhhhh," like that.

就像这种“shhhhhhhhhhh"声

And this noise is the most neutral.

这种声音是最中性的

It is the perfect sound for our ears and our brain.

对于我们的耳朵和大脑来说它是最完美的声音

So when you hear this sound

所以当你听到这种声音时

you feel like a kind of shelter,

你感觉它像一个庇护所

preserved from noise pollution.

使你不受噪音污染

And when you hear the white noise, your brain is immediately focused on it.

而且当你听到白噪音时，你的大脑马上就会专注于这个声音

And do not be disturbed any more by the other aggressive sound.

而不会被其他侵略性的声音所吸引

It seems to be magic.

这看起来很神奇

But it is just physiology. It's just in your brain.

但其实不过是一种生理机能，它就在你的大脑中

And in mine, I hope.

希望也在我的大脑中

So in order to make this white noise

因此为了让这种白噪音

a little bit active and reactive,

略微活跃一些，并且更有反应性

I create a ball, a rolling ball

我做了一个球，一个可以滚动的球

able to analyze and find

它可以分析并找出

where does aggressive sound come from,

侵略性声音的来源，

and roll, at home or at work,

无论是在家还是在工作，这个球会

towards aggressive noise,

朝着侵略性声音来源的方向滚动

and emits white noise in order to neutralize it.

并释放出白噪音来中和它

(Laughter)

（笑声）

It works.

它的确有效

You feel the effect of the white noise?

你感受到白噪音的影响了吗？

It's too in silence.

这儿太安静了

If you make some noise you can feel the effect.

如果你制造一些噪音，你就能感受到这个效果

So even if this object,

虽然这个设计

even if this product includes some technology,

虽然这个产品使用了一些技术——

it includes some speakers, it includes some microphones

它装有音箱，麦克风

and some electronic devices,

和一些电子设备——

this object is not a very smart object.

但这并非是一个非常智能的设计

And I don't want to make a very smart object.

我也并不想制造出一个非常智能的设计

I don't want to create a perfect object like a perfect robot.

我并不想制造出一个像机器人那样完美的设计

I want to create an object like you and me.

我想创造出一个就像你我一样的设计

So, definitely not perfect.

所以，它绝对不是完美的

So imagine, for instance, you are at home.

那么设想，比如你在家

A loving dispute with your girl or boyfriend.

跟你的男朋友或女朋友争论

You shout. You say, "Blah blah blah, Blah blah blah. Who is this guy?"

你会大喊，你会说：“哇啦哇啦。哇啦哇啦。这个人是谁？”

And dB will probably roll toward you.

这时D.B.将会向你滚过来

And turning around you is "shhhhhhh," like that.

然后在你周围转圈发出"shhhhhhh"声，就像那样

(Laughter)

(笑声)

Definitely not perfect. So you would probably

绝对不完美，所以你很有可能

shut it, at this point.

因此而把它踢走

(Laughter)

(笑声)

Anyway, in this same kind of approach,

不管怎样，以同样的方式

I designed K.

我设计出了K

K is a daylight receiver transmitter.

K是一个日光接受传送器

So this object is supposed to be displayed on your desk,

这一设计可以摆在你的书桌

or on your piano, where you are supposed

或者钢琴上，即任何一个

to spend most of your time in the day.

你会待上很长时间的地方

And this object will be

这个设计能够

able to know exactly the quantity of light you receive during the day,

具体感知你一天内接受的光照量

and able to give you the quantity of light you need.

然后能提供给你所需的光量

This object is completely covered by

这一设计完全由

fiber opticals.

光学纤维覆盖

And the idea of those fiber opticals is to inform the object, for sure,

这些光学纤维用来将信息传递给仪器

but creates the idea of an

同时充当了这个仪器

eye sensibility of the object.

的可视眼

I want, by this design

我希望这个设计

feel, when you see it,

能够使你看到它的时候

you see, instinctively,

本能地感到

this object seems to be very sensitive,

它是非常敏感

very reactive.

非常活跃的

And this object knows, better than you

而且它比你自己还了解你

and probably before you, what you really need.

很可能在你之前就知道你真正需要什么

You have to know that the lack of daylight

要知道缺乏阳光

can provoke some

能够导致一些

problem of energy, or problem of libido.

能量或者性欲的问题

So, a huge problem.

总之，很严重的问题

(Laughter)

(笑声)

Most of the projects I work on --

我所研发的大部分项目

I live in collaboration with scientists.

是与科学家共同完成的

I'm just a designer. So I need them.

我只是个设计者 所以我需要他们

So there can be some biologists,

其中有生物学家

psychiatrists, mathematicians, and so on.

心理学家，数学家等等

And I submit them, my intuitions,

我会告诉他们我的直觉

my hypothesis, my first ideas.

我的假说 以及我最初的想法

And they react. They told me what is possible, what is impossible.

他们回应我，告诉我什么是可能的 什么是不可能的

And together we improve the original concept.

然后我们一起改进原有的观念

And we build the project to the end.

最终完成这个项目

And this kind of relationship between designer and scientist

这种设计者和科学家之间的关系

started when I was at school.

始于我上学的时候

Indeed in my studies I was a guinea pig

在我刚上学时 我当过

for a pharmaceutical industry.

药物工业的实验小鼠

And the irony for me was

对我来说讽刺的是

of course, I didn't do that for the sake of science progress.

我做这些当然并非为了科学进步

I just do that to make money.

我只是想赚钱

Anyway, this project, or this experience,

不管怎样，这个项目，或者说这个实验

make me start a new project on the design of medicine.

使我开始了一项新的医药设计

You have to know that today, roughly one or two every drug pills

现在大家知道，每种药都有一两片

is not taken correctly.

没有被正确服用

So even if the active constituents

因此虽然药物当中的有效成分

in pharmaceuticals made constant progress

在化学，目标及稳定性方面

in terms of chemistry, target of stability,

得到持续的改进

the behavior of the patients

病人的行为

goes more and more unstable.

却变得越来越不稳定

So we took too many of them.

我们服用的药物越来越多

We took irregular dosage.

药量也不固定

We do not follow instructions. And so on.

我们开始不遵医嘱，等等

So I wanted to create a

所以我想制造出

new kind of medicine,

新型的药品

in order to create a new kind of relationship

从而在病人和药物之间

between the patient and the treatment.

建立起新的关系

So I turned traditional pills into this.

因此我把普通的药片变成这样

I'm going to give you some example.

下面我给大家看几个例子

This one is an antibiotic.

这是一种抗生素类药

And its purpose is to help patient

这种药用于帮助病人

to go to the end of the treatment.

完成疗程

And the concept is to

我的设计理念就是

create a kind of onion,

将其制成洋葱状

a kind of structure in layers.

拥有多层结构

So, you start with the darkest one.

你从颜色最深的一层开始服用

And you are helped to visualize the duration of the treatment.

它帮助你将治疗过程可视化

And you are helped to visualize the decrease of the infection.

同时也帮你将感染痊愈的过程可视化

So the first day, this is the big one.

第一天，服用大的那层

And you have to peel and eat one layer a day.

每天剥一层吃

And your antibiotic goes smaller and clearer.

你的抗生素药就会越来越小，颜色也越来越浅

And you're waiting for recovery as you were waiting for the Christmas day.

你就像等待圣诞节一样 等待着康复

And you follow the treatment like that,

通过这样的方式遵循疗程

to the end of the treatment.

直到结束

And here you can get the white core.

最终你就可以服用核心的白色抗生素

And it means, right, you are in the recovery.

这就意味着，对，你处于康复状态

(Applause) Thank you.

（掌声）谢谢（掌声）

This one is a "third lung,"

这个设计叫做“第三个肺”

a pharmaceutical device for long-term asthma treatment.

是一种用于长期哮喘治疗的药物设计

I designed it to help kids to follow the treatment.

我设计它来帮助孩子按疗程治疗

So the idea of this one is to create

这个想法就是要在病人

a relationship between the patient of the treatment

和药物之间建立起一种关系

but a relationship of dependency.

即一种依赖关系

But in this case it is not the medication that is dependent on the patient.

不过在这种情况中并非是药物依赖于病人

This is, the kids will feel

这个孩子会感到

the therapeutic object needs him.

这个治疗仪器需要他

So the idea is, all night long

设计理念是在一整夜当中

the elastic skin of the third lung

“第三个肺”的弹力表层

will slowly inflate itself,

会慢慢膨胀起来

including air and molecules, for sure.

里面充满了空气和药物分子

And when the kids wake up,

当孩子醒来时

he can see the object needs him. And he take him to his mouth,

他会看到这个仪器需要他，然后他就把这个仪器拿到嘴边

and breathe the air it contains.

吸取其中的空气

So by this way,

通过这种方式

the kid, to take care of himself,

孩子就可以通过照顾这个仿真的仪器

is to take care of this living object.

来照顾自己

And he does not feel anymore it's relies on asthma treatment,

这样他再也不会感到自己在依赖哮喘药物

as the asthma treatment needs him.

而是哮喘药物在依赖他

(Applause)

(掌声)

In this guise of living object approach,

在这种模拟生命物体的方法中，

I like the idea of a kind of invisible design,

我喜欢这种无形设计的理念

as if the function of the object

该设计的功能仿佛

exists in a kind of invisible field

存在于无形之地

just around the objects themselves.

而这无形之地就在该设计的周围

We could talk about a kind of soul,

我们可以说有某种灵魂般的存在

of a ghost accompanying them.

在操纵它们

And almost a kind of poltergeist effect.

这几乎是一种恶作剧的效果

So when a passive object like this one seems to be alive,

因此像这样一台被动的仪器，会看起来像有生命

because it is -- woosh -- starting to move.

因为它在运动

And I remember an exhibition design

我还记得我曾为John Maeda

I made for John Maeda,

和巴黎的Cartier基金会

and for the Fondation Cartier in Paris.

所做的展览设计

And John Maeda was supposed to show

John Maeda想要在这次展览中

several graphic animations in this exhibition.

展出一些动画片

And my idea for this exhibition design was to create

对于这个展览设计，我的理念是制造出

a real pong game, like this one.

一个真正的弹球游戏，像这样

And the idea was to create some self-moving benches

这个想法就是在主展厅中

in the main exhibition room.

制造出一些自主移动的长椅

So the living benches would be exactly like the ball.

使这些活的长椅恰好同那个球一模一样

And John was so excited by this idea. He said to me, "Okay let's go."

John对这个想法很兴奋，他跟我说：“好，我们就这么办吧。”

I remember the day of the opening.

我记得开展的那天

I was a little bit late.

我去的有点儿晚

When I bring the 10 living and self-moving benches

当我把这10个自主移动的长椅

in the exhibition room, John was just beside me,

放到展厅中时，John就站在我旁边

and was like, "Hmm. Hmm."

发出“嗯，嗯”的声音

And he told me, after a long silence,

沉默了很长时间之后，他跟我说

"I wonder, Mathieu, if

“Mathieu，我不知道人们会不会

people won't be more fascinated by your benches

对你的长椅比对我的视频

than by my videos."

还要感兴趣。”

(Laughter)

(笑声)

It would be a great honor, a great compliment for me,

如果他没有决定在开展2小时之前

if he hadn't decided to take all them off

撤掉这10个长椅

two hours before the opening.

这段话会被我当成极大的荣誉与恭维

So, huge tragedy.

可最终成了巨大的悲剧

I guess you won't be surprised if I tell you

我猜如果我告诉你们匹诺曹是对我影响极深的人之一

that Pinocchio is one of my great influences.

你们一定不会惊讶

Pinocchio is probably one of my best design products, my favorite one.

匹诺曹是我最好的设计之一，也是我最喜欢的一个设计

Because it is a kind of object with a conscience,

因为它是一种有感知的设计

able to be modified by its surroundings,

它能够被周围环境所改变

and able to modify it as well.

也能改变周围的环境

The other great influence is the mine's canary.

另一个对我影响极大的就是矿场的金丝雀

In coal mines, this canary

在煤矿场，这种金丝雀

was supposed to be close to the miners.

会与矿工紧密相伴

And it was singing all day long. And when it stops it means that it just died.

它一整天都在鸣叫，当它停止鸣叫就意味着它死了

So this canary was a living alarm,

所以这金丝雀是撤离的警报

and a very efficient one.

而且是非常有效的警报

A very natural technology,

一种非常天然的技术

in order to say to the miners,

用于告知矿工

"The air is too bad. You have to go. It's an emergency."

“空气状况很糟。你必须离开。这是紧急情况”

So it's, for me, a great product.

因此对我来说，这是一个伟大的产品

And I tried to design a kind of canary.

所以我尝试设计一种金丝雀

Andrea is one.

Andrea是其中之一

Andrea is a living air filter that absorbs toxic gasses

它是一种有生命的空气过滤器

from air, contaminated indoor air.

吸收空气中的有毒气体，包括室内气体

So it uses some plants to do this job,

它根据植物过滤空气的能力

selected for their gas-filtering ability.

来选择一些植物完成这项工作

You have to know, or you probably already know,

你要知道，也许你已经知道

that indoor air pollution is more toxic than outdoor one.

室内空气污染的毒性比室外的大得多

So while I'm talking to you,

当我对你们讲话的时候

the seats you are sitting on are currently emitting some

你们所坐的椅子上正释放出一些

invisible and odorless toxic gas. Sorry for that. (Laughter)

隐形无臭的有毒气体 抱歉提到这些

So you are currently breathing formaldehyde.

所以你现在正在吸入甲醛

It's the same for me with the carpet.

对我来说就是吸着地毯上的甲醛

And this is exactly the same at home.

家里的空气同样如此

Because all the product we get constantly give away

因为我们买到的所有产品都在持续的释放

the volatile component of which they're made of.

它们组成成分中的挥发性物质

So let's have a look at your home.

让我们看看你的家

So your sofa, your plastic chair,

你的沙发，塑料椅子

your kid's toys

孩子的玩具

give their own invisible reality. And this one is very toxic.

实际上他们的毒性都是不可见的，但是其毒性非常大

This is the reason why

这就是我和

I created, with David Edward,

哈佛大学的科学家David Edward

a scientist of Harvard University,

共同制造出一部利用这些种类的植物

an object able to absorb the toxic elements using those kind of plants.

来吸收有毒气体的仪器的原因

But the idea is to force

其理念是推动空气

the air to go in the effective part of the plants.

通过这些植物有效过滤的部分

Because the roots of the plant are not very effective.

因为这些植物的根部滤毒效果并不显著

Bill Wolverton from NASA

来自美国宇航局的Bill Vorveten

analyzed it cleverly in the '70s.

在70年代高明地分析了这一方法

So the idea is to create an object

其理念就是制造出一种产品

able to force the air, and to be in contact at the right speed

能够推动空气使其以正确的速度

at the right place, in all the effective parts of the plant.

在正确的地方与植物所有有效滤毒的地方接触

So this is the final object.

这就是最后的设计

It will be launched next September.

该设计将于明年9月份面世

(Applause)

(掌声)

This one is kind of the same approach

这是一个某种程度上思路相同的设计

because I include, in a product

因为像Andrea一样

like Andrea, some plants.

它也包括了植物

And in this one, plants are used for the water filtration ability.

它应用了该植物过滤水的功能

And it includes some fishes as well.

这个设计也包括了鱼

But here, unlike Andrea,

但是与Andrea不同的是

here are supposed to be eaten.

它们是可以食用的

Indeed, this object is a domestic farm,

实际上这个设计是一个家庭农场

for fishes and green.

生产鱼和绿色植物

So the idea of this object

所以这个设计的理念就是

is to be able to get at home

让你在家里就能够

very local food.

得到本地产出的食物

The locavores

本地膳食主义者

used to get food

过去习惯在方圆100英里以内

taken in a radius of 100 miles.

获取食物

Local River is able to provide you

Local River能够在你的起居室里

food directly in your living room.

直接提供给你食物

So the principle of this object

这一设计的原理就是

is to create an ecosystem

创造出一种

called aquaponics.

被称为“aquaponics”的生态系统

And the aquaponics is the dirty water of the fish,

aquaponics就是将养鱼用的脏水

by a water pump, feeds the plants above.

通过水泵来浇灌鱼缸上面的植物

And the plants will filter, by the roots,

这些植物用根来

the dirty water of the fish.

过滤养鱼用的脏水

After, it goes back into the fish tank.

过滤后的水再回到鱼缸中

After that you have two options.

之后你有两个选择

Or you sit down in front of it like you would do in front your TV set.

要么像坐在电视机前收看“惊奇频道”一样

Amazing channel.

坐在过滤器前

Or you start fishing.

要么开始钓鱼

And you make some sushis with a fish

你可以用鱼和上面芳香的植物

and the aromatic plants above.

来做寿司

Because you can grow some potatoes.

你可以种一些土豆

No, not potatoes, but tomatoes,

不，不是土豆 是西红柿

aromatic plants and so on.

芳香植物等等

So now we can breathe safely.

现在我们可以安全地呼吸

Now we can eat local food.

我们可以吃到本地食品

Now we can be treated by smart medicine.

我们可以通过服用智能的药物来治疗疾病

Now we can be well-balanced in our biorhythm

我们可以在日光的陪伴下

with daylight.

保持良好的生物节律平衡

But it was important to create a perfect place,

为工作和创作来建造一个

so I tried to,

完美的地方是十分重要的

in order to work and create.

所以我就尝试了一下

So I designed, for an American scientist based in Paris,

我为一位在巴黎的美国科学家

a very stimulative, brain-stimulative office.

设计了一间非常具有激发性的，激发大脑的办公室

I wanted to create a perfect place

我想建造出一个完美的地方

where you can work and play,

在这里你可以工作和娱乐

and where your body and your brain can work together.

在这里你的身体和头脑可以一起工作

So, in this office,

所以，在这间办公室里

you do not work anymore at your desk, like a politician.

你再也不会像政治家一样在书桌前工作

Your seat, your sleep and your play

皮革构成的表面结构坚固的岛状物

on a big geodesic island made of leather.

可用为座椅，床铺以及娱乐之地

See, like this one?

看，就像这个

In this office you do not work and write and draw on a sheet of paper,

在这间办公室里你不用在纸上工作或书写

but you draw directly on a kind of huge whiteboard cave,

而是在一种巨大的白板洞里直接绘图

like a prehistoric scientist.

就像史前科学家那样

So you, like that, can make some sport during your work.

这样 你在工作时还可以做一些运动

In this office

在这间办公室里

you do not need to go out

你不需要走到外面去

in order to be in contact with nature.

就能够接触自然

You include, directly, the nature in the floor of the office.

这间办公室的地板直接包含了自然的一部分

You can see it there.

你可以在那里看到

This is an inspiration image

这是给这个办公室项目

to lead this project of the office.

带来灵感的一幅图片

It really helped me to design it.

它的确帮助了我去设计这个办公室

I never show it to my client. He would be so afraid.

我从来没有给我的顾客看这个，否则他会很生气

(Laughter)

(笑声)

Just for my workshop.

仅供我的工作组使用

I guess it may be the revenge of the guinea pig I was.

我猜这也许是对我曾被当作实验小鼠的一种报复

But it's maybe the conviction

又或者这也许是因为我深信

as monkey and homunculus we are.

我们就是猴子和“矮人”

All of us need to be considered according to our real nature.

我们应该根据自身的本性来看待自己

Thank you very much.

非常感谢

(Applause)

掌声