Mathieu Lehanneur demos science-inspired design

譯者: Jean Chen 審譯者: Adrienne Lin

One morning, in the year 1957,

在1957年一個早上

the neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield

神經外科醫師Walter Penfield

saw himself like this,

看見他自己像是

a weird freak with huge hands,

一個有雙巨大的手的怪人

huge mouth,

一個大嘴巴

and a tiny bottom.

和一個小屁股

Actually this creature

事實上這個生物

is the result of the Penfield research.

是他的研究結果

He named it homunculus.

他把這個生物取叫侏儒

Basically the homunculus is

基本上這侏儒是

the visualization of a human being

將人類視覺化

where each part of the body is proportional

其身體的各部位是與

to the surface it takes in the brain.

在腦袋中的表面積成等比例的

So, of course, homunculus is definitely not a freak.

所以，當然，侏儒絕不是怪物

It's you. It's me.

它是你。它是我。

It's our invisible reality.

它是我們肉眼不可見的實體

This visualization could explain, for example,

這樣的視覺化可以解釋成，比方，

why newborns, or smokers,

為什麼新生兒或吸煙者

put, instinctively, their fingers in the mouth.

直覺地將他們的手指放在他們的口中

Unfortunately it doesn't explain why

很不幸地，它並沒有解釋原因

so many designers remain mainly interested

所以很多設計家主要還是

in designing chairs.

對設計椅子感興趣

So anyway, even if I do not understand science entirely,

不管如何，即使我不完全地了解科學

for my design I essentially refer to it.

對我的設計，我必須參考科學

I'm fascinated by its ability to

我深感著迷的是它能

deeply investigate the human being,

深入地探索人類

its way of working, its way of feeling.

人類的運作方式、人類的情感方式

And it really helps me to understand

而且科學真的幫我了解

how we see, how we hear,

我們如何看、如何聽

how we breathe, how our brain can inform or mislead us.

如何呼吸、以及我們的腦袋如何能通知或誤導我們

It's a great tool for me

對我來説它是很好的工具

to understand what could be our real needs.

讓我了解什麼是我們真正的需求

Marketing people have never been able to do that.

行銷人沒有辦法做到這個

Marketing reduces things. Marketing simplifies.

行銷減少事情，行銷減化事情

Marketing creates user groups.

行銷發明使用者團體

And scientists, amidst complexity,

而科學家，在複雜中，

amidst fluctuation and uniqueness.

在波動以及特有中處理事務

What could be our real needs?

什麼可能是我們真實的需求？

Maybe the silence.

或許是科學。

In our daily life we are continuously disturbed by

在我們的日常生活中，我們不斷地被

aggressive sounds.

令人不悅的聲音干擾

And you know all those kind of sound puts us

你知道那些聲音讓我們處在

in a kind of stressful state,

一種壓力很大的狀態中

and prevent us from being quiet and focused.

並且使我們無法安靜與專注

So I wanted to create a kind of

於是我想發明一種

sound filter,

聲音的過濾器

able to preserve ourselves from noise pollution.

能保護我們不受噪音的干擾

But I didn't want it to make it by

但我不想讓它變成

isolating people, without any earmuffs

隔離人的產品。沒有任何電磁場

or those kind of things.

或這類東西

Or neither with including complex technology.

也不想有任何複雜的科技

I just wanted to, using the complexity

我只是想使用腦子的複雜性

and the technology of the brain, of the human brain.

和腦子的科技

So I worked with white noise.

所以我的發明針對白噪音

dB is basically --

D.B基本上是

dB is the name of the product,

D.B 是產品的名稱，基本上它是

basically a white noise diffuser.

白噪音的擴散器

This is white noise.

這是白噪音

The white noise is the sum of all frequencies

白噪音是所有頻率的總和

that are audible by the human being,

其在人類的聽覺範圍內

brought to the same intensity.

帶著相同的強度

And this noise is like a "shhhhhhhhhhhhh," like that.

且這噪音像〝噓〞聲那樣

And this noise is the most neutral.

這個噪音是最中性的

It is the perfect sound for our ears and our brain.

它是對我們的耳朵和腦袋來説最完美的聲音

So when you hear this sound

所以當你聽到這個聲音

you feel like a kind of shelter,

你會感到有個屏障

preserved from noise pollution.

將噪音阻擋在你之外

And when you hear the white noise, your brain is immediately focused on it.

同時當你聽到這白噪音時，你的腦子馬上會專注於它

And do not be disturbed any more by the other aggressive sound.

所以就不會被其他干擾的聲音給打擾

It seems to be magic.

它似乎很神奇

But it is just physiology. It's just in your brain.

但它只是生理學。它就在你的腦袋裡，

And in mine, I hope.

我希望也在我的腦袋裡。

So in order to make this white noise

所以為了要使這個白噪音

a little bit active and reactive,

再活潑一點，再更有反應一點，

I create a ball, a rolling ball

我發明了一個球，一個滾動的球

able to analyze and find

它能夠分析並且找到

where does aggressive sound come from,

干擾的聲音是從哪裡來的

and roll, at home or at work,

然後在家裡或在辦公室裡

towards aggressive noise,

往干擾的聲音滾動

and emits white noise in order to neutralize it.

然後發射出白噪音來中和這個干擾的聲音

(Laughter)

（笑）

It works.

它很有用

You feel the effect of the white noise?

你可以感覺到白噪音的作用？

It's too in silence.

在寂靜中它同樣可行

If you make some noise you can feel the effect.

如果你想製造一些你可以感覺到影響的聲音

So even if this object,

即使是這個物體

even if this product includes some technology,

即使這個產品包含了一些科技

it includes some speakers, it includes some microphones

它包括了一些講者，它包括了一些麥克風，

and some electronic devices,

以及一些電子設備

this object is not a very smart object.

這個物體並不是很聰明

And I don't want to make a very smart object.

而我並不想發明一個非常聰明的物體

I don't want to create a perfect object like a perfect robot.

我不想發明像完美機器人一樣的完美物體

I want to create an object like you and me.

我想發明一個像你我一樣的物體

So, definitely not perfect.

也就是説，絕不完美

So imagine, for instance, you are at home.

所以想像你現在在家

A loving dispute with your girl or boyfriend.

你和你的男女朋友正在吵架

You shout. You say, "Blah blah blah, Blah blah blah. Who is this guy?"

你大叫。你説了一大堆，然後問那個人是誰？

And dB will probably roll toward you.

然後D.B很可能會滾向你

And turning around you is "shhhhhhh," like that.

再對準你發出像"噓〞一樣的聲音

(Laughter)

（笑）

Definitely not perfect. So you would probably

絕對不完美。所以你可能會

shut it, at this point.

在這時候關掉它

(Laughter)

（笑）

Anyway, in this same kind of approach,

總之，相同的方法下，

I designed K.

我設計了K

K is a daylight receiver transmitter.

K是接收日光傳輸器

So this object is supposed to be displayed on your desk,

所以這個物品應該要放在你的桌上

or on your piano, where you are supposed

或者在你的鋼琴上，在任何你可能

to spend most of your time in the day.

在一天當中花最多時間的地方

And this object will be

而這個物品會

able to know exactly the quantity of light you receive during the day,

確切地知道你在白天時，接收到的光線品質

and able to give you the quantity of light you need.

然後給你所需的光線品質

This object is completely covered by

這個物品整個被

fiber opticals.

光學纖維所覆蓋

And the idea of those fiber opticals is to inform the object, for sure,

這些光學纖維的概念主要是為了通知這物體

but creates the idea of an

但還創造了一個

eye sensibility of the object.

這個物品視覺效果的概念

I want, by this design

我想，透過這個設計

feel, when you see it,

當你看到它時去感覺，

you see, instinctively,

直覺地去看

this object seems to be very sensitive,

這個物品似乎非常敏感

very reactive.

非常有反應

And this object knows, better than you

而且這個物品比你更了解

and probably before you, what you really need.

甚至在你自知之前，了解你需要的是什麼

You have to know that the lack of daylight

你必須知道日光的缺乏

can provoke some

會引起一些

problem of energy, or problem of libido.

能量的問題或性慾的問題

So, a huge problem.

所以説是很大的問題

(Laughter)

（笑）

Most of the projects I work on --

很多我處理的專案

I live in collaboration with scientists.

利用科學家的分級

I'm just a designer. So I need them.

我只是一個設計者。所以我需要它們

So there can be some biologists,

所以可以有一些生物學家，

psychiatrists, mathematicians, and so on.

心理諮詢專家，數學家等。

And I submit them, my intuitions,

我向他們提出我的直覺

my hypothesis, my first ideas.

我的假設，我最初的想法

And they react. They told me what is possible, what is impossible.

然後他們反應。他們告訴我什麼可行，什麼不可行

And together we improve the original concept.

於是我們一起改進最初的概念

And we build the project to the end.

並且一起建構專案直到最後

And this kind of relationship between designer and scientist

而這種設計師和科學家之間的關係

started when I was at school.

在我還是學生時就開始了

Indeed in my studies I was a guinea pig

早年在學校時，我是好像是

for a pharmaceutical industry.

醫療產業的白老鼠

And the irony for me was

對我來説，諷刺的是

of course, I didn't do that for the sake of science progress.

我當然不是為了科學進步去做這件事的

I just do that to make money.

我只是為了賺錢去做

Anyway, this project, or this experience,

不過，這個專案，或這個經驗

make me start a new project on the design of medicine.

讓我開始一個在醫藥方面設計的新專案

You have to know that today, roughly one or two every drug pills

你要知道在今天，大約一到兩顆藥

is not taken correctly.

不是被正確服用的

So even if the active constituents

所以即使有效的成份

in pharmaceuticals made constant progress

在製藥業裡不斷地進步

in terms of chemistry, target of stability,

關於化學、標靶、或穩定性

the behavior of the patients

病人的行為

goes more and more unstable.

卻愈來愈不穩定

So we took too many of them.

所以我們吃了許多藥

We took irregular dosage.

我們不規律地使用劑量

We do not follow instructions. And so on.

我們不遵照用藥指示等等

So I wanted to create a

所以我想發明

new kind of medicine,

一種新的藥

in order to create a new kind of relationship

以發展一種新的

between the patient and the treatment.

醫病關係

So I turned traditional pills into this.

所以我讓一般的藥丸變成這個

I'm going to give you some example.

我給你們幾個例子

This one is an antibiotic.

這個是抗生素

And its purpose is to help patient

它的目的是要幫助病人

to go to the end of the treatment.

能到治療的末期

And the concept is to

而這個概念是

create a kind of onion,

發明一種洋蔥

a kind of structure in layers.

一種層疊的結構

So, you start with the darkest one.

所以，你從最黑的這個開始

And you are helped to visualize the duration of the treatment.

而且你將透過視覺化而知道整個療程所需要的時間

And you are helped to visualize the decrease of the infection.

而且你也因視覺化明白感染問題的減輕

So the first day, this is the big one.

所以第一天時，這是個大的藥丸

And you have to peel and eat one layer a day.

然後你必須每天剝下並吃下一層

And your antibiotic goes smaller and clearer.

所以你的抗生素變得愈來愈小也愈來愈乾淨

And you're waiting for recovery as you were waiting for the Christmas day.

於是你只要像等待聖誕節一樣地等待康復

And you follow the treatment like that,

所以你遵照像那樣的療程

to the end of the treatment.

直到療程結束

And here you can get the white core.

在這裡你得到白色的核心

And it means, right, you are in the recovery.

而它意味著，沒錯，你康復了

(Applause) Thank you.

謝謝

This one is a "third lung,"

這個是〞第三肺〞。

a pharmaceutical device for long-term asthma treatment.

一個為長期氣喘療程的醫療器材

I designed it to help kids to follow the treatment.

我設計它來幫助兒童們跟隨療程

So the idea of this one is to create

這個想法是去發明

a relationship between the patient of the treatment

一個醫病關係

but a relationship of dependency.

但不是依賴的關係

But in this case it is not the medication that is dependent on the patient.

在這個例子裡，不是用藥取決於病人

This is, the kids will feel

反而兒童會覺得

the therapeutic object needs him.

這個治療器材需要他

So the idea is, all night long

所以概念是：整個晚上

the elastic skin of the third lung

第三肺的彈性表面皮膚

will slowly inflate itself,

會慢慢地膨脹

including air and molecules, for sure.

當然包括空氣與分子

And when the kids wake up,

然後當小孩們醒來時

he can see the object needs him. And he take him to his mouth,

他會看見這個物體需要他。然後他將這個肺拿到他的嘴巴

and breathe the air it contains.

把裡頭的空氣吸光

So by this way,

藉由這個方式，

the kid, to take care of himself,

這小孩，為了照顧他自己

is to take care of this living object.

就是照顧這個活生生的物品

And he does not feel anymore it's relies on asthma treatment,

然後他再也不覺得是他在依賴氣喘治療

as the asthma treatment needs him.

而是這個氣喘治療需要他

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

In this guise of living object approach,

在這個偽裝的活物品的方式下

I like the idea of a kind of invisible design,

我喜歡這類肉眼不可見的設計概念

as if the function of the object

就好像這物品的作用

exists in a kind of invisible field

存在於不可見的場域中

just around the objects themselves.

只在這些物品本身

We could talk about a kind of soul,

我們可以説就像鬼的靈魂

of a ghost accompanying them.

使他們令人信服

And almost a kind of poltergeist effect.

就幾乎是一種喧鬧鬼的效果吧

So when a passive object like this one seems to be alive,

所以當像這個一樣被動的物品，似乎是活生生的時，

because it is -- woosh -- starting to move.

因為它會開始移動

And I remember an exhibition design

而且我記得，在一個設計展覽裡

I made for John Maeda,

我幫John Maeda做的，

and for the Fondation Cartier in Paris.

也是幫巴黎卡地爾基金會而做

And John Maeda was supposed to show

當時John Maeda應該要展示

several graphic animations in this exhibition.

幾個平面動畫

And my idea for this exhibition design was to create

而我對這個設計展的想法是創造

a real pong game, like this one.

一個像這樣的真實的乒乓遊戲，

And the idea was to create some self-moving benches

想法是創造一些會自己移動的長凳

in the main exhibition room.

在主展覽室裡

So the living benches would be exactly like the ball.

所以這些會動的長凳就會像球一樣

And John was so excited by this idea. He said to me, "Okay let's go."

John對這想法感到很興奮。他說〝好啊，我們就這麼做〞

I remember the day of the opening.

我記得開幕那天

I was a little bit late.

我有一點遲到了

When I bring the 10 living and self-moving benches

當我帶著十張活生生會動的長凳

in the exhibition room, John was just beside me,

到展覽室裡，John就在我旁邊

and was like, "Hmm. Hmm."

然後像"嗯，嗯〞

And he told me, after a long silence,

在安靜了很長一段時間後，他說

"I wonder, Mathieu, if

我覺得，Mathieu

people won't be more fascinated by your benches

人們會對你的椅子感到著迷

than by my videos."

反而對我的影片沒興趣

(Laughter)

（笑）

It would be a great honor, a great compliment for me,

這是很大的榮耀，對我來説是很大的讚美

if he hadn't decided to take all them off

如果他沒有在開幕兩小時前決定

two hours before the opening.

把這些椅子移走

So, huge tragedy.

將會是個大悲劇

I guess you won't be surprised if I tell you

我猜如果我告訴你們小木偶是影響我最大之一的發明

that Pinocchio is one of my great influences.

你們應該不太驚訝

Pinocchio is probably one of my best design products, my favorite one.

小木偶或許是我最好的設計產品，也是我最喜愛的

Because it is a kind of object with a conscience,

因為它是有意識的物體

able to be modified by its surroundings,

能夠因地制宜

and able to modify it as well.

也能修正它自己

The other great influence is the mine's canary.

另一個很大的影響是礦坑裡的金絲雀

In coal mines, this canary

在礦坑裡，金絲雀

was supposed to be close to the miners.

應該要和礦工們很接近

And it was singing all day long. And when it stops it means that it just died.

而且牠要整天唱歌。當牠停止歌聲就表示牠死了。

So this canary was a living alarm,

所以這隻金絲雀是個離開的警鈴

and a very efficient one.

而且非常有效

A very natural technology,

也非常天然的科技

in order to say to the miners,

為了要告訴礦工們

"The air is too bad. You have to go. It's an emergency."

空氣太糟了，你們必須離開。十分緊急

So it's, for me, a great product.

所以對我來説，這是很棒的產品

And I tried to design a kind of canary.

而我試著要設計一種金絲雀

Andrea is one.

Andrea就是一個

Andrea is a living air filter that absorbs toxic gasses

Andrea是活的空氣過濾器，能吸收有毒氣體

from air, contaminated indoor air.

從空氣中，受汙染的室內空氣

So it uses some plants to do this job,

所以它使用一些植物來做這件事

selected for their gas-filtering ability.

從植物過濾空氣的能力來挑選

You have to know, or you probably already know,

你要知道，或者你可能已經知道

that indoor air pollution is more toxic than outdoor one.

室內空氣的汙染比室外的更具毒性

So while I'm talking to you,

所以當我正在對你們説話時

the seats you are sitting on are currently emitting some

你們坐著的椅子正散發出一些

invisible and odorless toxic gas. Sorry for that. (Laughter)

肉眼看不見而且也聞不到的有毒氣體。對此我感到很抱歉。

So you are currently breathing formaldehyde.

也就是你正呼吸著甲醛

It's the same for me with the carpet.

這張地毯也一樣

And this is exactly the same at home.

而這就像在家裡

Because all the product we get constantly give away

因為所有我們有的物品都持續地散發出

the volatile component of which they're made of.

那些製造時就有的有毒成份

So let's have a look at your home.

所以讓我們看看你們的家

So your sofa, your plastic chair,

你的沙發，你的塑膠椅

your kid's toys

你小孩的玩具

give their own invisible reality. And this one is very toxic.

都散發出不可見的毒素

This is the reason why

這也是為什麼

I created, with David Edward,

我和David Edward

a scientist of Harvard University,

一個哈佛大學的科學家

an object able to absorb the toxic elements using those kind of plants.

發明一個利用這些植物吸收有毒物質的物品

But the idea is to force

但這個概念是去強迫

the air to go in the effective part of the plants.

空氣進入植物中有效的部分

Because the roots of the plant are not very effective.

因為這些植物的根部並不十分有效

Bill Wolverton from NASA

在NASA的Bill Vorveten

analyzed it cleverly in the '70s.

在70年代時，就很聰明地分析了這件事

So the idea is to create an object

所以這個想法就是去發明一個物品

able to force the air, and to be in contact at the right speed

能強迫空氣並在正確的速度下

at the right place, in all the effective parts of the plant.

與植物有效的部位接觸

So this is the final object.

所以這是最後一個物品

It will be launched next September.

它將在明天九月上市

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

This one is kind of the same approach

這個也是同樣方式

because I include, in a product

因為我在產品裡

like Andrea, some plants.

包含了像Andrea一樣的一些植物

And in this one, plants are used for the water filtration ability.

而這一個產品裡，植物是用來過濾水

And it includes some fishes as well.

所以它也包括了一些魚

But here, unlike Andrea,

但這裡不像Andrea的是

here are supposed to be eaten.

魚是可以被吃的

Indeed, this object is a domestic farm,

的確，這個物品是個家用農場

for fishes and green.

可以飼養魚與植綠

So the idea of this object

所以這個物品的概念

is to be able to get at home

是使家庭能夠得到

very local food.

非常當地的食物

The locavores

這些當地人

used to get food

曾經獲取食物

taken in a radius of 100 miles.

在方圓100哩內

Local River is able to provide you

當地的溪流能直接從你的客廳裡

food directly in your living room.

提供你食物

So the principle of this object

所以這項物品的原則是

is to create an ecosystem

發明一個生態系統

called aquaponics.

叫aquaponics

And the aquaponics is the dirty water of the fish,

而aquaponics就是魚兒使用的髒水

by a water pump, feeds the plants above.

利用幫浦供植物使用

And the plants will filter, by the roots,

然後這些植物利用根部過濾

the dirty water of the fish.

魚使用的廢水

After, it goes back into the fish tank.

再將它送回至魚缸裡

After that you have two options.

然後你有兩個選擇

Or you sit down in front of it like you would do in front your TV set.

你可以像平常一樣坐在電視機前

Amazing channel.

看有意思的節目

Or you start fishing.

或者你可以開始釣魚

And you make some sushis with a fish

然後你就可以用魚和上頭的香草

and the aromatic plants above.

做一些壽司

Because you can grow some potatoes.

因為你可以種一些馬鈴薯

No, not potatoes, but tomatoes,

不，不是馬鈴薯，是番茄

aromatic plants and so on.

香草等等

So now we can breathe safely.

所以我們就可以安全地呼吸

Now we can eat local food.

我也可以吃當地的食物

Now we can be treated by smart medicine.

我們可以被聰明的藥物治療

Now we can be well-balanced in our biorhythm

我們可以在生物韻律中達到良好的平衡

with daylight.

擁有日光

But it was important to create a perfect place,

但創造一個完美的地方也很重要

so I tried to,

所以我試著

in order to work and create.

為了工作與發明

So I designed, for an American scientist based in Paris,

所以我幫一個在巴黎的美國科學家設計了

a very stimulative, brain-stimulative office.

一個反應很好，也很有助大腦思考的辦公室

I wanted to create a perfect place

我想創造一個完美的地方

where you can work and play,

讓你可以在那工作與玩耍

and where your body and your brain can work together.

身體與頭腦可以同時運作

So, in this office,

所以在這個辦公室

you do not work anymore at your desk, like a politician.

你不再需要像一個政客，在你的桌上做事

Your seat, your sleep and your play

你的座位，你的睡眠以及你的遊戲

on a big geodesic island made of leather.

都在皮革製的大地島上

See, like this one?

看，喜歡嗎？

In this office you do not work and write and draw on a sheet of paper,

在這個辦公室裡，你不需要在一張紙上工作、寫或畫

but you draw directly on a kind of huge whiteboard cave,

但你直接劃在一個大白板的洞穴裡

like a prehistoric scientist.

像個史前的科學家

So you, like that, can make some sport during your work.

所以像這樣，你可以在工作時做些運動

In this office

在這個辦公室

you do not need to go out

你不需要為了

in order to be in contact with nature.

與大自然接觸而出門

You include, directly, the nature in the floor of the office.

你直接把大自然融入在辦公室的地板上

You can see it there.

像這張圖

This is an inspiration image

這是個很有啟發性的畫面

to lead this project of the office.

來領導這個辦公室專案

It really helped me to design it.

它真的幫我設計了辦公室

I never show it to my client. He would be so afraid.

我從沒對我的客戶展示這個。他會覺得很侮辱

(Laughter)

（笑）

Just for my workshop.

只是給我的工作室用

I guess it may be the revenge of the guinea pig I was.

我猜可能是我當白老鼠的報復吧

But it's maybe the conviction

但它也許是信念

as monkey and homunculus we are.

如果我們是人猿與侏儒

All of us need to be considered according to our real nature.

我們都需要依我們實際的天性被考慮

Thank you very much.

非常感謝你們！

(Applause)

（鼓掌）