Why gun violence can't be our new normal | Dan Gross

翻译人员: Jiawei Ni 校对人员: Jing Peng

OK, so, confession:

好吧，我要承认：

I've always been weirdly obsessed with advertising.

我一直以来对广告有着特殊的喜好。

I remember watching Saturday morning cartoons,

我记得在看周六上午的卡通片时，

paying more attention to the commercials

花在广告上的精力比节目本身都多，

我想搞明白广告商

than to the shows,

trying to figure out how they were trying to get inside my head.

是怎么把想法灌输给我的

Ultimately, that led me to my dream job.

结果这让我获得了梦寐以求的工作。

我成了纽约一家著名广告公司的合伙人。

I became a partner at a big New York ad agency.

But then, all of that suddenly changed on February 23, 1997,

然而，在1997年2月23日， 一切突然改变了，

when my little brother Matt was shot in the head

在帝国大厦观景台的一起枪击案中，

in a shooting that happened on the observation deck

我的弟弟马特头部被子弹击中。

突然，

of the Empire State Building.

Suddenly, my family was thrown into the middle of a nightmare,

我们全家陷入了黑暗的噩梦之中，

我们被告知我的弟弟会死亡，

being told that my brother was going to die,

actually being given the opportunity to say goodbye to him,

甚至还给我们机会，当面向他道别，

then several emergency brain surgeries

但经过一系列紧急脑部手术之后获救

and now what's amounted, for Matt,

对于马特来说，他余下的一生，

都要与极其痛苦的脑部损伤 进行勇敢的斗争。

to a lifetime spent courageously recovering from a traumatic brain injury.

He is definitely my hero.

他绝对是我的英雄。

但是……（掌声） 是的，他值得我们的尊敬。

But as much as (Applause) -- yeah, deserves it --

(Applause)

（掌声）

But as much as this tragedy was a nightmare for my family,

尽管这个悲剧 对我的家庭来说已经很惨痛，

I often think about how much worse it could have been;

我仍常常会想 这种情况有没有可能更糟糕；

in fact, how much worse it is for the 90 families every day

事实上，对于每天90个 没那么幸运的家庭来说，

who aren't as fortunate,

我不知情况会有多糟糕，

who lose loved ones -- brothers, sisters, sons, daughters, parents.

他们丧失了挚爱的亲人： 兄弟姐妹、儿女、父母。

并不是每个人都能登上新闻头条

They don't all make national headlines.

In fact, most of them don't.

或者说，大部分不能。

They go largely unnoticed,

他们大多都不被关注，

in a nation that's kind of come to accept a disgraceful national epidemic

这个国家大概把 这种可耻的全国性灾难

as some kind of new normal.

当成某种新常态了。

So I quit my job in advertising

于是我辞去了广告商的工作，

试着对这丢人的现象做点什么

to try and do something about this disgraceful national epidemic,

because I came to realize

因为我认识到

that the challenges to preventing gun violence

杜绝枪械暴力所带来的挑战

are actually the same ones that made me love advertising,

正如同我所热爱的广告一样

which is to try to figure out how to engage people.

都是在找出如何感染他人

Only instead of doing it to sell products,

只是广告卖的是商品

doing it to save lives.

我们是在拯救生命

And that comes down to finding common ground,

我要找的是共同点

where what I want overlaps with what you want.

也就是你我愿望的相交之处

And you might be surprised to learn, when it comes to gun violence,

你可能会讶异， 提及到枪械暴力的话题

just how much common ground there is.

我们有很多相同的想法

举个例子， 对于数百万的美国民众

Let's look, for example, at people who love to hunt,

打猎是个大家喜爱的休闲运动

a sport enjoyed by millions across the US.

It's a proud tradition. Families.

这是一个家庭的光荣传统

In some places,

在一些地方，

打猎季的第一天 学校甚至会放假

the first day of hunting season is actually a school holiday.

What do hunters want?

猎人们想要什么？

Well, they want to hunt. They love their guns.

他们要的是能打猎， 他们喜爱他们的枪

They believe deeply

他们深深相信

in the Second Amendment right to own those guns.

第二修正案赋予了 他们持枪的权力

But that doesn't mean there isn't common ground.

但这并不代表我和他们的想法完全相左

In fact, there's a lot of it,

事实上，我们有很多相同之处

从避免枪枝落入危险的人手中 的基本概念讲起

starting with the basic idea of keeping guns out of dangerous hands.

This isn't about taking certain guns away from all people.

这并不代表把枪从所有人手上夺走

It's about keeping all guns away from certain people,

而只是针对特定的一些人

and it's the people that, it turns out, we all agree shouldn't have guns:

我们对谁不该拥有枪支也有共识

convicted violent criminals, domestic abusers,

暴力分子，家暴者，

the dangerously mentally ill.

严重精神病患者

We can all appreciate

我们感谢

how Brady background checks have been incredibly effective

布雷迪背景调查法有效地防止

in keeping guns out of those dangerous hands.

枪支落入特定人的手中

In 20 years, Brady background checks at federally licensed firearm dealers

20年内，有联邦许可证的枪支经销商 依据布雷迪背景调查法

拒绝向不符合要求的人群出售枪支

have blocked 2.4 million gun sales

to those people that we all agree shouldn't have guns.

交易数量高达2400万笔

(Applause)

(掌声）

And whether you love guns or hate guns, you probably also appreciate

不论你喜不喜欢枪

that there shouldn't be thousands of gun sales every day

可能都不希望在枪展或网上

at guns shows or online

看到每天有数千支枪

without those Brady background checks,

卖给那些未经背景审查的人

just like there shouldn't be two lines to get on an airplane --

就像搭飞机不该有两条线

one with security and one with no security.

一条给检查过的人， 另一条不过安检

And --

而...

(Applause)

(掌声)

And the numbers show the overwhelming agreement among the American public:

而统计数字也表现了 美国大众压倒性的赞成:

90 percent of Americans support expanding Brady background checks

90%赞成将 布雷迪背景调查法

扩展到任何形式的枪支买卖

to all gun sales -- including 90 percent of Republicans,

more than 80 percent of gun owners,

这些人包含90%共和党人， 过80%的拥枪者

more than 70 percent of NRA members.

过70%美国全国步枪协会会员

This is not a controversial idea.

这个想法并没有争议

In fact, only six percent of the American public disagrees.

只有6%的美国人反对

That's about the percentage of the American public

就大概跟认为登陆月球

that believes the moon landing was a fake.

是假的的人数差不多

(笑声)

(Laughter)

And it's also about the percentage that believes the government

也跟认为政府在电视讯号

is putting mind-controlling technology in our TV broadcast signals.

加入洗脑技术的人数差不多

That's the extent to which we agree about background checks.

这就是我们对背景调查的认同程度

But what about the 300 million guns

那么，

already out there in homes across America?

已经流入市面的3亿支枪怎么办呢？

Well first, it's important to realize

首先，我们必须知道

那些枪多数都在像咱们这样

that those guns are mostly in the hands and homes

of decent, law-abiding people like you and me,

奉公守法的好公民手中

who want what we all want -- including keeping our families safe.

我们用枪来保卫家人安全

In fact, that's why more and more people are choosing to own guns.

这也是越来越多人选择买枪的原因

Ten years ago, 42 percent of the American public

10 年前，42% 的美国人认为

错误地认为有枪等于安全

believed -- incorrectly -- that a gun makes your home safer.

Today, that number is 63 percent.

现在，这个数字增长到 63%

Why?

为什么？

I kind of hate to say it,

我不怎么想这么说

because it gets to the dark underbelly of advertising,

这是因为广告的黑暗效能

which is if you tell a big enough lie enough times,

如果你讲一个谎话，次数多了

eventually that lie becomes the truth.

它最终便成为了事实

而购买枪支这件事也是这样

And that's exactly what's happened here.

军火商花了数十亿美元

The corporate gun lobby has spent billions of dollars

blocking the CDC from doing research into the public health epidemic

阻止疾病管制局进行

of gun violence;

枪枝暴力研究；

blocking pediatricians from talking to parents

阻止儿科医师跟家长讲

about the dangers of guns in the home;

有枪在家对小孩的危险性；

blocking smart-gun technology and other technology

阻止发展智能枪支技术，

它可以有效地防止小孩使用家长的枪

that would prevent kids from firing parents' guns

and would save lives.

从而拯救生命

They're desperate to hide the truth,

他们费尽心思隐瞒事实

因为事实威胁到了他们的收益底线

because they view the truth as a threat to their bottom line.

And every day,

正是如此，

people are dying as a result.

每天都有人被枪杀

And a lot of those people are children.

他们中多数都是小孩

在美国，

Every day in the US,

nine kids are just shot unintentionally.

每天有9名孩童无辜被杀

900 children and teens take their own lives every year.

每年有900名小孩或青少年举枪自尽

And here's the thing: they're almost all with a parent's gun.

而且，他们多半用的是家长的枪

Even two-thirds of school shootings happen with a gun taken from the home,

甚至三分之二的校园射击案 的凶枪都是家里带来的

including the terrible tragedy

这包含了桑迪·胡克小学枪击案

at Sandy Hook.

那场悲剧

I meet so many of these parents;

我遇过太多受害者家长

it's the most heartbreaking part of my job.

这是我工作最令人心碎的部分

These are not bad people.

他们也没杀人放火

They're just living with the unimaginable consequences of a very bad decision,

只是受到一群坏人的教唆

made based on very bad information

通过错误信息所做出的烂决定

that was put into their minds by very bad people,

带来了不可想象的结果

who know good and well the misery that they're causing,

那群坏人知道他们造成的悲剧

but just don't care.

但并不在乎

And the result is a nightmare --

而结果就是这场恶梦

不只像我这样的家庭

not only for families like mine,

but for, really, at the end of the day, all of us.

而是最终，大家都会受到伤害

But I'm not here to talk about the nightmare of gun violence.

我不是来用枪支暴力恐吓大家的

I'm here to talk about our dream, and it's a dream we all share,

我是来讲一个大家都有的憧憬

which is the dream of a better, safer, future.

一个更安全美好的未来

For my organization, for the Brady Campaign,

对于我的机构和布雷德运动来说

that dream is reflected in the bold goal

这个梦想将是

to cut the number of gun deaths in the US in half by 2025.

在2025年之前，美国枪支致死数减半

而今晚我将让你了解

And I hope to leave all of you here tonight

with a strong sense of exactly why that dream is so absolutely within reach.

实现这个梦想是有极大可能的

Because folks,

因为，诸位

for every great movement around the world,

世界历史上的每一伟大变革

there's a moment where you can look back and say,

都有一刻 ，能让你回首说

"That's when things really started to change."

「事情从那一刻开始不同。」

我现在要说

And I'm here to say

that for the movement to end gun violence in America,

对于停止美国枪支暴力

that moment is here.

那一刻就是现在

(Applause)

(掌声)

We are so clearly at a tipping point,

我们站在如此清晰的转折点上，

because the American public has come together by the millions

美国人民前所未有的团结

大家站在相同的立场

like never before, based on that common ground,

to say, "Enough."

说“够了”

Enough of the mass shootings in malls and movie theaters

受够了商场或电影院

and churches and schools.

或教堂或学校的大规模枪击事件

Enough of the daily terror of gun violence in homes and streets

受够了每天在街头巷尾或家中

that's claimed the lives of women and young black men

夺走妇女和黑人少年生命的

in staggering proportions.

频繁爆发的枪支暴力

Enough of easy access to guns

受够了那些不应得到枪的人

by the people that we all agree shouldn't have them.

那么容易就买到枪

And enough of a small group of craven politicians

受够了少数没有担当的政客

putting the interests of the corporate gun lobby

背弃他的选民

而向军火利益靠拢

ahead of the people they have been elected to represent.

够了

Enough.

(Applause)

（掌声）

And the really exciting thing is, it's not just the usual suspects like me

更令人兴奋的是 不只是像我这样的一部分人

that are saying it anymore.

如此主张

It's so much bigger than that.

支持的人数超乎想象

And if you want proof,

如果你需要证据

那么我们从最具争议的地方讲起

let's start where most conversations in the US seem to start --

with Kim Kardashian.

我是说 金 卡戴珊

（笑声）

(Laughter)

And here's the thing: it's not really a joke.

我不是在开玩笑

I mean, think about when issues change.

我是说， 这个问题改变

It's when they go from being political and advocacy issues

是基于政治和宣传上的改变

是多亏于成为流行文化的一部分

to being part of pop culture,

voices coming from everywhere, celebrities using their platforms,

从各界发出的声音， 名人们用他们的影响力，

比如音乐家，运动员，

musicians, athletes.

The NBA has come forward.

NBA，都响应支持

你永远想不到的保守人士

Conservative pundits that you never would have imagined

have come forward.

已经出面

There's real cultural change --

这是文化上的巨大改变，

I even hear there's a TED Talk about it this year.

我甚至听说今年有个TED演讲以此为题

That's the extent to which this cultural change is happening.

这是文化改革正在发生的迹象

And yes, Kim Kardashian has made an unsolicited passionate appeal

是的 卡戴珊也在向三千五百万粉丝

to her 35 million Twitter followers

迫切呼吁

for expanded background checks.

购买枪支必须有背景调查。

Let's look at the political elections that are heating up.

让我们看看时下正热的大选

This used to be the classic third-rail issue for Democrats.

这曾经是民主党人的经典三轨困境

Couldn't run from it fast enough.

大家都恨不得逃之夭夭

Now candidates are running on it.

现在候选人们正在面对它

有些人曾一味地强词夺理

Some are being forced to reverse very bad positions

直到最近才被迫改变

they defended very comfortably, until very recently.

For somebody like me,

有一些像我一样的人

看著人们宣扬着他们的负面NRA评级

watching people wave around their negative NRA ratings --

看上去非常超现实

it's almost surreal to watch.

We're still outfunded, yes, by the corporate gun lobby,

因为有军火业的支持 他们仍然比我们更有资源

但最终那需要被改变

and ultimately that needs to change.

But you know what?

但你要知道

We're smarter and we're scrappier, and we have the truth on our side.

我们更聪明 我们更有斗志 我们站在真理这一边

而且，我们处在进攻的位置上

And we're on offense.

You know, they say that the Internet democratizes information.

你知道 他们说网络 可以将信息变得更加民主

Social media and some of the organizing tools that plug into it

社交媒体和随其而来的组织

让行动变得更加民主化

have democratized activism.

It's allowed us to show what 90 percent support really looks like.

让我们可以展现九成的支持度

Sometimes I think of it --

有时 我在想

you know, we're converging and attacking instantly by the millions,

我们会聚集起来 并瞬间以百万的数量来攻击

kind of like white blood cells.

就像白细胞

It's enabled us to start to really close -- and this is the bottom line --

它让我们真正开始团结

从根本上重建

close that disgraceful disconnect

between what the American public wants

美国人民的民意

and what our elected leaders are doing about it.

和他们选出的政客之间的断层

直到最近

Until recently,

the narrative in Congress was that calls from the other side,

国会的立场一直站在

from that six percent,

百分之六的那边

是我们的十分之一

outnumbered calls from our side 10 to one.

We're flipping that narrative on its head.

我们正在扭转局势

After that recent terrible tragedy in San Bernardino,

在最近发生在圣贝尔纳蒂诺的可怕悲剧之后

we jammed Congressional switchboards.

我们打爆了国会的电话

We put 15,000 calls into Congress in 24 hours.

我们在24小时里给国会打了15000个电话

然而你知道吗

And you know what?

We got a vote on a bill

我们通过了一项法案

that nobody thought was going to see the light of day anytime soon.

一项没有任何人看好的法案

We're seeing real movement to repeal some of the most evil,

我们看到过去十年因为金钱关系

ugly gun lobby legislation passed over the last dark decade.

而通过的那些枪支恶法逐一被取消

The stranglehold of the gun lobby is clearly being broken.

游说不再像过去那样易如反掌

We've seen President Obama's historic executive actions.

我们看见奥巴马总统历史性的行政命令

They don't go all the way,

或许不很彻底

but they are going to save lives,

但已经足够拯救某些生命

because they expand Brady background checks

背景调查法案扩展的部分

to thousands of gun sales that didn't have them previously.

将强制落实到数以千计的枪支交易当中

And we're marching across the country -- we're not just waiting

我们没有在等待国会有所作为

for Congress to act; that would almost be the definition of insanity.

因为那样毫无可能

We're marching across the country,

我们在全国游行

state by state, marriage-equality style.

一个州接着另一个州 跟婚姻平权一样

And you know what? We're winning.

你知道吗？我们会赢

Congress is almost always the last to wake up and realize

国会总是最后一个意识到

that it's on the wrong side of history.

它们正站在历史的对面

And when they do, it's always because the American public shakes them.

它们需要美国民众来推动

那也正是我们在做的事情

And that's exactly what we're doing right now,

as we're in this tipping point.

因为我们处在这样一个临界点

You know, recently I was flying cross-country to give a speech

最近我为了巡迴演讲飞遍全国

to a large group like this, although far less intimidating,

虽然我的听众没有今天这么吓人

and the woman sitting next to me happened to be binge-watching

坐在我旁边的女士正在看

我最喜欢的节目《广告狂人》

one of my all-time favorite TV shows, "Mad Men,"

一个在20世纪六十年代的

a period TV show about advertising

in the 1960s.

关于广告的电视剧

当我在想如何结束我的演讲

And as I was trying to think about how to end my remarks,

I'd glance up at her screen every now and then,

我不时抬头看看她的屏幕

而每当我这么做时

and it seemed that every time I did,

I'd see somebody smoking in an office or around children

屏幕里不时有人在办公室 或在孩子面前或孕妇吸烟

or while pregnant or drinking and driving

要不然就是酒后驾驶

开车不系安全带、办公室性骚扰

or driving without seat belts or sexually harassing a coworker.

最终，我恍然大悟

And ultimately it dawned on me:

what tremendous inspiration

这对我们这些急迫想要改革枪支文化的人

to those of us who have this dream to end gun violence.

是多么大的鼓舞

I mean, think about how much the world has changed

想想看这个世界在这短短几年里

in a relatively short period of time,

改变了多少

how all those behaviors that were once considered commonplace or normal --

那些大家曾经习以为常

some even glamorous or sexy --

甚至觉得优雅或性感的行为

在短短一两代人的时间里 变得不可想像

have become stigmatized in just a generation or two,

once they became conversations about our common ground.

只要通过对话，寻找共识

That is the magnitude of the change we have the potential to create

就能把改变枪支暴力文化的可能性

around gun violence.

变为现实

And that's my dream,

这就是我的梦想

that maybe someday,

或许在未来的某一天

some period TV show will depict the terrible nightmare of gun violence,

某些古装剧会描绘恐怖的枪械文化

and a future generation of children might only be able to imagine

而我们的下一代只能想像

how terrible it must have been.

那曾经是怎样恐怖的梦魇

谢谢

Thank you.

(Applause)

（掌声)

谢谢

Thank you.

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）