Mae Jemison on teaching arts and sciences together

翻译人员: Xinli Geng 校对人员: Ricki Xie

What I want to do today is spend some time talking about some stuff

我今天来这里

是想花点时间

that's giving me a little bit of existential angst,

讨论一下过去两年中，

让我产生了一些“存在主义焦虑”（没有更好的表达方法了）

for lack of a better word,

over the past couple of years.

的一些事情。

And basically, these three quotes tell what's going on.

以下的三段引言

基本上表述了我所思考的事情。

"When God made the color purple, God was just showing off,"

“上帝创造紫色的目的

不过是想炫耀而已“ ，

Alice Walker wrote in "The Color Purple."

这是爱丽丝·沃克尔在《紫色》中所说的。

And Zora Neale Hurston wrote in "Dust Tracks On A Road,"

佐拉·尼尔赫·斯顿在

《公路上尘土飞扬》中说道：

"Research is a formalized curiosity.

“科学研究就是一种形式化了的好奇心。

它是有目的的探索和猎奇。”

It's poking and prying with a purpose."

最后一个：

And then finally, when I think about the near future,

当我想到不远的将来的时候，

we have this attitude, "Well, whatever happens, happens."

大家都知道我们有这么一种态度：

”该发生的总要发生嘛”， 对吧？

Right?

这跟柴郡猫的话意思差不多：

So that goes along with the Cheshire Cat saying,

“如果你并不在乎

"If you don't care much where you want to get to,

你想到达什么地方，

it doesn't much matter which way you go."

那么走哪条路也就不那么重要了。”

But I think it does matter which way we go and what road we take,

但是我认为，

走哪条路还是有区别的。

because when I think about design in the near future,

因为当我想到不久的将来时，

我觉得最重要的

what I think are the most important issues,

真正至关重要的，

what's really crucial and vital,

是我们需要

is that we need to revitalize the arts and sciences right now,

让艺术和科学恢复它们原有的活力，

就是现在，也就是2002年。

in 2002.

(Applause)

（掌声）

当我们描述

If we describe the near future as 10, 20, 15 years from now,

10年、15年、20年以后的图景，

你会发现我们今天所做的

that means that what we do today is going to be critically important,

对将来至关重要，

because in the year 2015, in the year 2020, 2025,

因为在2015年、

2020年、2025年，

the world our society is going to be building on,

我们的社会将构筑在

我们现有的基本知识、抽象概念

the basic knowledge and abstract ideas,

和新发现的基础上。

the discoveries that we came up with today,

就像我们在TED大会上所听到

just as all these wonderful things we're hearing about

的精彩演讲一样，

here at the TED conference

现在我们对演讲中提到的事物

that we take for granted in the world right now,

已经习以为常了。

were really knowledge and ideas that came up

但其实这些知识和概念

也就是在上世纪50年代、60年代和70年代才出现的。

in the 50s, the 60s and the 70s.

这些知识也是我们今天做研究的基础。

That's the substrate that we're exploiting today.

Whether it's the internet,

不管是因特网、基因工程、

genetic engineering, laser scanners,

激光扫描仪、导弹、光纤、

guided missiles, fiber optics, high-definition television,

高清电视、

传感、空间遥感，

remote sensing from space and the wonderful remote-sensing photos

以及我们今天看到的

空间遥感器拍到的美丽图片，

that we see in 3D weaving, TV programs like Tracker and Enterprise,

还有三维编织、像“追踪”（Tracker）和“公司”（Enterprise）这样的电视节目，

可读写光驱、

CD-rewrite drives, flat-screen, Alvin Ailey's "Suite Otis,"

平板电视和阿尔文·艾利（Alvin Ailey）舞团的“Suite Otis"，

或者莎拉·琼斯的说唱乐作品

or Sarah Jones's "Your Revolution Will Not [Happen] Between These Thighs,"

”Your Revolution Will Not Be Between These Thighs“

which, by the way, was banned by the FCC,

顺便提一下，后者被FCC禁播，

or ska --

或者ska。所有的这些，

all of these things, without question, almost without exception,

毫无疑问、毫无例外的，

都建立在多年以前的理念、

are really based on ideas and abstract and creativity

抽象概念

和创造力的基础上。

from years before.

So we have to ask ourselves:

因此我们必须得问自己：

What are we contributing to that legacy right now?

”我们要为将来做些什么贡献？“

当我开始思考这个问题的时候，

And when I think about it,

我真的有些担心。

I'm really worried.

To be quite frank, I'm concerned.

老实说我很担忧。

I'm skeptical that we're doing very much of anything.

我怀疑我们并没有做什么有意义的事情。

We're, in a sense,

从某种意义上说，

failing to act in the future.

我们没有为未来打好基础。

We're purposefully, consciously being laggards.

我们有意识的、故意的滞后于社会的发展，

我们落后了。

We're lagging behind.

精神科医生弗朗兹·范农，

Frantz Fanon, who was a psychiatrist from Martinique, said,

他来自马尔廷科(Martinque)，曾经说过

"Each generation must, out of relative obscurity,

“每一代都应该在相对无知的状态下

努力去发现他们的使命，而后或实现或背叛其使命。“

discover its mission

and fulfill or betray it."

那么我们的使命是什么？什么是我们必须完成的？

What is our mission? What do we have to do?

我认为我们的使命就是

I think our mission is to reconcile, to reintegrate

让科学和艺术

重新成为一家人。

science and the arts,

because right now, there's a schism that exists in popular culture.

因为当前的科学和艺术在流行文化中

是被割离的。我们都知道，

People have this idea that science and the arts are really separate;

很多人认为

科学和艺术是两样不同的东西，

we think of them as separate and different things.

认为它们之间存在很大差别。

And this idea was probably introduced centuries ago,

这样的想法

可能几百年前就产生了，

but it's really becoming critical now,

但现在它变得越来越重要了，

因为我们每天

because we're making decisions about our society every day

都在为社会的发展方向做决策。

that, if we keep thinking that the arts are separate from the sciences,

如果我们继续认为

艺术与科学是毫不相干的，

如果我们还认为一个人说“我对这个一窍不通，

and we keep thinking it's cute to say,

对那个知之甚少。”

"I don't understand anything about this one,

是一种可爱的表现的话，

I don't understand anything about the other one,"

我们将会遇到麻烦。

then we're going to have problems.

我知道在座的诸位不会这么认为，

Now, I know no one here at TED thinks this.

我们所有人都已经知道

All of us, we already know that they're very connected.

这两者（艺术和科学）是紧密联系的。

But I'm going to let you know that some folks in the outside world,

但信不信由你，

这个世界上确实有一些人

believe it or not, think it's neat when they say,

会自鸣得意地说：

"Scientists and science is not creative.

”科学家和科学是缺乏创造力的。

科学家可能很灵巧，

Maybe scientists are ingenious, but they're not creative."

但他们没有创意“。

And then we have this tendency,

与此同时，我们也经常听到职业咨询师

the career counselors and various people say things

或者其他人这么说：

like, "Artists are not analytical.

”艺术家是没有分析能力的。

他们可能有独创性，

They're ingenious, perhaps,

但不具备分析能力”。

but not analytical."

And when these concepts underlie our teaching

一旦这样的思想主导我们的教育

and what we think about the world,

以及我们对世界的看法时，

then we have a problem,

我们就会有麻烦。

because we stymie support for everything.

因为我们等于是自绝门路。

By accepting this dichotomy,

一旦我们接受了这种“二分法”，

whether it's tongue-in-cheek,

不管是否由衷的相信，

when we attempt to accommodate it in our world,

当我们试图在现实世界中应用这种法则，

and we try to build our foundation for the world,

并使之成为我们构筑一切事物的基础，

we're messing up the future,

我们就是在破坏未来。

because: Who wants to be uncreative?

试问：有谁想成为没有创意的人呢？

又有谁希望自己毫无逻辑思维能力呢？

Who wants to be illogical?

有天赋的人能够出现在任何一边，

Talent would run from either of these fields

然而如果你非要逼着他们二选一的话，

if you said you had to choose either.

Then they'll go to something where they think,

他们将选择另外一个领域

并告诉自己："“我可以既有创意

"Well, I can be creative and logical at the same time."

又有逻辑分析能力啊”。

Now, I grew up in the '60s and I'll admit it --

我成长在60年代。老实说，

actually, my childhood spanned the '60s,

实际上我的童年跨越了整个60年代，

and I was a wannabe hippie,

那时我想成为一名嬉皮，

and I always resented the fact that I wasn't old enough to be a hippie.

常常恨自己年龄太小，

当不了名副其实的嬉皮士。

And I know there are people here, the younger generation,

我知道在座的当中

也有想要成为嬉皮的年轻人，

who want to be hippies.

人们常常谈论60年代，

People talk about the '60s all the time.

谈及那个时候有多混乱，

And they talk about the anarchy that was there.

但对我而言，

But when I think about the '60s,

60年代留给我印象最深的，

what I took away from it was that there was hope for the future.

是对未来的希望。

We thought everyone could participate.

那时候我们认为任何人都能参与（对未来的建设），

There were wonderful, incredible ideas that were always percolating,

许许多多的奇思妙想

在我们中间层出不穷。

当下这些很新奇很酷的东西

and so much of what's cool or hot today

其最初的构思其实出现在那个时代。

is really based on some of those concepts,

不管是人们试图使用

whether it's people trying to use the Prime Directive from Star Trek,

“星际迷航”中的“首要指令”

being involved in things,

参与各项事务。

or, again, that three-dimensional weaving and fax machines

还是刚才提到的三维编织，

或者是我从”每周读者“中得知的传真机。

that I read about in my weekly readers

这些技术和工程

that the technology and engineering was just getting started.

在当时都刚刚起步而已。

But the '60s left me with a problem.

但60年代同时也给我带来了一个问题，

You see, I always assumed I would go into space,

我总是想象自己能到宇宙太空去看一看。

因为我太迷恋这些东西。

because I followed all of this.

但我也同样喜欢艺术和科学。

But I also loved the arts and sciences.

你看，我一路走来，

You see, when I was growing up as a little girl and as a teenager,

从小女孩到青少年时期，

I loved designing and making doll clothes

我一直很喜欢给小狗设计和制作衣服，

一直梦想成为一名时装设计师。

and wanting to be a fashion designer.

I took art and ceramics.

我上过艺术和陶艺课程，我还很喜欢跳舞，

I loved dance: Lola Falana, Alvin Ailey, Jerome Robbins.

喜欢萝拉·法拉纳，阿尔文·艾利，杰罗姆·罗宾斯。

我还曾疯狂的迷恋“双子星”

And I also avidly followed the Gemini and the Apollo programs.

和“阿波罗”计划。

I had science projects and tons of astronomy books.

我做过一些科学项目，还拥有大量天文书籍。

我上过微积分和哲学课程，

I took calculus and philosophy.

I wondered about infinity and the Big Bang theory.

我思考过”宇宙无限“的意义，

以及”大爆炸“理论。

作为斯坦福的学生，

And when I was at Stanford, I found myself, my senior year,

我发现，在我大四的时候

chemical engineering major,

虽然我的专业是化学工程，

half the folks thought I was a political science and performing arts major,

但有一半人认为我是学政治和表演的。

其实也对，

which was sort of true, because I was Black Student Union President,

因为我那时侯除了担任黑人学生联合会的主席，

and I did major in some other things.

的确还学习过其他的专业。

And I found myself the last quarter

最后一个学期的时候，

juggling chemical engineering separation processes,

我同时做了很多事情，包括学习化学工程分解过程，

logic classes, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,

逻辑课，研究核磁共振光谱，

and also producing and choreographing a dance production.

还制作和编排了

一个舞蹈作品。

我同时还要做照明和设计的工作。

And I had to do the lighting and the design work,

and I was trying to figure out:

那时我在思考

我是应该去纽约

Do I go to New York City to try to become a professional dancer,

从事舞蹈行业呢

还是去上医学院。

or to go to medical school?

Now, my mother helped me figure that one out.

最终我妈妈帮我做了决定。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But when I went into space, I carried a number of things up with me.

然而，后来当我走进太空的时候，

我随身带了一些东西，

I carried a poster by Alvin Ailey --

其中包括一张阿尔文·艾利的海报－

you can figure out now, I love the dance company --

你们已经知道他是谁了

我喜欢那个舞蹈团。

an Alvin Ailey poster of Judith Jamison performing the dance "Cry,"

这张朱迪·詹姆森表演舞蹈“哭泣”的海报，

dedicated to all black women everywhere;

献给全世界所有黑人女性同胞。

a Bundu statue, which was from the women's society in Sierra Leone;

还带了一尊本杜的塑像，

是塞拉利昂的妇女协会送给我的，

and a certificate for the Chicago Public School students

还有一份颁发给芝加哥公立学校的一份证书，

是用来鼓励那些

to work to improve their science and math.

努力学习科学和数学的学生。

And folks asked me,

人们都问我，

"Why did you take up what you took up?"

“你为什么带这些东西？”

我回答说：

And I had to say,

"Because it represents human creativity;

“因为这体现了人类的创造力“。

有了这种创造力，

the creativity that allowed us,

我们才能够构思、建造

that we were required to have to conceive and build and launch

和发射航天飞机。

the space shuttle,

这跟雕刻一尊本杜的塑像所需要的想象力和分析能力

which springs from the same source as the imagination and analysis

在本质上是同源的，

that it took to carve a Bundu statue,

跟设计、编排和表演

or the ingenuity it took to design, choreograph and stage "Cry."

舞蹈”哭泣“所需要的独创性也是同源的。

只是它们借助不同的的表达形式，

Each one of them are different manifestations, incarnations,

是人类创造力的不同化身和

of creativity -- avatars of human creativity.

不同表现而已。

这就需要我们去调整思维，

And that's what we have to reconcile in our minds,

思考这些事情之间的联系。

how these things fit together.

The difference between arts and sciences is not analytical versus intuitive.

艺术和科学之间的区别

并不是分析能力和直觉的区别。对吗？

Right?

E=mc²的发现

E = mc2 required an intuitive leap,

需要瞬间的灵感喷涌，

and then you had to do the analysis afterwards.

但之后你必须做逻辑分析。

爱因斯坦早就说过：

Einstein said, in fact,

"The most beautiful thing we can experience

“我们能体验到的最美丽的东西就是神秘感，

is the mysterious.

它是所有真实艺术和科学的发源地。"

It is the source of all true art and science."

Dance requires us to express and want to express

舞蹈需要我们去表达

并渴望表达生活中的一切美好。

the jubilation in life,

然而为了达到这个目标，你必须思考

but then you have to figure out:

究竟什么样的舞步

Exactly what movement do I do

to make sure it comes across correctly?

才能表达出我想要传达的东西。

艺术和科学的区别

The difference between arts and sciences

is also not constructive versus deconstructive.

也不是建构和解构的关系。

对吧？

A lot of people think of the sciences as deconstructive,

许多人认为科学是解构的，

因为你必须把事物拆开来进行研究。

you have to pull things apart.

And yeah, subatomic physics is deconstructive --

是的，亚原子物理学

的确是解构的。你确实想要

you literally try to tear atoms apart

把原子拆开来研究看看里面是什么。

to understand what's inside of them.

但是，根据我从雕塑大家那里了解到的，

But sculpture, from what I understand from great sculptors,

雕塑艺术也是解构的。

is deconstructive,

因为你看到一样东西后，

你要把不需要的部分去掉。

because you see a piece and you remove what doesn't need to be there.

生物科技是建构性的，

Biotechnology is constructive.

交响乐编曲也是建构性的。

Orchestral arranging is constructive.

所以实际上建构和解构技巧的使用

So, in fact, we use constructive and deconstructive techniques

随处可见。

in everything.

科学和艺术的区别

The difference between science and the arts

不能说成是

is not that they are different sides of the same coin, even,

一枚硬币的两面，

或一个连续体中的

or even different parts of the same continuum,

不同部分。两者其实

but rather, they're manifestations of the same thing.

是同一事物的不同表现形式。

Different quantum states of an atom?

是同一个原子的不同量子状态？

或者按照更加21世纪的说法，

Or maybe if I want to be more 21st century,

我可以说它们是

I could say that they're different harmonic resonances of a superstring.

同一根“超级弦”的不同的谐共振。

But we'll leave that alone.

我们还是不那么说吧。（笑声）

They spring from the same source.

它们有着共同的起源。

The arts and sciences are avatars of human creativity.

艺术和科学是人类创造力的化身。

是人类为了表达

It's our attempt as humans

对宇宙和周围世界的认知

to build an understanding of the universe, the world around us.

而进行的尝试。

It's our attempt to influence things,

也是我们试图影响

我们内心世界和外部世界

the universe internal to ourselves

所做的努力。

and external to us.

The sciences, to me, are manifestations of our attempt to express or share

科学，在我看来，

是我们表达和分享

对外部世界的理解和体验，

our understanding, our experience,

去影响外部世界

to influence the universe external to ourselves.

的一种尝试。

It doesn't rely on us as individuals.

它的存在独立于人类个体。

它是宇宙万物，每个人都能体验得到。

It's the universe, as experienced by everyone.

而艺术表达了我们的一种渴望，

The arts manifest our desire,

我们试图通过个人的独特经历，

our attempt to share or influence others

去跟别人分享，

through experiences that are peculiar to us as individuals.

或者影响其他人。

让我换一种说法：

Let me say it again another way:

科学帮助我们了解

science provides an understanding of a universal experience,

普遍存在的宇宙现象；

and arts provide a universal understanding

艺术则是帮助人们

of a personal experience.

理解某一种个人体验。

That's what we have to think about,

所以我们必须把它们都看成是

that they're all part of us, they're all part of a continuum.

我们生活中的一部分。

它们都是一个连续体的组成部分，

It's not just the tools, it's not just the sciences,

它们不只是工具，也不仅仅是科学。

像数学、数值

the mathematics and the numerical stuff and the statistics,

还有统计这样的东西。

because we heard, very much on this stage,

我们在这个讲台上听到过很多演讲，

people talked about music being mathematical.

人们经常说到音乐

具有数学的特征。对吧？

Arts don't just use clay,

艺术还要用到除了粘土以外的东西，而且其他东西

aren't the only ones that use clay, light and sound and movement.

也要用到粘土、光、声和动作。

They use analysis as well.

艺术也需要分析。

有些人也许会说

So people might say,

可是我还是喜欢将直觉能力和分析能力的区分，

"Well, I still like that intuitive versus analytical thing,"

因为每个人都想要做

because everybody wants to do the right brain, left brain thing.

右脑型和左脑型的区分，不是吗？

我们都曾经被说成是

We've all been accused of being right-brained or left-brained

“左脑思维”或者“右脑思维”，

at some point in time,

究竟是哪个类型就要看

depending on who we disagreed with.

我们是在跟谁争论了。（笑声）

(Laughter)

You know, people say "intuitive" --

人们对“直觉”的解释，

that's like you're in touch with nature,

往往有着亲近大自然、

in touch with yourself and relationships;

了解自己的内心及与人关系亲密的含义。

analytical, you put your mind to work.

而“分析能力”，则是要你把脑力调动起来。

I'm going to tell you a little secret. You all know this, though.

我要告诉你们一个小秘密

不过你们也许都已经都知道了。

But sometimes people use this analysis idea,

有时候人们说到分析能力，

that things are outside of ourselves,

会说存在于我们之外的世间万物

to say, this is what we're going to elevate

才是真正的也是最重要

的科学的研究对象。不是吗？

as the true, most important sciences, right?

而艺术家呢，

Then you have artists -- and you all know this is true as well --

你们都知道这也是真的。

artists will say things about scientists

艺术家会说一些科学家的不是

他们认为科学家过于具体了，

because they say they're too concrete, they're disconnected from the world.

以至于与世界脱节了。

But, we've even had that here on stage,

其实在这个舞台上我们就看到过这种现象。

so don't act like you don't know what I'm talking about.

所以你们不要假装不知道

我在说什么。（笑声）

(Laughter)

We had folks talking about the Flat Earth Society

我们曾经有---

曾经有同仁在这里谈论过地平协会和插花艺术。

and flower arrangers,

so there's this whole dichotomy

所以这个“二分法”

that we continue to carry along, even when we know better.

将是长期存在的，尽管现在我们的知识比以前多得多。

And folks say we need to choose either-or.

有些同仁说我们应该“二者选其一“。

但选其一将是一种很愚蠢的做法。

But it would really be foolish to choose either one,

不是吗？

intuitive versus analytical.

将直觉和分析能力对立起来，

That's a foolish choice.

这是个很愚蠢的做法。

It's foolish just like trying to choose between being realistic or idealistic.

这跟试图在现实主义和理想主义

之间划清界限一样愚蠢。

You need both in life.

这两样东西在你的生活中都是缺一不可的。

Why do people do this?

人们为什么这么做？

I'm going to quote a molecular biologist, Sydney Brenner,

引用分子生物学家悉尼·布伦纳的话，

who's 70 years old, so he can say this.

他已经70岁了所以有资格这么说。

He said, "It's always important to distinguish between chastity

他说：“把贞洁和阳痿区分开

是很重要的“。

and impotence."

Now --

（笑声）现在，

(Laughter)

我想跟你们分享

I want to share with you a little equation, OK?

一个小等式。好吗？

我们对科学和艺术的理解

How does understanding science and the arts fit into our lives

跟我们的生活、我们身边发生的事情

以及我们在这个设计大会上

and what's going on

and the things we're talking about here at the design conference?

所谈论的事情

有什么关系呢？

And this is a little thing I came up with:

我得出的结论是：

understanding

and our resources and our will

我们（对事物）的理解、我们所拥有的资源

以及我们的意志，决定了我们是否有所作为。

cause us to have outcomes.

Our understanding is our science, our arts, our religion;

这些理解体现在我们的科学、艺术、宗教，

以及我们如何看待周围的世界。

how we see the universe around us;

我们的资源、我们的资金、

our resources, our money, our labor, our minerals --

劳动力、矿产，

those things that are out there in the world we have to work with.

所有那些我们用来创造价值

的其他事物。

But more importantly, there's our will.

但更重要的是我们的意志。

This is our vision,

这是我们对未来的规划和抱负，

our aspirations of the future, our hopes, our dreams,

我们的希望、梦想、

our struggles and our fears.

挣扎和恐惧，

Our successes and our failures influence what we do with all of those.

成功和失败

影响到我们的行动。对我而言

And to me, design and engineering, craftsmanship and skilled labor,

设计和工程、手艺和技术劳动，

都是我们为了产生想要的结果，

are all the things that work on this to have our outcome,

也就是为了人类的生活质量

which is our human quality of life.

所必需的。

Where do we want the world to be?

我们希望世界走向何方？

And guess what?

你猜怎么着？

Regardless of how we look at this,

无论我们如何看待这个问题，

whether we look at arts and sciences as separate or different,

无论我们认为科学和艺术是各自为政

they're both being influenced now and they're both having problems.

或是迥然不同的，它们都在互相影响着，

并且都有各自的问题。

I did a project called S.E.E.ing the Future:

我曾做过一个项目，叫做“未来的S.E.E"

Science, Engineering and Education.

S.E.E代表科学、工程和教育

It was looking at how to shed light

我想要研究

on the most effective use of government funding.

如何才能让政府的资金使用的更加有效。

We got a bunch of scientists in all stages of their careers.

我们召集了一批处于各个职业发展阶段的科学家，

They came to Dartmouth College, where I was teaching.

他们来到达特茅斯大学

也就是我任教的地方，

And they talked about, with theologians and financiers:

他们跟神学家和金融学家一起讨论

What are some of the issues of public funding

公共资金运用在科学和工程研究

for science and engineering research?

上面的问题是什么？

What's most important about it?

在这个问题上最重要的是什么？

There are some ideas that emerged

讨论中呈现出来的一些问题

that I think have really powerful parallels to the arts.

我认为与艺术领域的问题可以类比。

The first thing they said was that the circumstances

他们谈到的第一件事情是，

that we find ourselves in today in the sciences and engineering

在我们这个时代

能够让我们在科学和工程方面

that made us world leaders

领先世界的所需的资质，

are very different than the '40s, the '50s, and the '60s and the '70s,

与40年代、50年代和60年代

以及70年代我们刚刚开始领先世界的时候

when we emerged as world leaders,

非常不一样，因为我们

because we're no longer in competition with fascism,

不再需要跟法西斯作战

with Soviet-style communism.

跟苏联式的共产主义竞争。

And by the way, that competition wasn't just military;

顺便说一句，当时的竞争不光是军事上的，

它也包括了社会竞争

it included social competition and political competition as well,

和政治竞争。

正是这样的竞争促使我们把目光投向太空，

that allowed us to look at space as one of those platforms

将太空作为一个平台

去证明我们的社会体制更加优越。

to prove that our social system was better.

Another thing they talked about was that the infrastructure

另一个被讨论的话题是

如今支撑科学研究的基础设施

that supports the sciences

已经逐渐过时。

is becoming obsolete.

We look at universities and colleges --

看一看全国的大学、学院

small, mid-sized community colleges across the country --

以及中小型的社区大学

它们的实验室正在过时。

their laboratories are becoming obsolete.

And this is where we train most of our science workers

而这些地方正是我们用来培养

科学工作者、研究人员

and our researchers -- and our teachers, by the way.

以及教师的地方。

And there's a media that doesn't support the dissemination of any more than

另外，我们的媒体

传播的又都是

世俗和无意义的信息。

the most mundane and inane of information.

满眼尽是伪科学、麦田怪圈

There's pseudoscience, crop circles, alien autopsy, haunted houses,

解剖外星人、鬼屋

或者灾难，都是这些东西。

or disasters.

And that's what we see.

这些并不是日常生活

This isn't really the information you need to operate in everyday life

正常运作

and figure out how to participate in this democracy

和参与我们的民主建设

所需要的信息。

and determine what's going on.

They also said there's a change in the corporate mentality.

科学家们还提到了

发生在一些大公司身上的变化。

Whereas government money had always been there

尽管政府资金从来都是

for basic science and engineering research,

支持基础科学和工程研究的，

we also counted on some companies to do some basic research.

但我们也指望一些公司能做一些

基础研究。然而目前的现状是---

But what's happened now is companies put more energy

公司将更多的资源投入在

into short-term product development

短期的产品研发上

而不是基础工程和科学研究中。

than they do in basic engineering and science research.

另外，教育也没能跟上。

And education is not keeping up.

在K-12(基础教育）阶段

In K through 12, people are taking out wet labs.

传统的实验室正在逐渐被取代。

They think if we put a computer in the room,

他们认为如果我们放一台电脑在那里，

it's going to take the place of actually mixing the acids

我们就不需要去真正的将两瓶酸混在一起做实验，

不需要再去种土豆了。

or growing the potatoes.

还有，近年来政府开销

And government funding is decreasing in spending,

逐年紧缩。于是有人说

and then they're saying, let's have corporations take over,

让我们把项目交给公司去做吧。

其实这样并不正确。

and that's not true.

Government funding should at least do things

政府至少应该花钱去评估

like recognize cost benefits of basic science and engineering research.

基础科学和工程研究的

投入产出比。我们必须认识到

We have to know that we have a responsibility as global citizens

我们作为一个世界公民

是承担了一些责任的。

in this world.

We have to look at the education of humans.

我们必须审视我们的教育，

We need to build our resources today to make sure that they're trained

我们必须对我们的师资

进行教育，让他们也意识到

so they understand the importance of these things.

这些事情的重要性。

And we have to support the vitality of science.

而且我们还必须确保

科学研究充满活力。

That doesn't mean that everything has to have one thing that's going to go on,

这并不是说我们投入一分

就必须产出一分

or that we know exactly what's going to be the outcome of it,

或者我们必须知道研究的结果将是什么，

but that we support the vitality and the intellectual curiosity

而是我们要鼓励充满活力

和好奇心的科学研究。

that goes along [with it].

你仔细想想，

And if you think about those parallels to the arts --

其实在艺术上也是这样

the competition with the Bolshoi Ballet spurred

与Bolshoi芭蕾舞团的竞争

刺激了Joffrey以及纽约芭蕾舞团

the Joffrey and the New York City Ballet to become better.

更好的发展

全国范围内的基础设施

Infrastructure, museums, theaters, movie houses across the country

诸如博物馆、戏院、电影院

正在消失。我们的电视台

are disappearing.

We have more television stations with less to watch,

越来越多，但可看的内容却越来越少。

we have more money spent on rewrites

我们的钱都花在

把旧的电视节目

to get old television programs

in the movies.

改编成电影。

We have corporate funding now that,

我们有了企业的资助

但有些公司拿这个钱

when it goes to support the arts,

来扶持艺术的时候，几乎要求

it almost requires that the product be part of the picture

他们的产品必须出现在

艺术作品中。

that the artist draws.

We have stadiums that are named over and over again by corporations.

我们的体育场一而再、再而三的

被企业冠名

In Houston, we're trying to figure out what to do with that Enron Stadium thing.

在休斯敦，我们试图搞清楚

那个“安然”体育场到底是个什么名堂

(Laughter)

Fine arts and education in the schools is disappearing,

（笑声）学校的艺术教育

也在退化

And we have a government that seems like it's gutting the NEA

我们的政府看上去好像要

取消NEA和其他一些项目

and other programs.

So we have to really stop and think:

所以我们必须停下来想想

What are we trying to do with the sciences and the arts?

我们到底需要如何

发展科学和艺术

There's a need to revitalize them.

的确有必要向它们重新注入活力

We have to pay attention to it.

我们必须开始关注这个了。

I just want to tell you quickly what I'm doing --

我想很简单的告诉你们我现在在做什么

(Applause)

（掌声）

先说说我以前都做过些什么

I want to tell you what I've been doing a little bit since ...

因为我觉得有必要

I feel this need to sort of integrate some of the ideas

需要将以前的一些想法

that I've had and run across over time.

融合进来

我领悟到的事情之一

One of the things that I found out is that there's a need to repair

就是有必要修复

the dichotomy between the mind and body as well.

脑力和体力活动的 “二分法”

我的母亲总是告诉我说

My mother always told me, you have to be observant,

你必须具有一定的观察力

know what's going on in your mind and your body.

时刻了解你的大脑和身体所从事的活动。

And as a dancer, I had this tremendous faith in my ability to know my body,

作为一个舞者

我对读懂自己身体的能力极为自信，

just as I knew how to sense colors.

就像我对色彩的敏感度一样。

Then I went to medical school,

后来我上了医学院

and I was supposed to just go on what the machine said about bodies.

人们告诉我应该

听从那些医学仪器对于身体的检测结果。

You know, you would ask patients questions and some people would tell you,

我们都会问病人一些问题

他们会回答，但是有些人会告诉你

"Don't listen to what the patient said."

“千万不要听病人的话。”

We know that patients know and understand their bodies better,

但我们知道病人

更加了解和懂得自己的身体。

but these days we're trying to divorce them from that idea.

但近几年来我们开始告诉他们

We have to reconcile the patient's knowledge of their body

不要听从自己的感受。

我们必须将病人对自己身体的知识

with physicians' measurements.

和机器的测量结果结合起来。

我听到有人谈到

We had someone talk about measuring emotions

要用机器检测情绪，让机器去

and getting machines to figure out what to keep us from acting crazy.

搞清楚如何才能让人们

保持理智。对吧？

这是不对的，我们不应该测量这个。

No, we shouldn't measure.

We shouldn't use machines to measure road rage

我们不应该用机器

来测量公路暴力行为，

and then do something to keep us from engaging in it.

然后想办法不让我们发怒。

Maybe we can have machines help us to recognize that we have road rage,

也许我们可以让机器帮助我们

识别这种暴怒行为，

and then we need to know how to control that without the machines.

然后我们要在不需要机器帮助

We even need to be able to recognize that without the machines.

的情况下去控制这种暴怒，

我们甚至能够不借助机器就能识别它。

What I'm very concerned about is:

我非常关注的，

How do we bolster our self-awareness as humans, as biological organisms?

是如何提高我们人类

作为一个生物机体的自我意识。

Michael Moschen谈到过如何

Michael Moschen spoke of having to teach

才能用眼睛来触摸，

and learn how to feel with my eyes, to see with my hands.

用双手来观察。

我们有各种各样不同的方式

We have all kinds of possibilities to use our senses by,

来使用我们的感官，

and that's what we have to do.

这就是我们需要做的。

That's what I want to do --

这也是我想要做的，

to try to use bioinstrumentation, those kind of things,

就是使用生物仪器和类似产品

帮助我们感知我们正在做的事情。

to help our senses in what we do.

这也是我的公司

That's the work I've been doing now,

“生物感知（BioSentient）”所在做的事情。

as a company called BioSentient Corporation.

我不得不做这个广告，

I figured I'd have to do that ad, because I'm an entrepreneur,

因为我是一个创业者

and "entrepreneur" says "somebody who does what they want to do,

而创业者总说他们做着

自己想做的事情，而且还没有

because they're not broke enough that they have to get a real job."

破产到一定要找一份工作的份上。

（笑声）我试图通过“生物感知”

(Laughter)

But that's the work I'm doing, BioSentient Corporation,

这个公司回答的问题

就是我们如何将这些事情结合起来？

trying to figure out: How do we integrate these things?

让我做如下总结：

Let me finish by saying that my personal design issue for the future

我个人对未来的设计计划

就是关于“结合”，

is really about integrating;

把直觉思考和分析思考结合起来，

to think about that intuitive and that analytical.

艺术和科学不是相互独立的。

The arts and sciences are not separate.

High school physics lesson before you leave:

在我们离开之前，说一下高中物理课

high school physics teacher used to hold up a ball.

物理老师经常举起一个球，

说这个球

She would say, "This ball has potential energy.

有势能，

But nothing will happen to it, it can't do any work,

但它不能做功，

until I drop it and it changes states."

除非我让它落下从而改变它的状态。

我喜欢把新的想法比作势能，

I like to think of ideas as potential energy.

它们的确很精彩，

They're really wonderful,

but nothing will happen until we risk putting them into action.

但如果不将它们付诸实践

就什么都不会发生。

This conference is filled with wonderful ideas.

这个大会上，

精彩的点子层出不穷，

We're going to share lots of things with people.

我们分享很多的东西，

But nothing's going to happen

但若没人去实践，

until we risk putting those ideas into action.

就不会有任何成果。

We need to revitalize the arts and sciences today.

我们需要让艺术和科学重现活力，

我们必须承担起对未来的责任。

We need to take responsibility for the future.

我们不能躲起来说

We can't hide behind saying it's just for company profits,

这只是为了公司利益，

or it's just a business,

或者只是一桩生意，

or I'm an artist or an academician.

或者说我是个艺术家，或学者。

你应该这样去判断你所做的事情，

Here's how you judge what you're doing:

我提到了直觉和分析能力

I talked about that balance between intuitive, analytical.

之间的平衡。

弗兰·李伯茨是我最钟爱的犬儒主义者，

Fran Lebowitz, my favorite cynic,

她曾经提到过

said, "The three questions of greatest concern ..." --

三个对设计来说

now I'm going to add on to design --

最重要的事情：

"... are: Is it attractive?"

首先，是否吸引人？

这是直觉思维；

That's the intuitive.

其次，是否有趣？

"Is it amusing?" -- the analytical,

这是分析能力；

and, "Does it know its place?" -- the balance.

最后，是否了解自己所处的位置？

也就是平衡。

Thank you very much.

(Applause)

非常感谢！

（掌声）