Mae Jemison on teaching arts and sciences together

譯者: Joan Liu 審譯者: Yuning912 陳又寧

What I want to do today is spend some time talking about some stuff

我今天想要做的

是花一些時間來談談

that's giving me a little bit of existential angst,

在過去的幾年當中，

讓我感到「存在擔憂」的事情，

for lack of a better word,

over the past couple of years.

我找不到更好的形容方式。

And basically, these three quotes tell what's going on.

基本上這三句話

解釋了發生什麼事。

"When God made the color purple, God was just showing off,"

「當上帝創造紫色這種顏色的時候，

上帝只是在炫耀。」

Alice Walker wrote in "The Color Purple."

愛莉絲握克在《紫色姊妹花》中這麼說。

And Zora Neale Hurston wrote in "Dust Tracks On A Road,"

佐拉泥爾賀森

在《路上的塵土》中說

"Research is a formalized curiosity.

「研究是公式化的好奇心。

它是有目的的窺探、打聽。」

It's poking and prying with a purpose."

最後，

And then finally, when I think about the near future,

當我在想緊接著的未來時，

we have this attitude, "Well, whatever happens, happens."

你知道我們有

「該發生的就是會發生」的態度對吧？

Right?

所以這與柴郡貓（愛莉絲夢遊仙境中的角色）說的

So that goes along with the Cheshire Cat saying,

「如果你不是很在乎你要去哪，

"If you don't care much where you want to get to,

那麼你往哪裡走

it doesn't much matter which way you go."

也不大重要。」吻合。

But I think it does matter which way we go and what road we take,

但我覺得我們往哪裡走、

選擇什麼路是重要的。

because when I think about design in the near future,

因為當我在想未來的設計時，

我認為最重要、

what I think are the most important issues,

最必須、最具決定性的

what's really crucial and vital,

是我們現在在2002年

is that we need to revitalize the arts and sciences right now,

需要復興

藝術與科學。

in 2002.

（掌聲）

(Applause)

如果我們把緊接著的未來想成

If we describe the near future as 10, 20, 15 years from now,

接下來的10、20、15年，

那表示我們現在

that means that what we do today is going to be critically important,

做什麼很重要，

because in the year 2015, in the year 2020, 2025,

因為在2015年，

在2020、2025年，

the world our society is going to be building on,

我們的社會會是以

現在的基本知識、抽象想法、

the basic knowledge and abstract ideas,

現在的發現為基石發展。

the discoveries that we came up with today,

就像是我們現在在TED聽到的

just as all these wonderful things we're hearing about

這些很棒的事情，

here at the TED conference

這些我們視為理所當然的事情，

that we take for granted in the world right now,

其實都源於

were really knowledge and ideas that came up

五零、六零、

七零年代的知識與想法。

in the 50s, the 60s and the 70s.

那些都是我們現在用的材料。

That's the substrate that we're exploiting today.

Whether it's the internet,

不論是網路、基因工程、

genetic engineering, laser scanners,

雷射印表機、引導飛彈、光纖、

guided missiles, fiber optics, high-definition television,

高解析度電視、

感應器、太空遙控器，

remote sensing from space and the wonderful remote-sensing photos

和其它我們看到的遙感照片、

3D搖晃、

that we see in 3D weaving, TV programs like Tracker and Enterprise,

像Tracker和Enterprise的電視節目、

CD燒錄器、液晶銀幕、

CD-rewrite drives, flat-screen, Alvin Ailey's "Suite Otis,"

艾文艾利的《Suite Otis》、

或是莎拉瓊斯《Your Revolution Will Not

or Sarah Jones's "Your Revolution Will Not [Happen] Between These Thighs,"

Be Between These Thighs》

which, by the way, was banned by the FCC,

雖說它曾被FCC禁止

or ska --

或是牙買加流行舞音樂，

all of these things, without question, almost without exception,

這些被認為是理所當然的東西，

都是源於

are really based on ideas and abstract and creativity

好幾年前的

想法和構思。

from years before.

So we have to ask ourselves:

所以我們要問自己：

What are we contributing to that legacy right now?

我們對這些有什麼貢獻？

當我這麼想的時候，

And when I think about it,

我是擔憂的。直話直說，

I'm really worried.

To be quite frank, I'm concerned.

我非常擔心。

I'm skeptical that we're doing very much of anything.

我不認為我們有在做些甚麼。

We're, in a sense,

我們，以某種角度來說，

failing to act in the future.

並沒有在為未來做什麼。

We're purposefully, consciously being laggards.

我們故意的、有意識的在當懶蟲。

我們是落在後面的。

We're lagging behind.

法蘭茲法濃是個馬提泥克的心理學家，

Frantz Fanon, who was a psychiatrist from Martinique, said,

他說：「每一代

"Each generation must, out of relative obscurity,

都需要在有點模糊的狀況下

發現自己的使命並達成或毀壞它。」

discover its mission

and fulfill or betray it."

我們的使命是什麼？我們

What is our mission? What do we have to do?

該做什麼？

I think our mission is to reconcile, to reintegrate

我認為我們的使命是

使人文和科學融合，

science and the arts,

because right now, there's a schism that exists in popular culture.

因為現在在大眾心裡，

這兩者是分裂的。

People have this idea that science and the arts are really separate;

你知道人們有這種想法，

就是科學跟藝術是很不相同的。

we think of them as separate and different things.

我們認為他們是不一樣的東西。

And this idea was probably introduced centuries ago,

而這種想法或許是在好幾百年前

就存在了。

but it's really becoming critical now,

但現在這很重要，

因為我們每天都在為

because we're making decisions about our society every day

我們的社會作決定，

that, if we keep thinking that the arts are separate from the sciences,

如果我們繼續認為

科學跟藝術非常不同，

且我們繼續認為說：「

and we keep thinking it's cute to say,

我完全不了解這個，

"I don't understand anything about this one,

我完全不了解那個。」是聰明的，

I don't understand anything about the other one,"

那麼我們就有問題了。

then we're going to have problems.

好，我不認為在TED這裡的任何人

Now, I know no one here at TED thinks this.

這麼想。我們都已經知道

All of us, we already know that they're very connected.

這兩者很有關係，但我要讓你們知道，

But I'm going to let you know that some folks in the outside world,

在外面有些人，

不論你信與不信，

believe it or not, think it's neat when they say,

他們都認為科學家和科學

"Scientists and science is not creative.

是不具創造力的。

科學家可能是天才，但他們

Maybe scientists are ingenious, but they're not creative."

沒有創造力。

And then we have this tendency,

然後我們有職涯顧問

the career counselors and various people say things

和很多人會說

like, "Artists are not analytical.

「藝術家是沒有分析能力的。

他們可能很有原創力，

They're ingenious, perhaps,

但他們沒有分析力。」

but not analytical."

And when these concepts underlie our teaching

當這樣的想法存在於我們的教育當中，

and what we think about the world,

並影響我們對這世界的看法，

then we have a problem,

那我們就有麻煩了，因為我們

because we stymie support for everything.

會阻擋所有事情的發展，

By accepting this dichotomy,

只因為接受了這樣的二分法，

whether it's tongue-in-cheek,

就算只是口耳相傳，

when we attempt to accommodate it in our world,

當我們試著把這樣的想法置入這世界，

and we try to build our foundation for the world,

然後試著以這樣的基礎建造世界，

we're messing up the future,

結果是我們正在把未來搞砸。

because: Who wants to be uncreative?

因為，有誰想要當沒有創造力呢？

誰想要沒有邏輯？

Who wants to be illogical?

如果你說必須選擇一邊的話，

Talent would run from either of these fields

天資可以在任何一邊出現。

if you said you had to choose either.

Then they'll go to something where they think,

然後他們會想說

「其實我可以同時有創造力

"Well, I can be creative and logical at the same time."

也有邏輯。」

Now, I grew up in the '60s and I'll admit it --

我是在六零年代長大的。

actually, my childhood spanned the '60s,

我承認我的童年就是在六零年代，

and I was a wannabe hippie,

而我非常想要當嬉皮，

and I always resented the fact that I wasn't old enough to be a hippie.

痛恨我年紀不夠

不能當嬉皮。

And I know there are people here, the younger generation,

而且我知道這裡有些人，

就是更年輕的一輩想要當嬉皮的，

who want to be hippies.

但人們總是在談論六零年代，

People talk about the '60s all the time.

且他們會講當時的無政府狀態。

And they talk about the anarchy that was there.

但當我想起六零年代，

But when I think about the '60s,

我從中學到的

what I took away from it was that there was hope for the future.

是未來是有希望的。

We thought everyone could participate.

我們認為每個人都有機會參與。

There were wonderful, incredible ideas that were always percolating,

那時有很多很棒、很驚人的想法，

在人群中傳播，

而且現在熱門的很多東西

and so much of what's cool or hot today

都是從當時那些想法而來的。

is really based on some of those concepts,

不論是人們試著用

whether it's people trying to use the Prime Directive from Star Trek,

星際大戰中的頭等方針

being involved in things,

來應用在生活中，

or, again, that three-dimensional weaving and fax machines

不論是3D穿梭，

還是我從周刊中

that I read about in my weekly readers

讀到的傳真機，

that the technology and engineering was just getting started.

這些科技工程那時才正在開始。

But the '60s left me with a problem.

但六零年代給我帶來一個問題。

You see, I always assumed I would go into space,

也就是因為我一直跟著這個潮流，

我一直認為我會去外太空。

because I followed all of this.

但我也熱愛藝術及科學。

But I also loved the arts and sciences.

當我還是個小女孩

You see, when I was growing up as a little girl and as a teenager,

及青少年的時候，

I loved designing and making doll clothes

我喜歡設計和做娃娃衣服，

且想要成為時尚設計家。

and wanting to be a fashion designer.

I took art and ceramics.

我修了藝術和陶藝。我也熱愛跳舞：

I loved dance: Lola Falana, Alvin Ailey, Jerome Robbins.

羅拉法拉那、艾文艾利、吉羅米羅賓絲。

我也熱忠於雙子星

And I also avidly followed the Gemini and the Apollo programs.

和阿波羅計畫。

I had science projects and tons of astronomy books.

我有科學計畫和很多的天文書。

我修了微積分和哲學。

I took calculus and philosophy.

我思考無限的概念

I wondered about infinity and the Big Bang theory.

和宇宙大爆炸理論。

當我在史丹佛的時候

And when I was at Stanford, I found myself, my senior year,

在大四那年我主修化工，

chemical engineering major,

但大部份人認為我是主修

half the folks thought I was a political science and performing arts major,

政治或表演藝術，

這也有點對，

which was sort of true, because I was Black Student Union President,

因為我是黑人學生組織主席，

and I did major in some other things.

而且我也有主修其他東西。

And I found myself the last quarter

在最後一個學期，

juggling chemical engineering separation processes,

我發現我自己在化工分離實驗和

logic classes, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,

邏輯課、核磁共振學中找平衡，

同時正在為一個舞蹈展演

and also producing and choreographing a dance production.

編舞、製作中。

我需要做燈光和設計的工作。

And I had to do the lighting and the design work,

我那時正在想

and I was trying to figure out:

我是不是應該去紐約市

Do I go to New York City to try to become a professional dancer,

試著當一名職業舞者？

還是去念醫學院？

or to go to medical school?

Now, my mother helped me figure that one out.

還好我母親幫忙我做這個決定。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But when I went into space, I carried a number of things up with me.

但當我進到太空時，

當我進到太空，我帶了一些東西。

I carried a poster by Alvin Ailey --

我帶了一張艾文艾利的海報。

you can figure out now, I love the dance company --

你們應該可以看出

我非常喜歡這個舞團。

an Alvin Ailey poster of Judith Jamison performing the dance "Cry,"

一張艾文艾利的海報上面是

dedicated to all black women everywhere;

裘第絲裘密森表演舞作《哭》，

a Bundu statue, which was from the women's society in Sierra Leone;

奉獻給所有黑人女生。

還帶了一尊本社雕像，

and a certificate for the Chicago Public School students

是從獅子山婦女協會那來的，

還有一張為芝加哥公立學校學生

to work to improve their science and math.

改善他們科學及數學能力的證書。

And folks asked me,

人們問我：

"Why did you take up what you took up?"

「為什麼要帶這些東西？」

我會說：

And I had to say,

"Because it represents human creativity;

「因為這些代表人類的創造力。」

有了這樣的創造力，

the creativity that allowed us,

我們才能夠瞭解、建構

that we were required to have to conceive and build and launch

並發射太空船。

the space shuttle,

源於同樣的想像力和分析力，

which springs from the same source as the imagination and analysis

才能夠雕刻出本社雕像

that it took to carve a Bundu statue,

或是設計、編排《哭》，

or the ingenuity it took to design, choreograph and stage "Cry."

所需要的天賦。

他們每一樣都是創造力的

Each one of them are different manifestations, incarnations,

表現和象徵。

of creativity -- avatars of human creativity.

人類創造力的代表。

這就是我們需要在我們的腦袋中

And that's what we have to reconcile in our minds,

融合、合而為一的。

how these things fit together.

The difference between arts and sciences is not analytical versus intuitive.

科學和人文藝術的差別

不是在於分析和直覺。對吧？

Right?

E=MC平方

E = mc2 required an intuitive leap,

需要一定的直覺反應，

and then you had to do the analysis afterwards.

然後才能做後續分析。

愛因斯坦曾說：

Einstein said, in fact,

"The most beautiful thing we can experience

「我們能體驗的最漂亮的東西是神秘感。

is the mysterious.

它是所有真正的藝術與科學的源頭。」

It is the source of all true art and science."

舞蹈需要我們去表現、

Dance requires us to express and want to express

去想要表達生命中的歡騰。

the jubilation in life,

但你就必須想

but then you have to figure out:

「我確切要做什麼樣的動作，

Exactly what movement do I do

to make sure it comes across correctly?

才能確保傳達正確？」

藝術與科學的差別也不是在於

The difference between arts and sciences

is also not constructive versus deconstructive.

建構與毀壞。對吧？

很多人覺得

A lot of people think of the sciences as deconstructive,

科學是毀壞性的。

你必須把東西拆開。

you have to pull things apart.

And yeah, subatomic physics is deconstructive --

是的，次原子物理是毀壞性的。

你真的試圖把

you literally try to tear atoms apart

原子拆開然後

to understand what's inside of them.

瞭解裡面是什麼。

But sculpture, from what I understand from great sculptors,

但雕刻，從我知道的偉大雕刻中得知，

也是毀壞性的，

is deconstructive,

因為你要看一塊材料，

because you see a piece and you remove what doesn't need to be there.

然後移走你不要的部份。

Biotechnology is constructive.

生物科技是建構性的。

管弦樂是建構性的。

Orchestral arranging is constructive.

事實上我們在所有事情

So, in fact, we use constructive and deconstructive techniques

都用到建構及毀壞技巧。

in everything.

科學與藝術的差別

The difference between science and the arts

也不在於

is not that they are different sides of the same coin, even,

他們是硬幣的兩面，

或是一物體的

or even different parts of the same continuum,

不同面相，

but rather, they're manifestations of the same thing.

而是同一樣東西的建構。

Different quantum states of an atom?

一個原子的不同量子狀態？

或是我應該更21世紀一點

Or maybe if I want to be more 21st century,

我可以說超弦理論中

I could say that they're different harmonic resonances of a superstring.

不同的諧波震蕩。

But we'll leave that alone.

但我們就先不討論那些。（笑聲）

They spring from the same source.

他們都是同源的。

The arts and sciences are avatars of human creativity.

科學與藝術

是人類的代表作。

It's our attempt as humans

是我們以人類的角度，

to build an understanding of the universe, the world around us.

試圖建構及瞭解我們周遭的世界。

It's our attempt to influence things,

是我們試圖影響東西，

影響我們體內

the universe internal to ourselves

及體外的世界。

and external to us.

The sciences, to me, are manifestations of our attempt to express or share

科學對我來說，是代表著

我們試著表現或分享

我們瞭解的、

our understanding, our experience,

我們的經驗，

to influence the universe external to ourselves.

來影響外在的世界。

It doesn't rely on us as individuals.

它不是只靠我們個人。

是一個大家一起體會的世界。

It's the universe, as experienced by everyone.

藝術代表著我們的渴望，

The arts manifest our desire,

我們透過我們個人

our attempt to share or influence others

特殊的經驗，

through experiences that are peculiar to us as individuals.

試圖分享及影響他人。

讓我再以一個不同的方式來說：

Let me say it again another way:

科學提供一個

science provides an understanding of a universal experience,

瞭解宇宙的方式。

and arts provide a universal understanding

然後藝術提供一個大家都能理解的方式

of a personal experience.

來傳達個人經驗。

That's what we have to think about,

這正是我們需要思考的，

that they're all part of us, they're all part of a continuum.

這些都是我們的一部份，

都是連續體的一部份。

It's not just the tools, it's not just the sciences,

不是只是工具，

不是只是科學。

the mathematics and the numerical stuff and the statistics,

你們知道的，數學和技術性東西

because we heard, very much on this stage,

和統計，因為我們在這聽過很多次，

people talked about music being mathematical.

有人說音樂是很數學的。

對吧？藝術不是只用泥土，

Arts don't just use clay,

也不是只用泥土、

aren't the only ones that use clay, light and sound and movement.

燈光、聲音和動作。

They use analysis as well.

他們也使用分析能力。

所以人們或許會說

So people might say,

「我還是比較喜歡那個直覺與分析的東西，

"Well, I still like that intuitive versus analytical thing,"

因為每個人都希望用那個

because everybody wants to do the right brain, left brain thing.

左腦右腦的東西。對吧？」

我們都有在某個時候被指控為

We've all been accused of being right-brained or left-brained

用右腦多或是用左腦多，

at some point in time,

看當時是誰

depending on who we disagreed with.

跟我們不合。（笑聲）

(Laughter)

You know, people say "intuitive" --

當人們說直覺，

that's like you're in touch with nature,

就有點像是你跟自然有接觸，

in touch with yourself and relationships;

跟你自己有關連。

analytical, you put your mind to work.

分析力，你讓你的腦袋工作。

I'm going to tell you a little secret. You all know this, though.

然後我要告訴你們一個小祕密。

其實你們都知道的，但有時候人們

But sometimes people use this analysis idea,

利用這個分析的概念，

that things are outside of ourselves,

讓事情在我們之外，

to say, this is what we're going to elevate

來說這是我們要說

是對的，尤其是在科學當中。對吧？

as the true, most important sciences, right?

然後也有藝術家。

Then you have artists -- and you all know this is true as well --

你們也都知道這個，

artists will say things about scientists

藝術家會說科學家閒話，

因為他們說他們過於固執、

because they say they're too concrete, they're disconnected from the world.

無法跟世界接軌。

But, we've even had that here on stage,

但我們在這台上也有碰過，

so don't act like you don't know what I'm talking about.

所以不要假裝

你不知道我在說什麼。（笑聲）

(Laughter)

We had folks talking about the Flat Earth Society

我們有人講過扁平地球組織

和花朵編排者。

and flower arrangers,

so there's this whole dichotomy

所以我們繼續這個二分法，

that we continue to carry along, even when we know better.

就算我們知道這樣不好。

And folks say we need to choose either-or.

但人們還是說需要選擇其中一個。

但選擇一個是很笨的做法。

But it would really be foolish to choose either one,

對吧？

intuitive versus analytical.

直覺還是分析？

That's a foolish choice.

這是很笨的決定。

It's foolish just like trying to choose between being realistic or idealistic.

很笨，就像是試著選擇

現實和理想一樣。

You need both in life.

你兩樣都需要。

Why do people do this?

人們為什麼這樣做？

I'm going to quote a molecular biologist, Sydney Brenner,

我要引用分子生物學家Sydney Brenner的話。

who's 70 years old, so he can say this.

他已經七十歲了所以他可以這麼說。

He said, "It's always important to distinguish between chastity

「分辨貞節和無能

永遠是很重要的。」

and impotence."

Now --

好（笑聲）

(Laughter)

我想要跟你們分享

I want to share with you a little equation, OK?

一個小式子，好嗎？

如何瞭解科學與藝術

How does understanding science and the arts fit into our lives

怎麼融入我們的生活。

到底現在正在發生什麼事

and what's going on

and the things we're talking about here at the design conference?

和我們在這設計會議

談的東西。

And this is a little thing I came up with:

這是我想的一個小東西，

understanding

and our resources and our will

瞭解加上我們的資源和意念，

讓我們有結果。

cause us to have outcomes.

Our understanding is our science, our arts, our religion;

我們對科學、藝術、宗教，

我們怎麼看待周遭世界、

how we see the universe around us;

資源、金錢、

our resources, our money, our labor, our minerals --

勞工、礦物，

those things that are out there in the world we have to work with.

那些在世界上我們需要合作的

對象。

But more importantly, there's our will.

但更重要的，是我們的意志力。

This is our vision,

這是我們的遠見，

our aspirations of the future, our hopes, our dreams,

是我們對未來、希望、夢想的心願，

our struggles and our fears.

我們的掙扎與恐懼。

Our successes and our failures influence what we do with all of those.

我們的成功、我們的失敗

將會影響我們如何對待這些事情。

And to me, design and engineering, craftsmanship and skilled labor,

對我來說，設計和工程、

手工藝者和資深勞工都是

are all the things that work on this to have our outcome,

在這方面努力的結果，

which is our human quality of life.

也就是我們人類生活的品質。

Where do we want the world to be?

我們希望這個世界未來是如何的？

And guess what?

你知道嗎？

Regardless of how we look at this,

不論我們怎麼看待這個，

whether we look at arts and sciences as separate or different,

不管我們認為藝術和科學是分開的

they're both being influenced now and they're both having problems.

或是不同的，他們兩個都正在被影響，

且都有自己的問題。

I did a project called S.E.E.ing the Future:

我開始了一個叫作「S.E.E.ing the Future」的計畫：

Science, Engineering and Education.

科學、工程和教育。

It was looking at how to shed light

而這個計畫就是要

on the most effective use of government funding.

如何更有效的使用政府經費。

We got a bunch of scientists in all stages of their careers.

我們有一群在職涯各個階段的科學家。

They came to Dartmouth College, where I was teaching.

他們從我曾經任教的

Dartmouth College來，

And they talked about, with theologians and financiers:

他們談論神學家和金融家，

What are some of the issues of public funding

現今的科學與工程經費

for science and engineering research?

問題是什麼？

What's most important about it?

最重要的是什麼？

There are some ideas that emerged

有一些從中發展出來很有意義的點子

that I think have really powerful parallels to the arts.

讓我認為是跟藝術平行的。

The first thing they said was that the circumstances

他們第一個說的是

that we find ourselves in today in the sciences and engineering

我們現在所在的狀況，

處在一個科學與工程的年代，

that made us world leaders

這樣讓我們成為世界領袖，

are very different than the '40s, the '50s, and the '60s and the '70s,

跟四零、五零、六零

甚至七零年代我們才剛開始嶄露頭角非常不同，

when we emerged as world leaders,

因為我們不再

because we're no longer in competition with fascism,

與法西斯主意競賽、

with Soviet-style communism.

不再與蘇聯式共產主義對抗，

And by the way, that competition wasn't just military;

別忘了這個對抗不只是軍事上的，

還包括社會、

it included social competition and political competition as well,

政治上的競爭，

讓我們可以將時空

that allowed us to look at space as one of those platforms

看成一個改善社會

的平台。

to prove that our social system was better.

Another thing they talked about was that the infrastructure

另外一個他們探討的是

支持基礎科學的基礎架構

that supports the sciences

快要過時了。

is becoming obsolete.

We look at universities and colleges --

我們看國內各研究形大學、

small, mid-sized community colleges across the country --

社區大學，

他們實驗室也快要過時了，

their laboratories are becoming obsolete.

And this is where we train most of our science workers

但這也是我們訓練

我們的科學工作者和研究者的地方。

and our researchers -- and our teachers, by the way.

和我們的老師，

And there's a media that doesn't support the dissemination of any more than

還有那些

僅僅只能傳播

平凡與空洞議題的媒體。

the most mundane and inane of information.

有假科學、麥田怪圈、

There's pseudoscience, crop circles, alien autopsy, haunted houses,

外星人剖屍、鬼屋、災難。

而這是我們所看到的。

or disasters.

And that's what we see.

但這並不是

This isn't really the information you need to operate in everyday life

每天過生活所需要的訊息，

and figure out how to participate in this democracy

也不是去尋找該如何在民主中存活

和決定未來的世界。

and determine what's going on.

They also said there's a change in the corporate mentality.

他們也說企業心態

也有所改變了。

Whereas government money had always been there

雖然政府給科學、工程的

for basic science and engineering research,

資金一直都在。

we also counted on some companies to do some basic research.

我們也期許企業會做基礎研究，

但真正發生的

But what's happened now is companies put more energy

是公司將精力

into short-term product development

放在短期產品開發

而不是放在基礎工程

than they do in basic engineering and science research.

和科學研究。

而且教育也沒能跟上。

And education is not keeping up.

在孩童教育中，他們把實體實驗移去了。

In K through 12, people are taking out wet labs.

他們以為如果我們放一臺電腦到教室，

They think if we put a computer in the room,

電腦就可以

it's going to take the place of actually mixing the acids

幫我們將酸鹼混合、

幫我們種馬鈴薯。

or growing the potatoes.

然後政府資金正在減少

And government funding is decreasing in spending,

然後他們會說

and then they're saying, let's have corporations take over,

讓企業來出錢吧！

and that's not true.

但這是不對的。

Government funding should at least do things

政府資金應該至少

like recognize cost benefits of basic science and engineering research.

要瞭解基礎科學和工程研究

的成本效益。我們必須知道

We have to know that we have a responsibility as global citizens

身為地球子民

我們是有責任的。

in this world.

We have to look at the education of humans.

我們必須看人類的教育。

We need to build our resources today to make sure that they're trained

我們需要培養這些資源

確定他們被訓練到

so they understand the importance of these things.

他們可以瞭解這些事情的重要性，

And we have to support the vitality of science.

我們還要支持

科學的永續性，

That doesn't mean that everything has to have one thing that's going to go on,

但這並不表示所有事情

都需要成為一個個體，

or that we know exactly what's going to be the outcome of it,

或是我們需要完全知道結果會怎麼樣，

but that we support the vitality and the intellectual curiosity

而是我們會一直持續支持

對知識的好奇心，

that goes along [with it].

但如果你想想那些跟藝術平行的，

And if you think about those parallels to the arts --

為了和波修瓦芭蕾舞團競爭，

the competition with the Bolshoi Ballet spurred

讓傑弗睿

和紐約市力芭蕾舞團

the Joffrey and the New York City Ballet to become better.

越來越好。

全國的基礎設施博物館、劇院、

Infrastructure, museums, theaters, movie houses across the country

戲院都正在消失中。

我們有更多電視台

are disappearing.

We have more television stations with less to watch,

但能看的卻更少，

we have more money spent on rewrites

我們有更多錢

可以花在舊電視節目、電影

to get old television programs

in the movies.

重建上。

We have corporate funding now that,

我們有企業贊助，

但有些公司，

when it goes to support the arts,

當他們支持藝術，

it almost requires that the product be part of the picture

總是要他們的產品出現在

藝術作品當中，

that the artist draws.

We have stadiums that are named over and over again by corporations.

然後我們有一再一再被不同企業

重新命名的體育館。

In Houston, we're trying to figure out what to do with that Enron Stadium thing.

在修士頓，我們正在

想要怎麼處理Enron體育館。

(Laughter)

Fine arts and education in the schools is disappearing,

（笑聲）而且學校中的

藝術教育正在消失，

And we have a government that seems like it's gutting the NEA

然後我們有個好像不想支持

NEA和其他計畫的政府，

and other programs.

So we have to really stop and think:

所以我們真的很需要停下來想想，

What are we trying to do with the sciences and the arts?

我們對科學和藝術

想要怎麼做呢？

There's a need to revitalize them.

它們有必要被復興。

We have to pay attention to it.

我們需要注意這個。

I just want to tell you quickly what I'm doing --

我只是想要很快的告訴你們我在做什麼。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

我想要告訴你們一些

I want to tell you what I've been doing a little bit since ...

從我認為有需要將這些

I feel this need to sort of integrate some of the ideas

我在不同時候碰到的想法融合在一起

that I've had and run across over time.

之後所做的一些事情。

其中一件我發現的事是

One of the things that I found out is that there's a need to repair

心靈和肉體的分裂

the dichotomy between the mind and body as well.

是急需補救的

我母親一直告訴我，

My mother always told me, you have to be observant,

你必須很認真觀察，

know what's going on in your mind and your body.

瞭解你的腦袋和身體正在發生什麼事。

And as a dancer, I had this tremendous faith in my ability to know my body,

身為一個舞者，

我對於自己的身體很瞭解，

just as I knew how to sense colors.

就像我可以認出不同顏色一樣。

Then I went to medical school,

然後我念了醫學院，

and I was supposed to just go on what the machine said about bodies.

我被教育成

只看機器上的數據來瞭解身體。

You know, you would ask patients questions and some people would tell you,

你知道的，你會問病人問題，

然後有些人會跟你說

"Don't listen to what the patient said."

「不、不、不、不要聽病人說的。」

We know that patients know and understand their bodies better,

我們知道病人

比較瞭解他們自己的身體，

but these days we're trying to divorce them from that idea.

但我們正在讓他們遠離這樣的想法。

We have to reconcile the patient's knowledge of their body

我們需要在病人對他們身體的認知

和儀器數據當中

with physicians' measurements.

找到一個平衡。

我們有人談過

We had someone talk about measuring emotions

測量情緒且讓機器

and getting machines to figure out what to keep us from acting crazy.

阻止我們發神經。

對吧？

不，我們不該測量這些。

No, we shouldn't measure.

We shouldn't use machines to measure road rage

我們不該用機器

來測量開車上的憤怒行為，

and then do something to keep us from engaging in it.

然後讓機器防止這些行為。

Maybe we can have machines help us to recognize that we have road rage,

或許我們可以讓機器

告訴我們這樣憤怒的行為，

and then we need to know how to control that without the machines.

然後我們需要知道如何

We even need to be able to recognize that without the machines.

不使用機器來控制這些情緒。

我們更應該要不用機器就可以辨認出這些憤怒行為。

What I'm very concerned about is:

我很擔心的是

How do we bolster our self-awareness as humans, as biological organisms?

我們要怎麼加強我們身為人類、

身為生物個體的自我意識？

Michael Moschen談到如何

Michael Moschen spoke of having to teach

教育和學習用眼感受、

and learn how to feel with my eyes, to see with my hands.

用雙手觀看。

我們使用感官的方式

We have all kinds of possibilities to use our senses by,

有很多不同的可能性，

and that's what we have to do.

而那正是我們需要做的。

That's what I want to do --

我想要做的，

to try to use bioinstrumentation, those kind of things,

就是利用生物儀器

來幫助我們的感官。

to help our senses in what we do.

這正是BioSentient Corporation

That's the work I've been doing now,

（生物知覺公司）正在做的。

as a company called BioSentient Corporation.

我覺得我需要做這則廣告，

I figured I'd have to do that ad, because I'm an entrepreneur,

因為我是個企業家，

and "entrepreneur" says "somebody who does what they want to do,

因為企業家說這是一群

沒有窮到要找一個真正的工作

because they're not broke enough that they have to get a real job."

所以在做自己想要做的事的人。

（笑聲）但這是我在

(Laughter)

But that's the work I'm doing, BioSentient Corporation,

BioSentient Corporation正在試圖瞭解

如何把這些東西組合在一起。

trying to figure out: How do we integrate these things?

讓我用這個來做結尾，

Let me finish by saying that my personal design issue for the future

就是我個人對未來的設計議題

事實上就是在講融合，

is really about integrating;

去思考直覺和分析。

to think about that intuitive and that analytical.

藝術和科學不是分開的。

The arts and sciences are not separate.

High school physics lesson before you leave:

在我們離開前來點物理課。

high school physics teacher used to hold up a ball.

高中物理老師曾經拿著一顆球。

她會說這顆球有位能，

She would say, "This ball has potential energy.

但如果什麼事都沒發生，

But nothing will happen to it, it can't do any work,

它不會做功，

until I drop it and it changes states."

直到我讓它掉下去才能改變它的狀態。

我喜歡把想法想成位能。

I like to think of ideas as potential energy.

他們很棒，

They're really wonderful,

but nothing will happen until we risk putting them into action.

但如果沒有採取行動

就甚麼都不會發生。

This conference is filled with wonderful ideas.

這個論壇充滿了

很棒的想法。

We're going to share lots of things with people.

我們要分享這些給人們，

But nothing's going to happen

但直到我們把這些想法化為行動，

until we risk putting those ideas into action.

否則什麼事都不會發生。

We need to revitalize the arts and sciences today.

我們今天需要重新建立藝術和科學，

我們需要為未來負責。

We need to take responsibility for the future.

我們不能躲在後面

We can't hide behind saying it's just for company profits,

說這只是公司獲利、

or it's just a business,

或只是企業、或我是藝術家

or I'm an artist or an academician.

或學術人員。

這是你如何評估你做的事。

Here's how you judge what you're doing:

我談了直覺和

I talked about that balance between intuitive, analytical.

分析均衡發展。

Fran Lebowitz是我最喜歡的諷世家，

Fran Lebowitz, my favorite cynic,

她說了三個

said, "The three questions of greatest concern ..." --

最讓人困擾的問題

now I'm going to add on to design --

那就是

"... are: Is it attractive?"

「是有吸引力的嗎？」

那是直覺。

That's the intuitive.

「是令人驚奇的嗎？」這是分析。

"Is it amusing?" -- the analytical,

and, "Does it know its place?" -- the balance.

「它知道自己的定位嗎？」

這是平衡。非常謝謝你們。

Thank you very much.

(Applause)

（掌聲）