Let's protect the oceans like national parks | David Lang

翻译人员: Yan Gao 校对人员: Yolanda Zhang

So, of all my childhood memories,

在我所有的童年记忆中，

there is one that stands above the rest.

有一件事比其他任何回忆都更重要。

And that is the time that my brave parents

那次，我勇敢的父母租了一辆房车，

rented an RV, packed it with me and my brothers,

和我们兄弟几个一起整装出发，

and drove west from our house in Minneapolis,

从我们在明尼阿波利斯的家

out to Yellowstone National Park.

往西开到黄石国家公园。

We saw all the sights, like the geysers, we stopped at the Badlands,

我们饱览了所有景色，看了间歇泉谷， 还在恶地（Badlands）驻足，

but more than any of the places, I remember this as an adventure.

但比这些景色更重要的是， 在我的印象中，那成了一次探险。

This was my introduction to the Wild West.

这是我对狂野西部的第一印象。

But it wasn't until I got older

但直到我长大些了，

and I learned more about the National Park System

对国家公园系统有了更多的了解，

that I realized just how lucky I was.

才意识到我是多么幸运。

One, to have that experience,

不仅是能拥有那样的经历，

还包括几百年前，

but also that, hundreds of years ago,

people had the foresight to set aside the very best places,

人们就怀有这种远见， 留出了这片最好的土地，

the very best ecosystems in the country, for everyone.

把全国最好的生态系统，

留给每一个人，以及子孙后代。

And for future generations.

And to really appreciate just how prescient that idea was,

要真正领悟这个想法多有先见之明，

you have to go back

就必须要回顾一下，

and you have to look at the history of the National Parks Service.

看看国家公园管理局的历史。

So, a lot of people know, the first national park was Yellowstone, in 1872.

很多人都知道，第一个国家公园是 1872年成立的黄石公园。

A lot of people think of John Muir, the poet, naturalist,

很多人会想到诗人、博物学家 约翰 · 缪尔（John Muir），

who was such a visionary

一个很有远见的人，

in getting people inspired by the idea of conservation --

他让人们受到保护区理念的启发——

that we need to take the best places and protect them.

那就是要把最好的地方保护起来。

He had an audience in very high places --

他的听众地位非常高——

there's a great story of Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir

泰迪 · 罗斯福和约翰 · 缪尔有一段传奇，

going hiking, in Yosemite, during his presidency,

在罗斯福总统的任期内， 他们俩去优胜美地徒步旅行，

four days, completely off the grid, just the two of them.

四天，完全失联，只有他们两个人。

Can you imagine a president

你能想象一个总统

actually just going completely off the grid for four days?

真的能四天完全失联吗?

(Laughter)

(笑声)

No tweeting.

不发微博。

(Laughter) (Applause)

(笑声)(掌声)

Like that idea.

好喜欢这个想法。

(Applause)

(掌声)

But he had a great impact on Theodore Roosevelt.

不过约翰 · 缪尔对 西奥多 · 罗斯福的影响很大。

And he created dozens of national parks,

他建立了几十个国家公园，

hundreds of thousands of square acres of national wildlife refuges.

数十万平方英亩的 国家野生动物保护区。

It was an important administration, but it wasn't a done deal.

那是很重要的管理体系，但还不完善。

Even less than 10 years after he created all of those new places,

在他创建了这些新地方 之后还不到10年，

the future of those places was very much in doubt.

这些地方的未来就开始饱受质疑。

And it wasn't until this guy, Stephen Mather,

直到这个人，斯蒂芬 · 马瑟，

一位来自芝加哥的商人，

a businessman from Chicago,

wrote an angry letter to the Department of the Interior, saying,

给内政部写了一封 怒气冲天的信，他说，

"You guys aren't doing a good enough job protecting and preserving these places."

“你们对这些地方的保护做得不够好。”

Then, something was done about it.

然后，事情有了进展。

The Department of the Interior wrote him back.

内政部给他回信了。

"Mr. Mather, if you care so much about this,

“马瑟先生，既然你这么关心这件事，

何不到华盛顿来，亲自去做呢?”

why don't you come to Washington and do it yourself?"

(Laughter)

(笑声)

And he did.

然后，他去了。

He took a job at the Department of the Interior,

他接受了内政部的工作，

but more importantly, he started a campaign.

更重要的是，他发起了一场运动。

He actually had a meeting two blocks from here, in 1914,

1914年，他在离这里 两个街区的地方开了个会，

in California Hall,

在加利福尼亚大厅，

and he brought together the park superintendents and a few other people

他召集了公园管理者和

who cared about this idea of conservation.

其他一些关心保护理念的人。

And they put together a plan, they hatched a campaign

他们制定了计划，策划了运动，

that eventually led to the National Park Service in 1916.

最终促成国家公园管理局 在1916年成立。

And that's really important.

这非常重要。

Because it went from an idea that we should protect these places

因为它从一个我们应该 保护这些地方的想法

to an actual plan,

变成了一个实际的计划，

a way for people to enlist and carry that idea forward

一种召集人马并实现想法的方式，

for future generations,

这是为了子孙后代，

让像我这样的小孩能 去体验这些奇妙的经历。

so little kids like me can go and have these amazing experiences.

That is the history of the National Parks on land.

这就是陆地国家公园的历史。

The ocean, what I want to talk to you about today,

而海洋，也是我今天要谈的主题，

is a completely different story.

则有着一个完全不同的故事。

And we are almost precisely 100 years behind.

海洋（的生态保护工作）比陆地 落后了几乎整整100年。

So, the first marine sanctuary was in 1972,

第一个海洋保护区是在1972年建立的，

after the oil spill in Santa Barbara,

加州圣巴巴拉的石油泄漏之后，

people got interested in taking that concept

人们开始关注保护概念，

and applying it to underwater environments.

并对水下环境实施保护。

We've had our own John Muir, who's Dr. Sylvia Earle,

我们有自己的约翰 · 缪尔， 希尔维亚席 · 厄尔博士，

who's been a tireless advocate

她孜孜不倦地倡导

for creating these marine protected areas around the world.

在世界各地建立海洋保护区。

So, I know there's a lot of bad news about the ocean,

我知道海洋环境存在的问题很多，

there's plastic pollution, coral bleaching, over-fishing --

比如塑料污染、珊瑚白化、 过度捕捞——

it's hard to take it all in sometimes.

有时很难全都顾及到。

But this idea of setting aside places for nature is working.

但这个留出空间让大自然 自己恢复的想法正在起作用。

Science tells us that if you set these places aside,

科学告诉我们，如果不去打扰这些地方，

nature will come back and we can keep the oceans healthy.

自然生态会逐渐恢复， 我们可以保持海洋的健康。

So we know this idea works.

所以我们知道这个想法是可行的。

And Dr. Sylvia Earl has been influential, like John Muir,

西尔维亚 · 厄尔博士和约翰 · 缪尔一样，

在政府中也有影响力——

with administrations --

George W. Bush and Obama were both fantastic ocean presidents,

乔治 · W · 布什和奥巴马总统 为保护海洋都做出了卓越的贡献，

creating marine protected areas all around the country.

在全国各处建立了海洋保护区。

This is not a conservative idea or a liberal idea,

这个想法无关保守派或自由派，

it's not even an American idea,

它甚至不是属于美国的想法，

it's just a good idea.

这单纯就是一个好的想法。

(Laughter)

(笑声)

(Applause)

(掌声)

But --

但是——

(Applause)

(掌声)

几年之后的今天，形势出现了变化。

Here we are, a few years later.

And now the administration is proposing to roll back a lot of the progress

因为现在政府正打算 倒行逆施，抹去过去20年

we've made in the past 20 years.

我们取得的许多进步。

So, so, don't mourn -- organize.

所以，不要哀叹——组织起来吧。

We need to do what Stephen Mather did 100 years ago.

我们要做的是斯蒂芬 · 马瑟 在100年前做过的事情。

We need to start a campaign to get people engaged with this idea.

我们需要发起一场运动，让人们参与进来。

And I think we need a league of citizen scientists for the ocean.

我认为我们需要一个海洋公民科学家联盟。

And I've seen glimpses of this future, and I know that it's possible.

我见过这样的美好未来，我知道这可行。

My friend Erik and I started building underwater robots,

我和朋友埃里克开始制造水下机器人，

these little swimming cameras with lights that you can see underwater.

这些小型游泳摄像机有灯光， 可以帮你看到水下。

We started building these in his garage five years ago,

我们五年前开始在他的车库里做这些东西，

and we've watched that grow

我们看着它走入

into this community of thousands of people around the world,

世界各地的成千上万人，

who believe that everybody should have access to these places.

这些相信每个人都应该 看到美丽海洋的人。

We all deserve the tools to go and explore.

我们都应该有工具去探索。

There's stories like Laura James,

有像劳拉 · 詹姆斯这样的故事，

who used her robot to find out that sea stars in her area were dying.

她用她的机器人发现 当地的海星正在死亡。

And she started this whole citizen science campaign,

于是她发起了全民科学运动，

collected data and drove awareness for sea-star wasting syndrome,

收集数据，提高人们对 海星消瘦综合症的认识，

to try and figure out what was happening there.

并试图找出原因。

There are stories of fishermen in Mexico,

还有墨西哥的渔民的故事，

who used the robot to create marine protected areas

他们用这个机器人建立海洋保护区，

where Nassau grouper were spawning, to protect the future of this species.

保护纳索石斑鱼的产卵地， 以保护这个物种的未来。

It's really amazing stuff.

这真是太神奇了。

We found that if you give people the tools,

我们发现，只要你给人们提供工具，

they'll do the right thing.

人们就会去做正确的事情。

But we need to take it a step further.

但我们需要更进一步。

And, actually, I think we can dust off Stephen Mather's playbook.

实际上，我想可以重温一下 史蒂芬 · 马瑟的剧本。

So what did he do?

他做了什么?

So, the first thing that he did was he focused on infrastructure.

他做的第一件事就是关注基础设施建设。

So 1914 wasn't just a time for the parks,

1914年不仅仅是公园的时代，

it was also a time for the automobile,

也是汽车的时代，

the Model T was rolling off the line,

T型车源源不断地出产，

斯蒂芬 · 马瑟明白，

and Stephen Mather understood

that this was going to be an important part of American culture.

汽车将是美国文化的重要组成部分。

And so he partnered with highway associations around the country

于是他与全国的公路协会合作，

to build big, beautiful highways out to these parks.

修建了宽阔漂亮的公路， 可以通向这些公园。

And it worked, he's basically invented car camping.

效果令人称赞，他算得上 是汽车露营的发明者。

And he knew that if people didn't go to these places,

他知道，如果人们不去到这些地方，

that they wouldn’t fall in love with them and they wouldn't care.

就不会爱上这些地方，也就不会在乎。

他的这一想法非常有见地。

So that was a really insightful idea that he had.

The second thing they did,

他们做的第二件事，

was they focused on visionary philanthropy.

就是专注于富有远见的慈善事业。

斯蒂芬 · 马瑟是一位 来自芝加哥的成功商人，

So, Stephen Mather was a successful businessman from Chicago,

and anytime there was a parks association that needed funding,

只要有公园协会需要资金，

anytime there was a highway association that needed funding,

只要有高速公路协会需要资金，

they'd step in, write the checks, make it happen.

他们就介入，开出支票，让项目启动。

关于他的朋友威廉 · 肯特 （William Kent），有一个很精彩的故事，

There's a great story of his friend William Kent,

who recognized there was a small patch of redwoods left on the base of Mount Tam,

他在塔姆山（Mount Tam）的 山脚下发现了一小片红杉，

and so he quickly bought the land

于是他迅速买下了这片土地，

并把它捐给了国家公园。

and donated it to this National Parks effort.

That's Muir Woods today --

这就是今天的缪尔森林（Muir Woods ）——

it's one of the most popular national parks in the whole country.

它是全国最受欢迎的国家公园之一。

My parents are visiting here from Minnesota,

我的父母从明尼苏达州来到这里，

and they don't really even care about this talk,

但根本不关心我的演讲，

all they're talking about is going to Muir Woods.

他们喋喋不休谈论的都是缪尔森林。

(Laughter)

(笑声)

But the last thing is critical --

但最后一件事十分关键——

Stephen Mather focused on engagement.

斯蒂芬 · 马瑟很重视公众参与。

In one of the first meetings that they had around this new system, he said,

在关于这个新系统召开的 第一次会议上，他说：

"If you're a writer, I want you to write about this.

“如果你是一名作家，我希望 你能把这个写出来。

If you're a business owner, I want you to tell your clubs and your organizations.

如果你是一位企业主，我希望 你把这告诉你的俱乐部和公司。

如果你为政府工作，我希望 你能推行监管措施。”

If you work for the government, I want you to pass regulation."

保护环境，人人有责。

Everybody had a job.

"Each of you, all of you, have a role to play

“你们每个人，你们所有人，都有义务

in protecting these places for future generations."

为子孙后代保护这些地方。”

Each of you, all of you.

你们每一个人，你们所有人。

I love that.

多么精彩的陈述。

That's the plan -- simple, three-point plan.

这就是计划——简单的三项计划。

I think we can do the same.

我想我们也能这样做。

So, this was the headline when Obama created

奥巴马创建帕帕哈诺莫夸基亚 国家纪念碑的时候，

the Papahanaumokuakea National Monument:

新闻头条是这样的：

"Lots to see, but good luck trying to get there."

“有很多东西值得一看， 但祝你能顺利抵达。”

But like Mather, we should focus on the technology of our time,

但像马瑟一样，我们应该关注 属于我们这个时代的技术，

all of this new, amazing, digital infrastructure

所有这些新的、令人惊叹的数字基础设施

can be built to engage people with the oceans.

都可以帮助人们进一步接触海洋。

So, the National Marine Sanctuary

国家海洋保护区

has created all these wonderful VR 360 videos,

制作了这些美妙的VR360全景视频，

where you can actually go and see what these places look like.

你可以在这些视频里看到 那些地方是什么样子的。

Our team is continuing to build new tools,

我们的团队在持续开发新工具，

this is our latest, this is the trident underwater drone,

这是我们最新的设计， Trident水下无人潜航器，

it's a diving submarine, it's sleek, you can fit it in a backpack,

它是海底潜水设备，很灵活， 可以放在背包里，

it can go down to 100 meters, deeper than most divers can go.

它可以降到水下100米， 比大多数潜水者都要深。

It can see these environments that most people have never had access to.

它可以看到大多数人从未接触过的环境。

New tools are coming and we need even better tools.

新的工具不断出现， 我们还需要更好的工具。

We can also use more visionary philanthropists.

我们还需要更多富有远见的慈善家。

So, when Erik and I started this, we didn't have any money,

当埃里克和我开始做 这个项目的时候，我们没有钱，

we were building this in his garage.

一切都始于他的车库。

But we went to Kickstarter.

但我们联系了Kickstarter，

And we found over 1,800 people,

找到了1800多人，

almost a million dollars we've raised on Kickstarter,

在Kickstarter网站上筹集了近100万美元，

finding other people who think,

我们找到了那些有同样想法的人，

"Yeah, that's a good idea.

“啊，这是个好创意。

I want to be a part of that."

我想参与其中。”

We need more ways for people to get engaged

我们需要通过更多的方式 让人们参与进来，

and become visionary philanthropists themselves.

让人们自己变成有远见的慈善家。

We've also had traditional philanthropists,

我们也有传统的慈善家，

who've stepped up to fund us

他们为我们出资

in the SEE initiative -- the Science Education and Exploration,

支持SEE计划——科学教育和探索，

who are going to help us get donated units out to people on the frontlines,

这个机会将帮助我们 把捐款送达第一线的人，

people who are doing the science, people who are telling the stories,

做科学的人，讲故事的人，

inspiring communities.

激励大家的人。

You can go on to OpenExplorer.com and see what people are doing,

你可以去OpenExplorer.com 看看人们在做什么，

it's hugely inspirational.

非常鼓舞人心。

And it will also, hopefully, spur you to get involved.

希望它也能激励你参与其中。

Because there is plenty of room to get involved.

因为有大量的机会等待你去施展拳脚。

We want to hear what ideas you have for telling these stories.

我们想听听你对讲这些故事有什么想法。

Because that's just it -- this is all about engagement.

就是这么简单——只需要人们积极参与。

There's all sorts of interesting, new ways for people to participate

有各种各样有趣的新方式鼓励人们参与到

in the protection of these places.

保护这些地方的活动中来。

And the understanding.

还有（对这一行动的）理解。

Like, Reef Check -- scuba divers are going down and swimming transects

比如，珊瑚礁普查——潜水员们 在水下进行横断面游泳，

and counting fish and biodiversity data.

计算鱼类和生物多样性数据。

They're getting the information we need to protect these places.

他们在收集我们需要的 信息来保护这些地方。

If you're going down to the beach, participate in MPA Watch.

如果你要去海滩，可以参加MPA观察。

Document what activities you see going on in these different areas.

记录你在这些不同领域看到的活动。

这里有让每个人都能参与的空间。

There is room for everybody to participate here.

And that's just it, that's what we need.

这就是我们需要的，就这么简单。

We need to build a future for our grandkids' grandkids.

我们需要为后代的后代创造未来。

Last month, I went out sailing,

上个月，我出海航行，

and we got out to the Farallon Islands, 25 miles off the Gate.

我们到了离金门25英里的法拉龙群岛。

And most people think of this as kind of a bird sanctuary,

大多数人认为这是一个鸟类保护区，

but we took our robot, and we sent it in.

但是我们带了机器人，把它送到水下。

And the people on the boat were astonished at the life beneath the surface.

一船人都被水下的生物群震惊了。

I mean, these are really, really important ecosystems.

这些是非常非常重要的生态系统。

Really, and this is a whole wild world we haven't yet explored.

真的，这是一个我们还没有 探索过的野生世界。

And we have an opportunity right now,

我们正面临着一个机会，

just as they did 100 years ago,

就像人们在100年前做的那样，

保护这些地方，制定计划， 让大家一起参与。

to protect these places, to put in a plan, to keep people engaged.

So last year, when the executive order came out,

所以去年，当那个行政命令出台时，

putting all of the progress we've made,

要审查我们取得的所有进展，

all of these new marine protected areas, under review,

审查所有这些新的海洋保护区，

there were over 100,000 people who commented online.

有超过10万人在网上评论。

Almost all of these letters were saying,

几乎所有这些留言都在说，

"Don't do it; protecting these places is the right thing to do."

“不要这样做；保护这些地方是正确的做法。”

My message to those 100,000 people, those 100,000 letters is:

我给这10万人，那10万条留言的回复是：

don't wait for Washington.

不要等待华盛顿。

We can do this ourselves.

我们自己就可以行动起来。

Thank you.

谢谢大家！

(Applause)

(掌声)