How architecture can create dignity for all | John Cary

Prevodilac: Stefan Zrnović Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

On a beautiful day, just a few years ago

Jednog prelepog dana, pre nekoliko godina,

my wife and I entered a hospital

moja supruga i ja otišli smo u bolnicu

near our home in Oakland, California

blizu naše kuće u Oklandu u Kaliforniji

for the birth of our first daughter, Maya.

da bi moja supruga rodila našu prvu kćerku, Maju.

We had responsibly toured the birthing center in advance

Iako smo odgovorno unapred otišli u obilazak bolnice,

and yet we were somehow still startled to find ourselves

ipak smo bili zbunjeni kada smo se našli

in the place where we would experience

na mestu gde će se dogoditi

one of the most significant moments of our lives.

jedan od najznačajnijih trenutaka u našim životima.

We were stuck in a windowless room

Bili smo zaglavljeni u sobi bez prozora,

with no hint of the bright and sunny day that we had left.

bez naznaka lepog i sunčanog dana iz koga smo došli.

Fluorescent lights buzzed overhead,

Fluorescentna svetla su zujala iznad naših glava,

the paint on the walls was beige

boja na zidovima je bila bež,

and machines beeped inexplicably

a mašine su neobjašnjivo pištale

as a wall clock indicated day turning to night.

dok je zidni sat najavljivao pretvaranje dana u noć.

That clock was placed above a door

Taj sat je bio smešten iznad vrata

in direct line of sight

sa direktnim pogledom na mesto gde je moja supruga ležala

to where my wife lay as her contractions increased hour after hour.

dok su se njene kontrakcije pojačavale iz sata u sat.

Now, I've never given birth --

Nikada se nisam porađao -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

but she assured me that the last thing that a birthing woman would ever want

ali me je uverila da je poslednja stvar koju bi žena na porođaju ikada želela

is to watch the seconds tick by.

je da gleda otkucaje sekundi.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

An architect by training, I've always been fascinated

Kao arhitekta po obrazovanju, uvek sam bio fasciniran

watching people experience design in the world around them.

dok sam posmatrao kako ljudi doživljavaju dizajn u svetu oko njih.

I believe design functions like the soundtrack

Verujem da projektovanje funkcioniše kao pesma

that we're not even fully aware is playing.

koje nismo u potpunosti svesni.

It sends us subconscious messages about how to feel

Ona nam šalje podsvesne poruke o tome kako da se osećamo

and what to expect.

i šta da očekujemo.

That room that we were in seemed completely misaligned

Ta soba u kojoj smo bili delovala je potpuno neusklađeno

with the moment that we were experiencing --

sa trenutkom koji smo proživljavali -

welcoming a human being,

dolazak ljudskog bića,

our daughter, into this world.

naše kćerke, na ovaj svet.

At one point a nurse, without any prompt,

U jednom trenutku, medicinska sestra se odjednom

turned to us and said,

okrenula ka nama i rekla:

"I always think to myself,

„Uvek razmišljam:

'I wish I had become an architect,

'Volela bih da sam arhitekta

because I could have designed rooms like this better.'"

jer bih mogla da mnogo bolje da projektujem ovakve prostorije.'“

I said to her,

Rekao sam joj:

"An architect did design this room."

„Arhitekta i jeste projektovao ovu prostoriju.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Despite the immense joy of our daughter's birth,

Uprkos neverovatnoj radosti zbog rođenja naše kćerke,

the messages of that hospital room stick with she and I to this day.

poruke iz te bolničke sobe ostale su u njoj i meni do danas.

Those messages are,

Te poruke su:

"You are not at home,

„Nisi kod kuće;

you are in a foreign place."

na stranom si mestu.“

"You are not in control of anything.

„Ne kontrolišeš ništa.

Not even the lighting."

Čak ni rasvetu.“

"Your comfort, simply, is secondary."

„Tvoj komfor je prosto sekundarna stvar.“

At best,

U najboljem slučaju,

a hospital room like this

bolničke sobe poput ove

might just be described or dismissed as uninspiring.

mogle bi biti opisane ili odbačene kao neinspirativne.

At worst, it is undignifying.

U najgorem slučaju je nedostojanstvena.

And I use it to point out that none of us,

I koristim je kao primer da istaknem da niko od nas,

anywhere in the world,

nigde na svetu,

are immune from bad design.

nije imun na loš dizajn.

I went into architecture because I believed

Išao sam u arhitektonsku školu jer sam verovao

it was about creating spaces for people to live their best lives.

da je u pitanju stvaranje prostora za ljude

kako bi živeli najbolje verzije svojih života.

And yet what I found is a profession largely disconnected

Međutim, otkrio sam da je to zanimanje koje je većim delom nepovezano

from the people most directly impacted by its work.

sa ljudima koji su najviše pod uticajem radova arhitekata.

I believe this is because architecture remains

Verujem da se ovo javlja zato što arhitektura i dalje predstavlja

a white, male, elitist profession --

belu, mušku, elitističku profesiju -

seemingly unconcerned

koja je naizgled nesvesna

with some of the greatest needs in the world

jedne od najvećih potreba u svetu

or even the relatively simple needs of an expectant mother.

ili čak relativno jednostavnih potreba trudnica.

Students are trained in school

Studenti se obučavaju u školama

using highly theoretical projects,

uz korišćenje veoma teoretskih projekata

rarely interacting with real people or actual communities.

i retko ostvaruju interakciju sa pravim ljudima i zajednicama.

Graduates are funneled through a long, narrow

Diplomci se oblikuju kroz dugi, uski,

unforgiving path to licensure.

surovi put do licence.

Meanwhile, the profession holds up a select few

U međuvremenu, profesija podržava tek nekoliko odabranih

through relentless award programs

kroz neprestane programe nagrada,

focused almost exclusively on the aesthetics of buildings,

fokusirane gotovo isključivo na estetiku zgrada

rather than the societal impact or contributions of them.

umesto na društveni uticaj ili njihov doprinos.

It only goes to reinforce a warped view

Ona jedino teži da ojača iskrivljenu sliku

of professional responsibility and success

o profesionalnoj odgovornosti i uspehu,

and yet this isn't why so many young, hopeful people

a to ipak nije razlog zašto mnogi mladi ljudi puni nade

go into architecture.

ulaze u profesiju arhitekture.

It's not why I did.

Ja nisam zato ušao.

I believed then, though I didn't have a language for it,

Tada sam verovao, iako to nisam mogao da izrazim,

and I know now, that design has a unique ability to dignify.

a sada znam da dizajn ima jedinstvenu sposobnost da oplemeni.

It can make people feel valued,

Može učiniti da ljudi osećaju da vrede,

respected,

da ih poštuju,

honored and seen.

cene i primećuju.

Now I'd like for you to just think about some of the spaces that you inhabit.

Voleo bih da pomislite samo na neka mesta na kojima živite.

And I'd like to have you think about how they make you feel.

Voleo bih da razmislite o tome kako čine da se osećate.

Now, there are places that make us feel unhappy,

To su mesta koja nas čine nesrećnima,

unhealthy

nezdravima

or uninspiring.

ili neinspirisanima.

They may be the places that you work

Mogu biti mesta gde radite,

or where you heal

lečite se

or even where you live.

ili čak živite.

And I ask, how might these places be better designed with you in mind?

Pitam vas, kako bi ova mesta mogla biti bolje projektovana za vaše potrebe?

It's a really simple question

Veoma je jednostavno pitanje

and it can somehow, sometimes be very difficult to answer.

i, nekako, nekada može biti veoma teško odgovoriti na njega.

Because we are conditioned to feel like we don't have much agency

Predodređeni smo da se osećamo kao da ne možemo mnogo da utičemo

over the spaces and places that we live, work and play.

na prostore i mesta u kojima živimo, radimo i igramo se.

And in many cases we don't.

U mnogim slučajevima nemamo,

But we all should.

ali bi trebalo da imamo.

Now, here's a potentially dumb question for any women watching:

Sledi verovatno glupo pitanje za svaku ženu koja ovo gleda:

Have you ever stood

da li ste ikada stajale

in a disproportionately long bathroom line?

u nesrazmerno dugačkom redu za toalet?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Did you ever think to yourself, "What is wrong with this picture?"

Da li ste ikada pomislili: „Šta ne valja ovde?“

Well, what if the real question is,

Šta ako je pravo pitanje:

"What is wrong with the men that designed these bathrooms?"

„Šta je muškarcima koji su projektovali ove toalete?“

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

It may seem like a small thing,

Možda deluje kao mala stvar,

but it's representative of a much more serious issue.

ali predstavlja mnogo ozbiljniji problem.

The contemporary world was literally built by men

Savremeni svet su doslovno izgradili muškarci

who have rarely taken the time to understand

koji su retko posvetili vremena da shvate

how people unlike them

kako ljudi drugačiji od njih

experience their designs.

doživljavaju njihove projekte.

A long bathroom line might seem like a minor indignity.

Dugačak red za toalet bi mogao da izgleda kao minimalna uvreda.

But the opposite can also be true.

Ali suprotno može takođe biti tačno.

Thoughtful design can make people feel respected

Dobro promišljeni projekat može da učini da ljudi osećaju da ih poštuju

and seen.

i primećuju.

I've come to believe that dignity is to design

Počeo sam da verujem da je poštovanje prema dizajnu

what justice is to law

isto što i pravda za pravo

and health is to medicine.

i zdravlje za medicinu.

In the simplest of terms,

Najjednostavnije rečeno,

it's about having the spaces you inhabit reflect back your value.

mesto u kom živite odražava vašu vrednost.

Over the past two years

Tokom prethodne dve godine

I had the opportunity to interview over 100 people from all walks of life

imao sam prilike da razgovaram sa više od 100 ljudi iz različitih oblasti

about their experience of design.

o iskustvu koje su imali sa projektovanjem.

I wanted to test my hunch

Želeo sam da testiram svoju slutnju

that dignity and design are uniquely related.

da su poštovanje i projektovanje istinski povezani.

I listened to Gregory,

Slušao sam Gregorija,

a resident of this cottage community

stanovnika ove naseobine sa kolibama

designed specifically

projektovanih posebno

for the 50 most chronically homeless people in Dallas.

za 50 najhroničnijih beskućnika u Dalasu.

Gregory had been living on the streets,

Gregori je živeo na ulicama,

drifting from town to town for over 30 years.

lutajući od grada do grada više od 30 godina.

A broad coalition

Veliko udruženje

of social service agencies,

agencija za socijalne službe,

funders and designers,

donatora i projektanata

created this place.

stvorilo je ovo mesto.

Each 400 square foot cottage is designed beautifully

Svaka koliba od 37 kvadratnih metara je prelepo projektovana

as a permanent home.

kao trajni dom.

Gregory now has a key

Gregori sada ima ključ

to a door

od vrata

to his own house.

svoje sopstvene kuće.

He describes the sense of security that it brings him.

Opisuje osećaj sigurnosti koji mu to donosi.

Something he had lived without for three decades.

Nešto bez čega je živeo tri decenije.

When he arrived with little more than the clothes on his back,

Kada je došao sa nešto više stvari od odeće na sebi,

he found everything:

našao je sve:

from a toaster, Crock-Pot and stove

od tostera, ekspres lonca i rerne

to a toothbrush and toothpaste awaiting for him.

do četkice i paste za zube koje su ga čekale.

He describes it simply

Jednostavno ih opisuje

as heaven.

kao raj.

On the other side of the world,

Na drugoj strani sveta

I listened to Antoinette,

slušao sam Antoanetu,

the director of this training and community center

predsednicu ove zajednice i centra za obuku

for women in rural Rwanda.

za žene u ruralnoj Ruandi.

Hundreds of women come to this place daily --

Stotine žena dolazi na ovo mesto svaki dan -

to learn new skills,

da stiče nove veštine,

be in community,

bude u zajednici

and continue rebuilding their lives

i nastavi da iznova gradi svoje živote

following the country's civil war.

nakon građanskog rata u državi.

These women literally pressed

Ove žene su doslovno ugradile

the 500,000 bricks

500 000 cigli

that make up the 17 classroom pavilions like this one.

koje sačinjavaju više od 17 učionica poput ove.

Antoinette told me,

Antoaneta mi je rekla:

"Everyone is so proud of it."

„Svi su veoma ponosni na ovo.“

And then back here in the US

Zatim sam ovde u Americi

I listened to Monika,

slušao Moniku,

the director of a free clinic

načelnicu besplatne klinke

primarily serving the uninsured in Arkansas.

koja prvenstveno pruža usluge stanovnicima Arkanzasa bez osiguranja.

Monika loves telling me that the doctors,

Monika voli da deli sa mnom priče o tome da joj doktori

who volunteer at her free clinic

koji volontiraju u njenoj besplatnoj klinici

routinely tell her

stalno govore

that they've never worked in such a beautiful, light-filled place.

da nikada nisu radili na tako lepom mestu, punom svetlosti.

Monika believes

Monika veruje

that even people experiencing poverty

da čak i ljudi koji su siromašni

deserve quality health care.

zaslužuju kvalitetnu zdravstvenu negu.

And what's more,

Štaviše,

she believes they deserve to receive that care

ona veruje da zaslužuju da dobijaju tu negu

in a dignified setting.

u dostojanstvenom okruženju.

People like these are invaluable ambassadors for design

Ovakvi ljudi su neprocenjivi ambasadori projektovanja,

and yet they are roundly absent from architectural discourse.

a ipak uopšte nisu uključeni u razgovore o arhitekturi.

Similarly, the people who can most benefit from good design

Slično tome, ljudi koji mogu da imaju koristi od dobrog dizajna

often have the least access to it.

često imaju najmanji pristup tome.

Your cousin, a homeless veteran;

Vaš rođak, beskućnik-veteran,

your grandma or grandpa

vaša baka ili deka

who live in a house with a kitchen that's no longer accessible to them;

koji žive u kući sa kuhinjom koja im nije više dostupna,

your wheelchair-bound sister

vaša sestra u kolicima

in a suburban area planned without sidewalks.

u prigradskom naselju bez isplaniranog trotoara.

If good design is only for a privileged few,

Ako dobar projekat postoji samo za privilegovanu manjinu,

what good is it?

šta je u tome dobro?

It's time designers change this

Vreme je da projektanti promene ovo

by dedicating their practices to the public good

tako što će posvetiti svoj rad javnom dobru

in the model of firms

u modelima firmi

like Orkidstudio,

poput Orkidstudija,

Studio Gang

Studija Gang

and MASS Design Group.

i MASS Dizajn grupe.

Their clients

Njihovi klijenti

are orphaned children in Kenya,

su siročići u Keniji,

foster children in Chicago

štićenici u Čikagu

and pregnant women in Malawi.

i trudnice u Malaviju.

Their practices are premised on the belief

Njihov praktični rad se zasniva na verovanju

that everyone deserves good design.

da svako zaslužuje dobar projekat.

Dedicating more practices to the public good

Posvećivanje više praktičnog rada javnom dobru

will not only create more design that is dignifying,

neće samo stvoriti više dizajna koji je dostojanstven,

but it will also dignify the practice of design.

već će učiniti proces projektovanja dostojanstvenijim.

It will not only diversify the client base of design,

Neće samo učiniti bazu klijenata raznovrsnom

but it will also create new, more diverse forms of design

već će i stvoriti nove, različitije forme projektovanja

for the world.

za svet.

Now, in order to do this,

Da bismo to ostvarili,

my architecture and design friends, especially my fellow white guys,

moji prijatelji arhitekte, posebno kolege belci,

we must simultaneously and significantly diversify our ranks.

moramo da paralelno i značajno preinačimo svoja zvanja.

If we want the public to believe that design is for them

Ako želimo da javnost veruje da je projekat za njih

and for everyone.

i svakoga.

Today, barely 15 percent

Danas, jedva 15 procenata

of registered architects in the United States are women.

registrovanih arhitekata u Sjedinjenim Državama su žene.

And a far smaller percentage are persons of color.

A značajno manji procenat čine ljudi druge boje kože.

Other professions, like law and medicine

Druge profesije, poput prava ili medicine,

had made far greater strides in these crucial areas.

načinile su daleko veće korake u ovim najznačajnijim oblastima.

How might our shared built environment --

Kako bi naše zajedničko okruženje -

our homes, our hospitals, our schools, our public spaces --

kuće, bolnice, škole, javna mesta -

be shaped differently

moglo biti oblikovano drugačije

if women and people of color

da žene i ljudi različite boje kože

were behind half of the proverbial blueprints?

čine polovinu uobičajenog plana?

It is not a question of whether,

Nije pitanje toga da li su,

but to what extent

već do koje mere

our buildings, our landscapes,

naše zgrade, pejzaži,

our cities and our rural communities

gradovi i naše ruralne zajednice

are less beautiful, less functional,

manje lepe, funkcionalne,

less equitable and less dignifying

pravedne i dostojanstvene

because women and people of color are less likely to be creating them.

jer je manje žena i ljudi različite boje kože koji ih stvaraju.

As Winston Churchill famously noted in 1943

Kao što je Vinston Čerčil proslavljeno izjavio 1943. godine

when he called for the rebuilding

kada je pozvao na ponovnu izgradnju

of London's war-damaged parliamentary chambers,

londoskih kancelarija parlamenta oštećenih u ratu:

"We shape our buildings, and afterward, they shape us."

„Mi oblikujemo svoje zgrade, a zatim one oblikuju nas.“

The good news is that we can change how we build

Dobra vest je da možemo da promenimo način na koji gradimo

and who we build for.

i za koga gradimo,

Be that a health worker in rural Rwanda,

bilo da je to zdravstveni radnik u ruralnoj Ruandi

or a birthing mother and nervous new father in the United States.

ili trudnica i nervozni budući otac u Sjedinjenim Državama.

We can do this by recommitting architecture

Ovo možemo ostvariti tako što ćemo ponovo posvetiti arhitekturu

to the health, safety and welfare of the public.

zdravlju, sigurnosti i blagostanju javnosti.

This will pay dividends.

Ovo će se isplatiti.

Because once you see what design can do,

Jer jednom kada vidite šta projekti mogu,

you can't unsee it.

ne možete ih ignorisati.

And once you experience dignity,

Čim doživite dostojanstvo,

you can't accept anything less.

ne možete prihvatiti ništa manje od toga.

Both become part of your possible.

Oba postaju deo vaših mogućnosti.

One of my favorite conversation partners is my 90-year-old grandmother,

Jedan od mojih omiljenih sagovornika je moja 90-godišnja baka,

Audrey Gorwitz, from Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

Odri Gorvic, iz Oškoša u Viskonsinu.

After one of our conversations about design,

Nakon jednog od naših razgovora o dizajnu,

she wrote me a letter.

napisala mi je pismo.

She said, "Dear Johnny,

Rekla je: „Dragi Džoni,

I thought the other day, as I sat in my doctor's office,

razmišljala sam pre neki dan dok sam sedela u ordinaciji svog doktora,

how depressing it was,

kako je deprimirajuće,

from the color on the wall, to the carpet on the floor.

od boje zidova do tepiha na podu.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now I will have to call to see

Moraću da zovem i vidim

who is responsible for the drabness in that place."

ko je odgovoran za bezdušnost tog prostora.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

In the same letter, mind you, she said,

U istom pismu, rekla je:

"I did call, and I got the man in charge,

„Pozvala sam i dobila odgovornog za projekat,

and he said he appreciated someone calling him.

a rekao mi je da ceni što ga je neko pozvao.

My doctor's office is now on the list for an upgrade."

Ordinacija mog doktora je na listi za adaptaciju.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

She signed it by saying,

Završila je pismo rečenicom:

"It is always good to express one's opinion

„Uvek je dobro izraziti svoje mišljenje

if done in a proper manner."

ako je izraženo na odgovarajući način.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

I love my grandma.

Volim svoju baku.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Like my grandma Audrey,

Kao i moja baka Odri,

you deserve good design.

zaslužujete dobar dizajn.

Because well-designed spaces

Jer dobro projektovani prostori

are not just a matter of taste or a questions of aesthetics.

nisu samo stvar ukusa ili pitanje estetike.

They literally shape our ideas about who we are in the world

Oni doslovno oblikuju naše ideje o tome ko smo u svetu

and what we deserve.

i šta zaslužujemo.

That is the essence of dignity.

To je suština dostojanstva.

And both the opportunity and the responsibility of design

Kao i prilika i odgovornost za dizajn

for good

za sva vremena

and for all.

i za sve.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)