How architecture can create dignity for all | John Cary

翻译人员: psjmz mz 校对人员: BOYU CHAI

On a beautiful day, just a few years ago

在几年前一个美妙的日子里，

my wife and I entered a hospital

我和妻子来到

near our home in Oakland, California

加州奥克兰离家不远的一家医院，

for the birth of our first daughter, Maya.

准备迎接我们第一个女儿 玛雅的出生。

We had responsibly toured the birthing center in advance

我们早先已经参观过生育中心，

and yet we were somehow still startled to find ourselves

可是我们仍然开始为

in the place where we would experience

将要在这个地方度过生命中

one of the most significant moments of our lives.

最为重要的一个时刻而感到兴奋。

We were stuck in a windowless room

我们被困在一个没有窗户的房间里，

with no hint of the bright and sunny day that we had left.

看不到任何光线 和外面晴朗天气的迹象。

Fluorescent lights buzzed overhead,

头顶的荧光灯滋滋作响，

the paint on the walls was beige

墙上涂抹的是米黄色的墙漆，

and machines beeped inexplicably

机器莫名地哔哔声不绝，

as a wall clock indicated day turning to night.

墙上的钟表指示着日夜的流转。

That clock was placed above a door

挂在门上面的钟表

in direct line of sight

直对着

to where my wife lay as her contractions increased hour after hour.

宫缩不断增加的妻子躺下的地方。

Now, I've never given birth --

我没有生小孩的经验——

(Laughter)

（笑声）

but she assured me that the last thing that a birthing woman would ever want

但她向我说， 作为一个孕妇最希望的是

is to watch the seconds tick by.

看到时间一秒一秒过去。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

An architect by training, I've always been fascinated

作为一个训练有素的建筑师， 我总是着迷于

watching people experience design in the world around them.

观察人们体验周遭世界的设计。

I believe design functions like the soundtrack

我坚信设计的功用就如同配乐，

that we're not even fully aware is playing.

我们往往都不会意识到它正在播放。

It sends us subconscious messages about how to feel

它向我们传递着事关如何体验，

and what to expect.

以及有何预期的潜藏信息。

That room that we were in seemed completely misaligned

我们所在的这个房间与我们

with the moment that we were experiencing --

正在经历的

welcoming a human being,

迎接一个人的诞生——

our daughter, into this world.

我的女儿，来到这个世界上 出现了明显的错位。

At one point a nurse, without any prompt,

有个护士，不经意地

turned to us and said,

转向我对我说，

"I always think to myself,

“我有时候想，

'I wish I had become an architect,

我真希望成为建筑师，

because I could have designed rooms like this better.'"

这样我就可以把 这个房间设计得更好些。“

I said to her,

我对她说道，

"An architect did design this room."

“的确是建筑师设计了这房子。”

(Laughter)

（笑）

Despite the immense joy of our daughter's birth,

尽管女儿的出生 给我们带来无尽的喜悦，

the messages of that hospital room stick with she and I to this day.

但医院产房所传递的信息 一直印在我和妻子的脑海中。

Those messages are,

那些信息在提醒你，

"You are not at home,

“你不是在家里，

you are in a foreign place."

你在一个陌生的地方。”

"You are not in control of anything.

“你无法控制任何事情，

Not even the lighting."

就连灯光也不受你控制。”

"Your comfort, simply, is secondary."

“你的舒适只是次要的。”

At best,

最好的情况是，

a hospital room like this

像医院产房这样的地方

might just be described or dismissed as uninspiring.

只是被视为令人沮丧的。

At worst, it is undignifying.

糟糕点，则是让人丧失尊严的。

And I use it to point out that none of us,

我想用这个案例来说明， 我们任何人，

anywhere in the world,

无论在哪里，

are immune from bad design.

都无法摆脱糟糕设计的影响。

I went into architecture because I believed

我从事建筑行业，是因为我相信

it was about creating spaces for people to live their best lives.

这是关于构筑人们 美好生活空间的工作。

And yet what I found is a profession largely disconnected

然而我却发现专业性

from the people most directly impacted by its work.

与人们从建筑中直接感受 的往往非常脱节。

I believe this is because architecture remains

我认为这是因为，建筑仍然

a white, male, elitist profession --

是一个白人，男性，精英的职业——

seemingly unconcerned

对世界上最重要的需求，

with some of the greatest needs in the world

或者一个产妇简单的需求

or even the relatively simple needs of an expectant mother.

基本上是漠不关心的。

Students are trained in school

学生在学校

using highly theoretical projects,

接受的是非常理论化的训练，

rarely interacting with real people or actual communities.

很少与真实世界中 的人或社群接触。

Graduates are funneled through a long, narrow

毕业生只能通过一条又长又窄，

unforgiving path to licensure.

且不容许任何闪失 的路径来取得文凭。

Meanwhile, the profession holds up a select few

与此同时，专业领域

through relentless award programs

举办的少数奖项，

focused almost exclusively on the aesthetics of buildings,

仅聚焦于建筑的美学，

rather than the societal impact or contributions of them.

而非建筑的社交影响和贡献。

It only goes to reinforce a warped view

这些只是进一步扭曲了

of professional responsibility and success

职业责任和成功的观点，

and yet this isn't why so many young, hopeful people

然而这些并不是 很多满怀憧憬的年轻人

go into architecture.

从事建筑行业的原因。

It's not why I did.

这不是我想要的。

I believed then, though I didn't have a language for it,

那时候，我并没有 合适的词来形容这个行业，

and I know now, that design has a unique ability to dignify.

但我现在知道了， 设计有构建尊严的独特能力。

It can make people feel valued,

它可以让人们感到被珍视，

respected,

受尊重，

honored and seen.

和被认可。

Now I'd like for you to just think about some of the spaces that you inhabit.

现在我想让你们去想想 你们所居住的空间。

And I'd like to have you think about how they make you feel.

我想让你们去想想 你对它们的感觉。

Now, there are places that make us feel unhappy,

这些地方多半让我们感到不开心，

unhealthy

不健康

or uninspiring.

或者无法让人振奋。

They may be the places that you work

它们可能是你们工作的地方，

or where you heal

是你接受治疗的场所，

or even where you live.

或是你生活的地方。

And I ask, how might these places be better designed with you in mind?

我要问，你们觉得这些地方 还可以如何更好地设计下？

It's a really simple question

这是一个非常简单的问题，

and it can somehow, sometimes be very difficult to answer.

但有时候还真挺难回答。

Because we are conditioned to feel like we don't have much agency

因为我们习惯于不过多

over the spaces and places that we live, work and play.

关注我们生活、工作、 玩耍的空间和场所。

And in many cases we don't.

很多时候我们完全不关心。

But we all should.

但我们应该这样做。

Now, here's a potentially dumb question for any women watching:

我想在这里向现场的女性 提一个很愚蠢的问题：

Have you ever stood

你们有没有

in a disproportionately long bathroom line?

在小小卫生间前排过长长的队伍？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Did you ever think to yourself, "What is wrong with this picture?"

你们有没有问过自己， 这场面出了什么问题？

Well, what if the real question is,

实际上，这个问题应该这样问：

"What is wrong with the men that designed these bathrooms?"

“设计这个卫生间 的男人们有什么问题？”

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

It may seem like a small thing,

这看起来也许只是件小事，

but it's representative of a much more serious issue.

却反映了一个非常严肃的问题。

The contemporary world was literally built by men

当代世界主要是男性建造的，

who have rarely taken the time to understand

这些人很少花时间去理解

how people unlike them

跟他们不一样的人

experience their designs.

如何体验他们的设计。

A long bathroom line might seem like a minor indignity.

卫生间外的长队看来 只是轻微的有伤尊严。

But the opposite can also be true.

但另一面也许是真的，

Thoughtful design can make people feel respected

考虑周到的设计能够 让人们感受到尊重

and seen.

和被认可。

I've come to believe that dignity is to design

我认为尊严对于设计

what justice is to law

就如公正对于法律，

and health is to medicine.

健康对于医学，

In the simplest of terms,

用最简单的话说，

it's about having the spaces you inhabit reflect back your value.

它是关于让居住空间反映你的价值。

Over the past two years

在过去两年，

I had the opportunity to interview over 100 people from all walks of life

我有机会访谈超过100个人，

about their experience of design.

关于他们如何体验设计。

I wanted to test my hunch

我想要测试我的预感，

that dignity and design are uniquely related.

即尊严和设计有特殊的联系。

I listened to Gregory,

我倾听了格雷戈里，

a resident of this cottage community

一名住在平房社区的居民，

designed specifically

这个社区专为

for the 50 most chronically homeless people in Dallas.

达拉斯50位无家可归的人们所设计。

Gregory had been living on the streets,

格雷戈里一直住在这些街区，

drifting from town to town for over 30 years.

在城镇之间飘荡了超过30年。

A broad coalition

一个广泛联合了

of social service agencies,

社会服务机构，

funders and designers,

资助者和设计师的组织

created this place.

创建了这个地方。

Each 400 square foot cottage is designed beautifully

每一座400平方英尺的居家小屋

as a permanent home.

都设计得很漂亮。

Gregory now has a key

格雷戈里现在拥有了

to a door

他家

to his own house.

房门的钥匙，

He describes the sense of security that it brings him.

他说这带给了他安全感。

Something he had lived without for three decades.

这种他已经失去30年的东西。

When he arrived with little more than the clothes on his back,

当他背包入住时，

he found everything:

他发现了齐全的生活用品：

from a toaster, Crock-Pot and stove

从烤面包机、慢炖锅和炉子

to a toothbrush and toothpaste awaiting for him.

到牙刷和牙膏都在等候他。

He describes it simply

他对这一切的描述非常简单，

as heaven.

犹如天堂。

On the other side of the world,

在世界的另一边，

I listened to Antoinette,

我听了安托瓦内特的故事，

the director of this training and community center

她是这座为卢旺达的妇女提供的

for women in rural Rwanda.

培训和社区中心的主管。

Hundreds of women come to this place daily --

成百上千的妇女每天来到这地方

to learn new skills,

学习新技能，

be in community,

成为社区的一员，

and continue rebuilding their lives

在这个国家的内战后

following the country's civil war.

继续重建她们的生活。

These women literally pressed

这些妇女

the 500,000 bricks

压制了50万块转头，

that make up the 17 classroom pavilions like this one.

建造了17个像这样的教室展馆。

Antoinette told me,

安托瓦内特告诉我，

"Everyone is so proud of it."

”每个人都为之自豪“。

And then back here in the US

再回到美国，

I listened to Monika,

我倾听了莫妮卡的讲述，

the director of a free clinic

她是一家主要为 阿肯色州无保险的人

primarily serving the uninsured in Arkansas.

提供免费诊疗服务的诊所主管。

Monika loves telling me that the doctors,

莫妮卡告诉我那些自愿来这

who volunteer at her free clinic

提供免费诊疗的医生

routinely tell her

不时告诉她，

that they've never worked in such a beautiful, light-filled place.

他们从没有在如此 美丽，明亮的场所工作过。

Monika believes

莫妮卡相信，

that even people experiencing poverty

即便是贫穷的人

deserve quality health care.

也值得享受高质量的医疗服务。

And what's more,

而且，

she believes they deserve to receive that care

她相信他们值得接受

in a dignified setting.

有尊严的治疗。

People like these are invaluable ambassadors for design

这些人都是无价的设计大使，

and yet they are roundly absent from architectural discourse.

但他们并不存在于建筑的话语中。

Similarly, the people who can most benefit from good design

同样，最能从好设计中获益的人

often have the least access to it.

往往却几乎接触不到这些设计。

Your cousin, a homeless veteran;

你的堂兄，一个无家可归的老兵；

your grandma or grandpa

你的祖父祖母，

who live in a house with a kitchen that's no longer accessible to them;

已经无法使用家里的厨房；

your wheelchair-bound sister

你坐轮椅的妹妹，

in a suburban area planned without sidewalks.

住在没有人行道规划的郊区。

If good design is only for a privileged few,

如果好的设计仅是少数人的特权，

what good is it?

它又好在哪里呢？

It's time designers change this

设计师是时候改变这些了，

by dedicating their practices to the public good

他们应该把自己的实践贡献给

in the model of firms

公司模式中的公共利益，

like Orkidstudio,

如兰花工作室（Orkidstudio），

Studio Gang

甘建筑工作室（Studio Gang），

and MASS Design Group.

马萨设计工作室 （MASS Design Group）。

Their clients

他们的客户

are orphaned children in Kenya,

是肯尼亚的孤儿，

foster children in Chicago

芝加哥的寄养儿童

and pregnant women in Malawi.

和马拉维的孕妇。

Their practices are premised on the belief

他们的实践基于这个信念：

that everyone deserves good design.

每个人都值得拥有好的设计。

Dedicating more practices to the public good

致力于为公众利益贡献更多实践，

will not only create more design that is dignifying,

他们不仅创造了更多有尊严的设计，

but it will also dignify the practice of design.

也让设计本身变得有尊严。

It will not only diversify the client base of design,

它不仅使设计的客户基础多元化，

but it will also create new, more diverse forms of design

也为世界创造了 更多新的，多元化的

for the world.

设计样式。

Now, in order to do this,

要实现这点，

my architecture and design friends, especially my fellow white guys,

我的建筑师和设计师朋友， 尤其是我的白人朋友们，

we must simultaneously and significantly diversify our ranks.

我们必须同时且显著地 提升我们队伍的多元化。

If we want the public to believe that design is for them

如果我们想要公众相信， 设计是为了他们，

and for everyone.

为每一个人。

Today, barely 15 percent

今天，只有15%

of registered architects in the United States are women.

的美国注册建造师是女性。

And a far smaller percentage are persons of color.

有色人种的比例就更小了。

Other professions, like law and medicine

其他职业，如法律和医疗，

had made far greater strides in these crucial areas.

在这些关键领域都有长足的进步。

How might our shared built environment --

我们共同拥有的环境——

our homes, our hospitals, our schools, our public spaces --

如果女性和有色人种

be shaped differently

占比远小于一半，

if women and people of color

我们的家园，医院， 学校和公众场所

were behind half of the proverbial blueprints?

如何得以不同？

It is not a question of whether,

这不是是与否的问题，

but to what extent

而是在多大程度上，

our buildings, our landscapes,

由于女性和有色人种较少参与其中，

our cities and our rural communities

我们的建筑，我们的景观，

are less beautiful, less functional,

我们的城市和我们的乡村，

less equitable and less dignifying

会少一些美观，少一些功用，

because women and people of color are less likely to be creating them.

会少一些公平，少一些尊严？

As Winston Churchill famously noted in 1943

正如战后伦敦议会两院的重建时，

when he called for the rebuilding

温斯顿·丘吉尔在1943年 呼吁时所说的，

of London's war-damaged parliamentary chambers,

战后伦敦议会两院的重建时，

"We shape our buildings, and afterward, they shape us."

“我们塑造了建筑，而建筑 反过来也塑造了我们。”

The good news is that we can change how we build

好消息是，我们可以改变 打造建筑的方式

and who we build for.

以及我们所服务的对象，

Be that a health worker in rural Rwanda,

如卢旺达农村的卫生工作者，

or a birthing mother and nervous new father in the United States.

或者在美国生育的母亲和紧张的父亲。

We can do this by recommitting architecture

我们可以通过重申建筑服务于

to the health, safety and welfare of the public.

公众的健康，安全和福利来实现。

This will pay dividends.

这会带来好处。

Because once you see what design can do,

因为一旦你看到了建筑的功效，

you can't unsee it.

你就不能无视它。

And once you experience dignity,

而一旦你体验了尊严，

you can't accept anything less.

你就无法接受让人有失颜面的东西。

Both become part of your possible.

两者都成为你可能的一部分。

One of my favorite conversation partners is my 90-year-old grandmother,

我最喜欢的谈话对象 是我90岁的奶奶。

Audrey Gorwitz, from Oshkosh, Wisconsin.

来自威斯康星州 奥什科什的奥黛丽·戈维茨。

After one of our conversations about design,

有次我们聊完建筑的话题后，

she wrote me a letter.

她给我写了一封信。

She said, "Dear Johnny,

信中说：“亲爱的强尼，

I thought the other day, as I sat in my doctor's office,

“我想起有一天， 我坐在医生的办公室，

how depressing it was,

从墙的颜色到地毯，

from the color on the wall, to the carpet on the floor.

是多么令人沮丧。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Now I will have to call to see

现在我要打个电话，

who is responsible for the drabness in that place."

去看看谁应该为这里的乏味负责。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

In the same letter, mind you, she said,

在同样的信件中，她说道，

"I did call, and I got the man in charge,

“我真的打了电话， 我找到了负责的人。

and he said he appreciated someone calling him.

他说很感谢有人打给他，

My doctor's office is now on the list for an upgrade."

我医生的办公室现在已经 列在升级改造的清单上了。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

She signed it by saying,

她字里行间都在表明，

"It is always good to express one's opinion

“表达观点永远都是有益的，

if done in a proper manner."

如果以适当的方式进行。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

I love my grandma.

我爱我奶奶。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Like my grandma Audrey,

跟我奶奶奥黛丽一样，

you deserve good design.

你们都值得好的设计。

Because well-designed spaces

因为精心设计的空间

are not just a matter of taste or a questions of aesthetics.

不仅事关品味和美学。

They literally shape our ideas about who we are in the world

它们还够塑造了我们 在这个世界中如何定义自己，

and what we deserve.

我们值得拥有什么的观点。

That is the essence of dignity.

这就是尊严的本质。

And both the opportunity and the responsibility of design

设计的机会和责任是为了

for good

美好，

and for all.

为了所有人。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）