How algorithms shape our world | Kevin Slavin

Prevodilac: Sofija Dorotic Lektor: Ivana Korom

This is a photograph

Ovo je fotografija

by the artist Michael Najjar,

umetnika Mihaela Najara

and it's real,

i ona je stvarna

in the sense that he went there to Argentina

u smislu da je on otišao u Argentinu

to take the photo.

da bi napravio ovu fotografiju.

But it's also a fiction. There's a lot of work that went into it after that.

Ali je i izmišljenja. Uloženo je mnogo rada u nju nakon fotografisanja.

And what he's done

On ju je

is he's actually reshaped, digitally,

digitalno preoblikovao,

all of the contours of the mountains

tako da vrhovi planina

to follow the vicissitudes of the Dow Jones index.

prate kretanje Dau Džons (Dow Jones) indeksa.

So what you see,

Dakle, to što vidite,

that precipice, that high precipice with the valley,

ova provalija, duboka provalija sa dolinom,

is the 2008 financial crisis.

je finansijska kriza iz 2008.

The photo was made

Ova fotografija je napravljena

when we were deep in the valley over there.

kada smo bili duboko u finansijskoj provaliji.

I don't know where we are now.

Ne znam gde se sada nalazimo.

This is the Hang Seng index

Ovo je Hang Seng indeks

for Hong Kong.

berze u Hong Kongu.

And similar topography.

I slična topografija.

I wonder why.

Pitam se zašto?

And this is art. This is metaphor.

Ovo je umetnost. Ovo je metafora.

But I think the point is

Ali poenta je u tome

that this is metaphor with teeth,

da je ovo metafora sa zubima.

and it's with those teeth that I want to propose today

I sa tim metaforičkim zubima želim danas da predložim

that we rethink a little bit

da malo porazmislimo

about the role of contemporary math --

o ulozi savremene matematike,

not just financial math, but math in general.

ne samo finansijske matematike, već generalno matematike.

That its transition

Njena tranzicija

from being something that we extract and derive from the world

od nečega što smo uzeli od sveta,

to something that actually starts to shape it --

do nečega što stvarno počinje da ga oblikuje --

the world around us and the world inside us.

svet oko nas i svet u nama.

And it's specifically algorithms,

I njegovi specifični algoritmi

which are basically the math

koji su u suštini matematika

that computers use to decide stuff.

koju kompjuteri koriste da donesu odluke.

They acquire the sensibility of truth

Oni zahtevaju osećaj za istinu

because they repeat over and over again,

jer se stalno ponavljaju.

and they ossify and calcify,

I oni okoštavaju i kalcifikuju se

and they become real.

i postaju stvarni.

And I was thinking about this, of all places,

Od svih mesta, ja sam o ovome razmišljao

on a transatlantic flight a couple of years ago,

na preko-okeanskom letu pre par godina

because I happened to be seated

jer su me smestili

next to a Hungarian physicist about my age

pored mađarskog fizičara koji je bio mojih godina

and we were talking

i razgovarali smo

about what life was like during the Cold War

o tome kakav je bio život fizičara

for physicists in Hungary.

u Mađarskoj za vreme Hladnog rata.

And I said, "So what were you doing?"

Upitao sam ga: "Šta ste Vi radili?"

And he said, "Well we were mostly breaking stealth."

A on je rekao: "Pa, uglavnom smo pokušavali da prokljuvimo nevidljivost lovačkih aviona."

And I said, "That's a good job. That's interesting.

Rekao sam: "To zvuči kao dobar posao. To je interesantno"

How does that work?"

Kako to funkcioniše?"

And to understand that,

Da bi razumeli to,

you have to understand a little bit about how stealth works.

morate da razumete kako funkcioniše nevidljivost aviona.

And so -- this is an over-simplification --

Ovo je jako prosto objašnjenje

but basically, it's not like

ali u suštini, ne možete tako jednostavno

you can just pass a radar signal

da prođete radarskim signalom

right through 156 tons of steel in the sky.

kroz 156 tona čelika na nebu.

It's not just going to disappear.

Objekat neće tek tako nestati.

But if you can take this big, massive thing,

Ali možete uzeti tu veliku, masivnu stvar,

and you could turn it into

i pretvoriti je u

a million little things --

milion malih stvari --

something like a flock of birds --

nesto poput jata ptica --

well then the radar that's looking for that

tada radar koji ga traži

has to be able to see

mora biti u mogućnosti i da vidi

every flock of birds in the sky.

svako jato ptica na nebu.

And if you're a radar, that's a really bad job.

Ako ste radar, to je jako naporan posao.

And he said, "Yeah." He said, "But that's if you're a radar.

"Da", reče on, "samo ako si radar".

So we didn't use a radar;

Tako da nismo koristili radar;

we built a black box that was looking for electrical signals,

napravili smo crnu kutiju koja je tražila električne signale,

electronic communication.

elektronsku komunikaciju.

And whenever we saw a flock of birds that had electronic communication,

I kad god smo videli jato ptica koje komunicira elektronski

we thought, 'Probably has something to do with the Americans.'"

pomislili smo da to sigurno ima veze sa Amerikancima."

And I said, "Yeah.

Rekao sam: "Da.

That's good.

To je dobro

So you've effectively negated

"Vi ste dakle efektivno negirali

60 years of aeronautic research.

60 godina aeronautičkih istraživanja."

What's your act two?

Šta je vaš drugi čin?

What do you do when you grow up?"

Šta ćete raditi kada odrastete?"

And he said,

I on reče,

"Well, financial services."

Pa... finansijske usluge.

And I said, "Oh."

"Oh", rekoh ja na to.

Because those had been in the news lately.

O tome se nedavno govorilo u vestima.

And I said, "How does that work?"

"Kako to funkcioniše?", pitao sam.

And he said, "Well there's 2,000 physicists on Wall Street now,

A on je odgovorio, "Na Vol Stritu imaš trenutno 2000 fizičara

and I'm one of them."

i ja sam jedan od njih."

And I said, "What's the black box for Wall Street?"

"Šta je crna kutija Vol Strita?", upitah ga.

And he said, "It's funny you ask that,

A on reče: "Zanimljivo je što to pitate,

because it's actually called black box trading.

jer se to zapravo zove trgovanje iz crne kutije".

And it's also sometimes called algo trading,

A ponekad se zove i algo trgovanje,

algorithmic trading."

algoritamsko trgovanje."

And algorithmic trading evolved in part

Algoritamsko trgovanje se razvilo

because institutional traders have the same problems

jer su institucionalni trgovci imali isti problem

that the United States Air Force had,

kao i Američka vazdušna avijacija.

which is that they're moving these positions --

Oni su menjali svoje vlasničke pozicije --

whether it's Proctor & Gamble or Accenture, whatever --

bilo da su Proctor & Gamble ili Accenture ili neko drugi --

they're moving a million shares of something

menjali vlasništvo nad milionima

through the market.

deonica nečega na tržištu.

And if they do that all at once,

I ako oni to urade odjednom,

it's like playing poker and going all in right away.

to je kao da svi sve ulože u prvom delenju u pokeru

You just tip your hand.

Samo odate karte.

And so they have to find a way --

Tako da su morali da nađu način --

and they use algorithms to do this --

i za to koriste algoritme --

to break up that big thing

da podele tu jednu veliku transakciju

into a million little transactions.

u milion malih transakcija.

And the magic and the horror of that

Magija i horor toga

is that the same math

je što ta ista matematika

that you use to break up the big thing

koju koristite da biste razbili tu veliku stvar

into a million little things

na milion manjih delova

can be used to find a million little things

može da koristi da nađete milion malih delova

and sew them back together

i spojite ih nazad u jednu celinu

and figure out what's actually happening in the market.

i tako otkrijete šta se dešava na tržištu.

So if you need to have some image

Ako vam treba slika o tome

of what's happening in the stock market right now,

šta se dešava na berzi deonica trenutno,

what you can picture is a bunch of algorithms

možete da zamislite kao veliki broj algoritama

that are basically programmed to hide,

koji su u suštini programirani da prikriju transakcije,

and a bunch of algorithms that are programmed to go find them and act.

i mnogo algoritama koji su programirani da ih nađu i deluju.

And all of that's great, and it's fine.

I sve je to u redu.

And that's 70 percent

Dok ne saznate da oni čine 70 posto

of the United States stock market,

prometa na berzama u Sjedinjenim Državama,

70 percent of the operating system

70% operativnog sistema,

formerly known as your pension,

formalno poznatog kao vaša penzija,

your mortgage.

vaša hipoteka.

And what could go wrong?

A šta je moglo da krene po zlu?

What could go wrong

Ono što je krenulo po zlu

is that a year ago,

je da je pre godinu dana

nine percent of the entire market just disappears in five minutes,

devet posto ukupnog tržišta nestalo za pet minuta,

and they called it the Flash Crash of 2:45.

i to nazivaju "Blic lom u 2:45"

All of a sudden, nine percent just goes away,

Iz čista mira, devet procenata je nestalo,

and nobody to this day

i do današnjeg dana se niko

can even agree on what happened

ne može složiti oko toga šta se desilo,

because nobody ordered it, nobody asked for it.

jer niko to nije naredio, niti tražio.

Nobody had any control over what was actually happening.

Niko nije imao kontrolu nad tim.

All they had

Sve što su imali je bio monitor

was just a monitor in front of them

ispred sebe

that had the numbers on it

sa brojevima

and just a red button

i crveno dugme

that said, "Stop."

na kojem je pisalo, "Stop."

And that's the thing,

Stvar je u tome

is that we're writing things,

da mi pišemo stvari,

we're writing these things that we can no longer read.

pišemo stvari koje nismo u stanju više da pročitamo.

And we've rendered something

Dobili smo nešto

illegible,

nečitko.

and we've lost the sense

I izgubili smo ideju

of what's actually happening

o tome šta se stvarno dešava

in this world that we've made.

u svetu koji smo napravili.

And we're starting to make our way.

I počeli smo da radimo po sopstvenom nahođenju.

There's a company in Boston called Nanex,

U Bostonu postoji kompanija koja se zove Nanex,

and they use math and magic

i oni koriste matematiku i magiju

and I don't know what,

i ne znam šta još sve ne,

and they reach into all the market data

i pristupaju svim podacima tržišta

and they find, actually sometimes, some of these algorithms.

i pronalaze, ponekad, neke od tih algoritama.

And when they find them they pull them out

Tu gde ih nađu oni ih izvuku

and they pin them to the wall like butterflies.

i zakače na zid kao leptire u insektarijumu.

And they do what we've always done

Oni rade ono što mi oduvek radimo

when confronted with huge amounts of data that we don't understand --

kada smo suočeni sa velikom količinom podataka koje ne razumemo,

which is that they give them a name

a to je da im daju imena

and a story.

i priču.

So this is one that they found,

Ovo je jedna koju su našli,

they called the Knife,

i nazvali je "Nož",

the Carnival,

"Karneval",

the Boston Shuffler,

"Bostonski mešač",

Twilight.

"Sumrak".

And the gag is

Stvar je u tome da,

that, of course, these aren't just running through the market.

naravno, oni nisu ograničeni samo na tržište.

You can find these kinds of things wherever you look,

Možete ih naći gde god pogledate,

once you learn how to look for them.

kada naučite da ih tražite.

You can find it here: this book about flies

Možete ih naći ovde: u ovoj knjizi o muvama,

that you may have been looking at on Amazon.

koju ste tražili na Amazonu.

You may have noticed it

Možda ste primetili

when its price started at 1.7 million dollars.

kada je njena cena bila 1,7 miliona dolara.

It's out of print -- still ...

Knjiga nije više u štampi, ali...

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

If you had bought it at 1.7, it would have been a bargain.

Da ste je kupili po ceni od 1,7 miliona, to bi bilo skoro besplatno.

A few hours later, it had gone up

Nekoliko sati kasnije, cena je porasla

to 23.6 million dollars,

na 23,6 miliona dolara,

plus shipping and handling.

plus troškovi slanja i obrade pošiljke.

And the question is:

Pitanje je sledeće:

Nobody was buying or selling anything; what was happening?

Niko nije ništa kupovao niti prodavao; šta se dešavalo?

And you see this behavior on Amazon

Možete uočiti takve pojave na Amazonu

as surely as you see it on Wall Street.

kao što ih možete uočiti na Volstritu.

And when you see this kind of behavior,

Kada vidite ovakvo ponašanje,

what you see is the evidence

to što vidite je dokaz

of algorithms in conflict,

algoritamskog konflikta,

algorithms locked in loops with each other,

algoritama koji su zapetljani jedan u drugi

without any human oversight,

bez ljudskog nadzora,

without any adult supervision

bez nadzora odrasle osobe,

to say, "Actually, 1.7 million is plenty."

nekoga ko bi rekao, "1,7 miliona je mnogo."

(Laughter)

(smeh)

And as with Amazon, so it is with Netflix.

Sa Netfliksom je isto kao sa Amazonom.

And so Netflix has gone through

Netfliks je prošao

several different algorithms over the years.

kroz mnoge različite algoritme tokom godina.

They started with Cinematch, and they've tried a bunch of others --

Počeli su sa Cinematch algoritmom i probali još mnoge druge.

there's Dinosaur Planet; there's Gravity.

"Planetu dinosaurusa" i "Gravitaciju".

They're using Pragmatic Chaos now.

Trenutno koriste "Pragmatični haos".

Pragmatic Chaos is, like all of Netflix algorithms,

"Pragmatični haos" je sličan "Netfliks" algoritmu,

trying to do the same thing.

pokušava da uradi istu stvar.

It's trying to get a grasp on you,

Pokušava da vas razume,

on the firmware inside the human skull,

kao operativni sistem u vašoj lobanji,

so that it can recommend what movie

kako bi vam predložio koji biste

you might want to watch next --

sledeći film mogli da pogledate

which is a very, very difficult problem.

što je veoma, veoma težak problem.

But the difficulty of the problem

Poteškoća kod ovog problema

and the fact that we don't really quite have it down,

i činjenice da ga ne razumemo najbolje,

it doesn't take away

ne umanjuje značaj

from the effects Pragmatic Chaos has.

efekta "Pragmatičnog haosa".

Pragmatic Chaos, like all Netflix algorithms,

"Pragmatični haos", kao i svi "Netfliks" algoritmi,

determines, in the end,

određuje, na kraju,

60 percent

60 procenata

of what movies end up being rented.

svih filmova koji se iznajmljuju.

So one piece of code

Tako da je jedan program

with one idea about you

sa jednom idejom o Vama

is responsible for 60 percent of those movies.

odgovoran za 60 procenata filmova koje pogledate.

But what if you could rate those movies

Ali šta ako biste mogli oceniti te filmove

before they get made?

pre nego li budu snimljeni?

Wouldn't that be handy?

Da li bi to bilo korisno?

Well, a few data scientists from the U.K. are in Hollywood,

Nekoliko informacionih naučnika iz Velike Britanije je u Holivudu,

and they have "story algorithms" --

i imalu algoritme za scenarije --

a company called Epagogix.

kompanija koja se zove Epagogix.

And you can run your script through there,

Možete ubaciti svoj scenario kroz njihov program

and they can tell you, quantifiably,

i on vam može reći, kvantitativno,

that that's a 30 million dollar movie

da je to film koji će zaraditi 30 miliona dolara

or a 200 million dollar movie.

ili 200 miliona dolara.

And the thing is, is that this isn't Google.

Stvar je u tome da to nije Google.

This isn't information.

To nije informacija.

These aren't financial stats; this is culture.

To nisu finansijske statistike; to je kultura.

And what you see here,

I ovo što vidite,

or what you don't really see normally,

tj što normalno ne vidite,

is that these are the physics of culture.

je fizika kulture.

And if these algorithms,

I ako bi ovi algoritmi,

like the algorithms on Wall Street,

kao oni na Volstritu,

just crashed one day and went awry,

pali i nestali,

how would we know?

kako ćemo znati,

What would it look like?

kako će to izgledati?

And they're in your house. They're in your house.

A oni su i u vašoj kući. Oni su u vašoj kući.

These are two algorithms competing for your living room.

Ovo su dva konkurentna algoritma za vašu dnevnu sobu.

These are two different cleaning robots

Ovo su dva različita robota za čišćenje

that have very different ideas about what clean means.

koji imaju različite ideje šta znači čišćenje.

And you can see it

To možete da vidite

if you slow it down and attach lights to them,

ako ih usporite i zakačite svetlo na njih.

and they're sort of like secret architects in your bedroom.

Oni su kao tajne arhitekte u vašoj spavaćoj sobi.

And the idea that architecture itself

Ideja da je i sama arhitektura

is somehow subject to algorithmic optimization

na neki način subjekt algoritamske optimizacije

is not far-fetched.

nij nerealna.

It's super-real and it's happening around you.

Veoma je stvarna i dešava se oko vas.

You feel it most

Najviše je osetite

when you're in a sealed metal box,

kada se nalazite u zatvorenoj metalnoj kutiji,

a new-style elevator;

liftu nove generacije,

they're called destination-control elevators.

koji se zovu lokaciono kontrolisani liftovi.

These are the ones where you have to press what floor you're going to go to

To su oni kod kojih treba da odaberete na koji sprat idete

before you get in the elevator.

pre nego uđete u lift.

And it uses what's called a bin-packing algorithm.

On koristi tzv algoritam pakovanja kutije.

So none of this mishegas

Znači ništa od ove ludosti

of letting everybody go into whatever car they want.

da puštamo ljude da ulaze u lift koji žele.

Everybody who wants to go to the 10th floor goes into car two,

Svako ko želi da ode na deseti sprat ulazi u lift broj dva,

and everybody who wants to go to the third floor goes into car five.

a svako ko hoće na treći sprat ulazi u lift broj pet.

And the problem with that

Problem sa ovim je

is that people freak out.

što se ljudi pogube.

People panic.

Ljudi počnu da paniče.

And you see why. You see why.

Vidite zašto. Vidite zašto.

It's because the elevator

Zato što liftu

is missing some important instrumentation, like the buttons.

nedostaju neki važni instrumenti, poput dugmića.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

Like the things that people use.

I druge stvari koje ljudi vole da koriste.

All it has

Sve što lift ima

is just the number that moves up or down

je broj koji ide gore-dole

and that red button that says, "Stop."

i crveno dugme koje kaže "Stop."

And this is what we're designing for.

To je ono što dizajniramo.

We're designing

Dizajniramo

for this machine dialect.

za taj mašnski dijalekat.

And how far can you take that? How far can you take it?

Koliko daleko može to da ode? Dokle možemo to da odvedemo?

You can take it really, really far.

Možemo ga odvesti jako, jako daleko.

So let me take it back to Wall Street.

Zato ću se vratiti nazad na Volstrit.

Because the algorithms of Wall Street

Jer algoritmi na Volstritu

are dependent on one quality above all else,

zavise od jedne stvari pre svega,

which is speed.

a to je brzina.

And they operate on milliseconds and microseconds.

Oni operišu brzinama u milisekundama i mikrosekundama.

And just to give you a sense of what microseconds are,

Da biste shvatili šta je mikrosekunda --

it takes you 500,000 microseconds

potrebno vam je 500 000 mikrosekundi

just to click a mouse.

da biste kliknuli mišem.

But if you're a Wall Street algorithm

Ali ako ste algoritam na Volstritu

and you're five microseconds behind,

i kasnite pet mikrosekundi,

you're a loser.

vi ste gubitnik.

So if you were an algorithm,

Tako da ako ste algoritam,

you'd look for an architect like the one that I met in Frankfurt

tražićete arhitektu poput onoga kojega sam upoznao u Frankfurtu

who was hollowing out a skyscraper --

koji je ispraznio ceo neboder --

throwing out all the furniture, all the infrastructure for human use,

izbacio sav nameštaj i infrastukturu namenjenu ljudskoj upotrebi,

and just running steel on the floors

i postavio čelik na podove

to get ready for the stacks of servers to go in --

kako bi se gomile servera mogle useliti unutra --

all so an algorithm

sve kako bi algoritam

could get close to the Internet.

bio blizu Internetu.

And you think of the Internet as this kind of distributed system.

Vi smatrate da je Internet distribuiran sistem.

And of course, it is, but it's distributed from places.

On to i jeste, ali se distribuira sa različitih mesta.

In New York, this is where it's distributed from:

U Njujorku se distribuira iz

the Carrier Hotel

hotela "Carrier"

located on Hudson Street.

koji se nalazi u ulici Hadson.

And this is really where the wires come right up into the city.

To je mesto odakle se kablovi šire po celom gradu.

And the reality is that the further away you are from that,

Istina je, da što ste dalje od tog mesta,

you're a few microseconds behind every time.

kasnićete par mikrosekundi.

These guys down on Wall Street,

Momci sa Volstrita,

Marco Polo and Cherokee Nation,

"Marko Polo" i "Čeroki Nejšn",

they're eight microseconds

su osam mikrosekundi u zaostatku

behind all these guys

za ovim algoritmima

going into the empty buildings being hollowed out

koji ulaze u prazne zgrade

up around the Carrier Hotel.

oko hotela "Carrier".

And that's going to keep happening.

I to će nastaviti da se dešava.

We're going to keep hollowing them out,

Nastavićemo da ih ispražnjavamo,

because you, inch for inch

jer vi, centimetar po centimetar,

and pound for pound and dollar for dollar,

funtu po funtu, dolar po dolar,

none of you could squeeze revenue out of that space

niko od vas ne bi mogao izvući prihod iz tog prostora

like the Boston Shuffler could.

kao što može "Bostonski mešač".

But if you zoom out,

Ali ako se udaljite od slike,

if you zoom out,

i pogledate krupni plan,

you would see an 825-mile trench

videćete kanal dug 1328 km

between New York City and Chicago

između Njujorka i Čikaga,

that's been built over the last few years

koji je u toku zadnjih nekoliko godina

by a company called Spread Networks.

izgradila "Spread Networks" kompanija.

This is a fiber optic cable

Ovo je optički kabel

that was laid between those two cities

koji leži između dva grada

to just be able to traffic one signal

i može da provodi samo jedan signal

37 times faster than you can click a mouse --

37 puta brže no što vi možete da kliknete mišem,

just for these algorithms,

izgrađen je samo za algoritme,

just for the Carnival and the Knife.

samo za "Karneval" i "Nož".

And when you think about this,

Kada razmislite o tome,

that we're running through the United States

da trčimo kroz SAD

with dynamite and rock saws

sa dinamitom i razbijačima za kamen

so that an algorithm can close the deal

kako bi algoritmi zaključili transakciju

three microseconds faster,

tri mikrosekunde brže,

all for a communications framework

sve to radi komunikacionog okvira

that no human will ever know,

koji nijedan čovek neće spoznati,

that's a kind of manifest destiny;

to je neka vrsta očigledne sudbine

and we'll always look for a new frontier.

koja će uvek pomerati nove granice.

Unfortunately, we have our work cut out for us.

Nažalost, predstoji nam vrlo ambiciozan posao.

This is just theoretical.

Ovo je samo teorijski.

This is some mathematicians at MIT.

To je samo matematika sa MIT-a.

And the truth is I don't really understand

Istina je da ni ja, stvarno, ne razumem

a lot of what they're talking about.

mnogo toga o čemu pričaju.

It involves light cones and quantum entanglement,

Radi se o svetlosnoj kupoli i kvantnoj upletenosti,

and I don't really understand any of that.

a ja to stvarno ne razumem.

But I can read this map,

Ali mogu da pročitam ovu mapu.

and what this map says

A ono što nam ova mapa kaže

is that, if you're trying to make money on the markets where the red dots are,

je da ako pokušavate da zaradite novac na tržištu gde se nalaze crvene tačke,

that's where people are, where the cities are,

tamo gde su ljudi, gde su gradovi,

you're going to have to put the servers where the blue dots are

moraćete servere staviti tamo gde su plave tačke

to do that most effectively.

da bi ste radili efikasno.

And the thing that you might have noticed about those blue dots

Možda ste primetili da se mnoge plave tačke

is that a lot of them are in the middle of the ocean.

nalaze na sredini okeana.

So that's what we'll do: we'll build bubbles or something,

Ono što treba da uradimo je

or platforms.

da izgradimo balone ili platforme.

We'll actually part the water

Da bukvalno razdvojimo more

to pull money out of the air,

i izvlačimo novac iz vazduha,

because it's a bright future

jer je svetla budućnost pred vama

if you're an algorithm.

ako ste algoritam.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And it's not the money that's so interesting actually.

I nije novac taj koji je zapravo toliko interesantan.

It's what the money motivates,

Već šta novac motiviše.

that we're actually terraforming

Mi zapravo transformišemo

the Earth itself

samu Zemljinu površinu

with this kind of algorithmic efficiency.

sa ovakvom vrstom algoritamske uspešnosti.

And in that light,

I u tom svetlu

you go back

vi se vraćate

and you look at Michael Najjar's photographs,

i gledate fotografije Mihaela Najara

and you realize that they're not metaphor, they're prophecy.

i uviđate da one nisu metafore, one su proročanstva.

They're prophecy

One su proročanstvo

for the kind of seismic, terrestrial effects

seizmičkih, zemaljskih efekata

of the math that we're making.

koje pravi naša matematika.

And the landscape was always made

Krajolik je uvek bio rezultat

by this sort of weird, uneasy collaboration

čudne, teške saradnje

between nature and man.

između prirode i čoveka.

But now there's this third co-evolutionary force: algorithms --

Ali sada je tu ta treća koevoluciona sila - algoritam,

the Boston Shuffler, the Carnival.

"Bostonski mešač", "Karneval".

And we will have to understand those as nature,

I moraćemo ih razumeti kao prirodu.

and in a way, they are.

Jer na neki način oni to i jesu.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)