How algorithms shape our world | Kevin Slavin

Prevoditelj: Matija Stepic Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

This is a photograph

Ovo je fotografija

by the artist Michael Najjar,

od umjetnika Michaela Najjara,

and it's real,

i ona je stvarna,

in the sense that he went there to Argentina

u smislu da je otišao u Argentinu

to take the photo.

kako bi uslikao ovu fotografiju.

But it's also a fiction. There's a lot of work that went into it after that.

No ona je i fikcija. Mnogo posla je još uloženo nakon toga.

And what he's done

A ono što je učinio

is he's actually reshaped, digitally,

je da je zapravo preoblikovao, digitalno,

all of the contours of the mountains

sve konture planina

to follow the vicissitudes of the Dow Jones index.

kako bi pratio promjene Dow Jones indeksa.

So what you see,

Stoga ono što vidite,

that precipice, that high precipice with the valley,

da litica, da je visoka litica u dolini,

is the 2008 financial crisis.

financijska kriza 2008.

The photo was made

Fotografija je uslikana

when we were deep in the valley over there.

kada smo bili duboko u dolini ondje.

I don't know where we are now.

Neznam gdje smo sada.

This is the Hang Seng index

Ovo je Hang Seng index

for Hong Kong.

za Hong Kong.

And similar topography.

I slična topografija.

I wonder why.

Pitam se zašto.

And this is art. This is metaphor.

Ovo je umjetnost. Ovo je metafora.

But I think the point is

No mislim da je poanta u

that this is metaphor with teeth,

tome da su ovo metafore sa zubima.

and it's with those teeth that I want to propose today

I s ovim zubima želim danas predložiti

that we rethink a little bit

da promislimo malo

about the role of contemporary math --

o ulozi suvremene matematike --

not just financial math, but math in general.

ne samo financijske matematike, već matematike općenito.

That its transition

Da je ona tranzicija

from being something that we extract and derive from the world

od nečega što smo istisnuli i izvukli iz svijeta

to something that actually starts to shape it --

do nečega što zapravo počinje oblikovati

the world around us and the world inside us.

svijet oko nas i svijet unutar nas.

And it's specifically algorithms,

To se posebno odnosi na algoritme,

which are basically the math

koji su zapravo matematika

that computers use to decide stuff.

koju računala koriste kako bi odlučili o nečemu.

They acquire the sensibility of truth

Oni stječu senzibilitet istine,

because they repeat over and over again,

jer se iznova ponavljaju.

and they ossify and calcify,

Oni se okoštavaju i kalcificiraju,

and they become real.

te postaju stvarni.

And I was thinking about this, of all places,

O ovome sam razmišljao, od svih mjesta,

on a transatlantic flight a couple of years ago,

na prekoatlantskom letu prije nekoliko godina,

because I happened to be seated

zato jer sam slučajno dobio mjesto

next to a Hungarian physicist about my age

kraj mađarskog fizičara mojih godina

and we were talking

i pričali smo o

about what life was like during the Cold War

tome kakav je bio život tokom hladnog rata

for physicists in Hungary.

za fizičare u Mađarskoj.

And I said, "So what were you doing?"

Pitao sam, "I što ste radili?"

And he said, "Well we were mostly breaking stealth."

On odgovara, "Više manje smo razbijali nevidljivost."

And I said, "That's a good job. That's interesting.

Odgovaram, "To je dobar posao. To je zanimljivo.

How does that work?"

Kako to funkcionira?"

And to understand that,

Da biste to razumjeli,

you have to understand a little bit about how stealth works.

morate malo razumjeti kako nevidljivost funkcionira.

And so -- this is an over-simplification --

I tako -- ovo je pojednostavljenje --

but basically, it's not like

no u osnovi, nije samo da

you can just pass a radar signal

može proći radarski signal

right through 156 tons of steel in the sky.

kroz 156 tona čelika u zraku.

It's not just going to disappear.

Neće samo odjedanput nestati.

But if you can take this big, massive thing,

No ukoliko možete uzeti ovu veliku, masivnu stvar,

and you could turn it into

i možete ju pretvoriti u

a million little things --

milijun malih stvari --

something like a flock of birds --

nešto kao jato ptica --

well then the radar that's looking for that

onda zapravo radar koji to traži

has to be able to see

mora biti u mogućnosti da vidi

every flock of birds in the sky.

sva jata ptica u zraku.

And if you're a radar, that's a really bad job.

A ukoliko ste radar, to je stvarno težak posao.

And he said, "Yeah." He said, "But that's if you're a radar.

On odgovara, "Da." Kaže on, "No to ako si radar."

So we didn't use a radar;

Stoga nismo koristili radar;

we built a black box that was looking for electrical signals,

izradili smo crnu kutiju koja traži električne signale,

electronic communication.

elektroničku komunikaciju.

And whenever we saw a flock of birds that had electronic communication,

I svaki put kada smo vidjeli jato ptica koje ima elektroničku komunikaciju,

we thought, 'Probably has something to do with the Americans.'"

mislili smo kako vjerovatno ima nekakve veze s amerikancima."

And I said, "Yeah.

"Da" kažem ja.

That's good.

To je dobro.

So you've effectively negated

Znači vi ste efikasno negirali

60 years of aeronautic research.

60 godina aeronautičkog istraživanja.

What's your act two?

Koji vam je drugi čin?

What do you do when you grow up?"

Što radite nakon što odrastete?"

And he said,

Odgovara on,

"Well, financial services."

"Pa, financijske usluge."

And I said, "Oh."

"Oh," kažem ja.

Because those had been in the news lately.

Zato jer toga vidimo po vijestima u zadnje vrijeme.

And I said, "How does that work?"

Kažem ja, "I kako to funkcionira?"

And he said, "Well there's 2,000 physicists on Wall Street now,

Odgovara on, "Trenutno je 2.000 fizičara na Wall Street-u,

and I'm one of them."

a ja sam jedan od njih."

And I said, "What's the black box for Wall Street?"

Kažem ja, "I što je crna kutija za Wall Street?"

And he said, "It's funny you ask that,

Odgovara on, "Smiješno što me tako pitaš,

because it's actually called black box trading.

jer se zapravo zove trgovanje crnom kutijom.

And it's also sometimes called algo trading,

Nekada se još naziva algo trgovanje,

algorithmic trading."

algoritamsko trgovanje."

And algorithmic trading evolved in part

I algoritamsko trgovanje je djelomično evoluiralo

because institutional traders have the same problems

iz razloga što su institucionalni 'trejderi' imali iste probleme

that the United States Air Force had,

koje je imalo Američko zrakoplovstvo,

which is that they're moving these positions --

gdje oni zapravo premještaju ove pozicije --

whether it's Proctor & Gamble or Accenture, whatever --

nebitno radi li se o Proctor & Gamble-u ili Accenturu --

they're moving a million shares of something

oni premještaju milijun udjela nečega

through the market.

kroz tržište.

And if they do that all at once,

Te ukoliko sve to naprave odjednom,

it's like playing poker and going all in right away.

to je kao da igrate poker i odmah sve ulažete.

You just tip your hand.

Zapravo ste pokazali svoje karte.

And so they have to find a way --

Stoga moraju pronaći način --

and they use algorithms to do this --

i koriste algoritme kako bi to učinili --

to break up that big thing

da razbijete tu veliku stvar

into a million little transactions.

na milijun malih transakcija.

And the magic and the horror of that

Magija i horor iza toga

is that the same math

je da ista ta matematika

that you use to break up the big thing

koju koristite da razbijete tu veliku stvar

into a million little things

na milijun malih stvari

can be used to find a million little things

može se koristiti za pronalaženje milijuna malih stvari

and sew them back together

koje spajate natrag zajedno

and figure out what's actually happening in the market.

i odgonetnete što se zapravo događa na tržištu.

So if you need to have some image

Stoga ako trebate imati neku sliku

of what's happening in the stock market right now,

o tome što se trenutno događa na tržištu vrijednosnica,

what you can picture is a bunch of algorithms

ono što možete zamisliti je hrpa algoritama

that are basically programmed to hide,

koji su u biti programirani da se sakriju,

and a bunch of algorithms that are programmed to go find them and act.

i hrpa algoritama koja je programirana da ih pronađe i djeluje.

And all of that's great, and it's fine.

I to je sve super, u redu je.

And that's 70 percent

I to se odnosi na 70 posto

of the United States stock market,

tržišta vrijednosnica u Sjedinjenim Državama.

70 percent of the operating system

70 posto od operativnog sustava

formerly known as your pension,

poznatog kao vaša mirovina,

your mortgage.

vaša hipoteka.

And what could go wrong?

Što može poći po zlu?

What could go wrong

Ono što može poći po zlu

is that a year ago,

je da prije godinu dana,

nine percent of the entire market just disappears in five minutes,

devet posto cijelog tržišta samo je nestalo u pet minuta,

and they called it the Flash Crash of 2:45.

i nazivaju ga 'flash crash' od 2:45

All of a sudden, nine percent just goes away,

Odjednom, devet posto samo nestane,

and nobody to this day

i nitko do danas

can even agree on what happened

se ne može složiti što se zapravo dogodilo,

because nobody ordered it, nobody asked for it.

jer nitko nije to naručio, nitko nije zatražio.

Nobody had any control over what was actually happening.

Nitko nije imaju bilo kakvu kontrolu nad onime što se zapravo događalo.

All they had

Sve što su imali

was just a monitor in front of them

je monitor ispred njih

that had the numbers on it

koji je prikazivao brojeve

and just a red button

i crveno dugme

that said, "Stop."

na kojemu piše, "Stop."

And that's the thing,

O tome se radi,

is that we're writing things,

da pišemo stvari,

we're writing these things that we can no longer read.

pišemo te stvari koje više ne možemo pročitati.

And we've rendered something

Napravili smo nešto

illegible,

nečitko.

and we've lost the sense

I izgubili smo osjećaj

of what's actually happening

što se zapravo događa

in this world that we've made.

u ovome svijetu koji smo stvorili.

And we're starting to make our way.

Počinjemo stvarati svoj put.

There's a company in Boston called Nanex,

Postoji kompanija u Bostonu pod imenom Nanex,

and they use math and magic

koja koristi matematiku i magiju

and I don't know what,

i tko zna što drugo,

and they reach into all the market data

posežu za svim podacima s tržišta

and they find, actually sometimes, some of these algorithms.

i pronađu, nekada, neke od ovih algoritama.

And when they find them they pull them out

I kada ih nađu izvuku ih van

and they pin them to the wall like butterflies.

i zakvače ih za zid kao leptire.

And they do what we've always done

I učine, ono što uvijek činimo

when confronted with huge amounts of data that we don't understand --

kad se suočavamo s velikom količinom podataka koju ne razumijemo --

which is that they give them a name

a to je da im daju ime

and a story.

i priču.

So this is one that they found,

Ovo je jedan kojeg su našli,

they called the Knife,

zovu ga Nož,

the Carnival,

Karneval,

the Boston Shuffler,

Bostonski prevrtljivac,

Twilight.

Sumrak.

And the gag is

I problem je taj,

that, of course, these aren't just running through the market.

naravno, da ovi ne prolaze samo kroz tržište.

You can find these kinds of things wherever you look,

Možete naći ovakve stvari gdjegod pogledate,

once you learn how to look for them.

jednom kad naučite kako ih pronaći.

You can find it here: this book about flies

Možete ih naći ovdje: na ovoj knjizi o muhama

that you may have been looking at on Amazon.

koju ste možda tražili na Amazonu.

You may have noticed it

Možda ste primjetili

when its price started at 1.7 million dollars.

kada joj je početna cijena bila 1,7 milijuna dolara.

It's out of print -- still ...

Još uvijek je izvan tiska --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

If you had bought it at 1.7, it would have been a bargain.

Da ste ju kupili za 1,7, to bi bilo jeftino.

A few hours later, it had gone up

Nekoliko sati poslije, porasla je

to 23.6 million dollars,

na 23,6 milijuna dolara,

plus shipping and handling.

plus troškovi transporta i rukovanja.

And the question is:

I pitanje je:

Nobody was buying or selling anything; what was happening?

Nitko nije kupovao ni prodavao ništa; što se događalo?

And you see this behavior on Amazon

Vidite ovo ponašanje na Amazonu

as surely as you see it on Wall Street.

jednako kao što vidite na Wall Streetu.

And when you see this kind of behavior,

I kada vidite ovakvo ponašanje,

what you see is the evidence

vidite dokaz

of algorithms in conflict,

algoritama u konfliktu,

algorithms locked in loops with each other,

algoritama zatvorenih u petlje jedne s drugima,

without any human oversight,

bez ljudskog nadzora,

without any adult supervision

bez nadzora odrasle osobe

to say, "Actually, 1.7 million is plenty."

koja kaže, "Zapravo, 1,7 milijuna je puno."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And as with Amazon, so it is with Netflix.

Kao i s Amazonom, tako je i s Netflixom.

And so Netflix has gone through

Netflix je prošao kroz

several different algorithms over the years.

nekoliko različitih algoritama tokom godina.

They started with Cinematch, and they've tried a bunch of others --

Počeli su s 'Cinematch', a postoje i mnogi drugi.

there's Dinosaur Planet; there's Gravity.

Imate Dinaosaurov planet, tu je Gravitacija.

They're using Pragmatic Chaos now.

Trenutno koriste Pragmatični Kaos.

Pragmatic Chaos is, like all of Netflix algorithms,

Pragmatični Kaos, kao i svi Netflixovi algoritmi,

trying to do the same thing.

pokušava činiti istu stvar.

It's trying to get a grasp on you,

Pokušava vas dokučiti,

on the firmware inside the human skull,

sistem unutar ljudske lubanje,

so that it can recommend what movie

tako da bi mogao preporučiti koji film

you might want to watch next --

možda želite gledati --

which is a very, very difficult problem.

što je vrlo, vrlo težak problem.

But the difficulty of the problem

No težina problema

and the fact that we don't really quite have it down,

i činjenica da zapravo još nismo na čisto,

it doesn't take away

ne osporava

from the effects Pragmatic Chaos has.

efekte koje ima Pragmatični Kaos.

Pragmatic Chaos, like all Netflix algorithms,

Pragmatični Kaos, kao svi Netflixovi algoritmi,

determines, in the end,

određuje, u konačnici,

60 percent

60 posto

of what movies end up being rented.

filmova koji se iznajme.

So one piece of code

Stoga jedan komad koda

with one idea about you

s jednom idejom o vama

is responsible for 60 percent of those movies.

je odgovoran za 60 posto tih filmova.

But what if you could rate those movies

No što ukoliko biste mogli ocjeniti te filmove

before they get made?

prije nego što se naprave?

Wouldn't that be handy?

Ne bi li to bilo zgodno?

Well, a few data scientists from the U.K. are in Hollywood,

Pa, nekolicina podatkovnih znanstvenika iz U.K. su u Hollywoodu,

and they have "story algorithms" --

i imaju algoritme priče --

a company called Epagogix.

kompanija pod imenom Epagogix.

And you can run your script through there,

I možete provući svoj scenario ovdje,

and they can tell you, quantifiably,

i mogu vam reći, kvantificirano,

that that's a 30 million dollar movie

da je to film od 30 milijuna dolara

or a 200 million dollar movie.

ili film od 200 milijuna dolara.

And the thing is, is that this isn't Google.

A radi se o tome da ovo nije Google.

This isn't information.

Ovo nije informacija.

These aren't financial stats; this is culture.

Ovo nisu financijski pokazatelji; ovo je kultura.

And what you see here,

Ono što ovdje vidite,

or what you don't really see normally,

ili što normalno ne vidite,

is that these are the physics of culture.

je da je ovo fizika kulture.

And if these algorithms,

I ukoliko se ovi algoritmi,

like the algorithms on Wall Street,

kao algoritmi na Wall Street-u,

just crashed one day and went awry,

jednoga dana sruše i odu naopako,

how would we know?

kako bismo znali,

What would it look like?

kako bi to izgledalo?

And they're in your house. They're in your house.

I oni su u vašim kućama. Oni su u vašim kućama.

These are two algorithms competing for your living room.

Ovo su dva algoritma koji se natječu za vaš dnevni boravak.

These are two different cleaning robots

Ovo su dva različita robota spremača

that have very different ideas about what clean means.

koji imaju vrlo različite ideje o tome što znači čisto.

And you can see it

I možete to vidjeti

if you slow it down and attach lights to them,

ukoliko ih usporite i zakvačite svijetlo na njih.

and they're sort of like secret architects in your bedroom.

I oni su kao tajni arhitekti u vašoj spavačoj sobi.

And the idea that architecture itself

Te ideja da je arhitektura sama po sebi

is somehow subject to algorithmic optimization

na neki način subjekt algoritamske optimizacije

is not far-fetched.

nije daleka.

It's super-real and it's happening around you.

To je super stvarno i događa se oko vas.

You feel it most

Najviše možete osjetiti

when you're in a sealed metal box,

kada ste u zatvorenoj metalnoj kutiji,

a new-style elevator;

dizala novog stila,

they're called destination-control elevators.

nazivaju se dizala kontrole destinacije.

These are the ones where you have to press what floor you're going to go to

To su ona na kojima morate prisitsnuti na koji kat želite ići

before you get in the elevator.

prije nego uđete u dizalo.

And it uses what's called a bin-packing algorithm.

I koristi tzv. algoritam pakiranja kutije.

So none of this mishegas

Stoga ništa od ovih besmislica

of letting everybody go into whatever car they want.

dopuštanja svima ulazak u vozilo koje žele.

Everybody who wants to go to the 10th floor goes into car two,

Svatko to želi ići na 10 kat ulazi u vozilo dva,

and everybody who wants to go to the third floor goes into car five.

a svatko tko želi ići na treći kat ulazi u vozilo pet.

And the problem with that

A problem s time je

is that people freak out.

da ljudi polude.

People panic.

Ljudi paniče.

And you see why. You see why.

I možete vidjeti zašto. Vidite zašto.

It's because the elevator

To je zato jer dizalu

is missing some important instrumentation, like the buttons.

nedostaju neki važni instrumenti, kao dugmad.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Like the things that people use.

Nešto što ljudi koriste.

All it has

Jedino što ima

is just the number that moves up or down

je broj koji se kreće gore ili dolje

and that red button that says, "Stop."

i crveno dugme koje kaže, "Stop."

And this is what we're designing for.

I zbog toga dizajniramo.

We're designing

Mi dizajniramo

for this machine dialect.

za ovaj dijalekt strojeva.

And how far can you take that? How far can you take it?

I koliko daleko možete ići s time? Koliko daleko možete otići?

You can take it really, really far.

Možete otići jako, jako daleko.

So let me take it back to Wall Street.

Vratimo se nazad na Wall Street.

Because the algorithms of Wall Street

Jer algoritmi s Wall Streeta

are dependent on one quality above all else,

ovisni su o jednoj kvaliteti iznad svega,

which is speed.

a to je brzina.

And they operate on milliseconds and microseconds.

I oni rade na milisekundama i mikrosekundama.

And just to give you a sense of what microseconds are,

Da dobijete osjećaj što su mikrosekunde,

it takes you 500,000 microseconds

potrebno je 500.000 mikrosekundi

just to click a mouse.

kako bi kliknuli miša.

But if you're a Wall Street algorithm

No ako ste algoritam s Wall Street-a

and you're five microseconds behind,

i zaostajete pet mikrosekundi,

you're a loser.

vi ste gubitnik.

So if you were an algorithm,

Stoga da ste algoritam,

you'd look for an architect like the one that I met in Frankfurt

potražili bi arhitekta kao onoga što sam sreo u Frankfurtu

who was hollowing out a skyscraper --

koji je ispražnjavao neboder --

throwing out all the furniture, all the infrastructure for human use,

izbacujući sav namještaj, svu infrastrukturu potrebnu čovjeku,

and just running steel on the floors

i samo ostavljajući čelik na podovima

to get ready for the stacks of servers to go in --

spremajući ga za postavljanje servera --

all so an algorithm

sve kako bi algoritam

could get close to the Internet.

bio bliže Internetu.

And you think of the Internet as this kind of distributed system.

A vi zamišljate Internet kao sistem distribucije.

And of course, it is, but it's distributed from places.

Naravno, on to je, ali se distribuira s određenog mjesta.

In New York, this is where it's distributed from:

U New Yorku, odavde se distribuira:

the Carrier Hotel

Carrier Hotel

located on Hudson Street.

smješten u Hudson ulici.

And this is really where the wires come right up into the city.

I ovdje je zapravo mjesto gdje žice izlaze van u grad.

And the reality is that the further away you are from that,

I stvarnost je ta da što ste dalje od toga,

you're a few microseconds behind every time.

vi ste nekoliko mikrosekundi iza svaki put.

These guys down on Wall Street,

Ovi momci dolje s Wall Streeta,

Marco Polo and Cherokee Nation,

Marko Polo i Cherokee Nacija,

they're eight microseconds

oni su osam mikrosekundi

behind all these guys

iza svih ovih drugih

going into the empty buildings being hollowed out

koji se nalaze u ovim praznim ispraznjenim zgradama

up around the Carrier Hotel.

oko Carrier Hotela.

And that's going to keep happening.

I to će se nastaviti događati.

We're going to keep hollowing them out,

Nastavit ćemo ih ispražnjavati

because you, inch for inch

zato jer, inč po inč

and pound for pound and dollar for dollar,

i funtu za funtu i dolar za dolar,

none of you could squeeze revenue out of that space

nitko od vas ne može iscjediti prihod iz prostora

like the Boston Shuffler could.

kao što to može Bostonski Prevrtljivac.

But if you zoom out,

No ako odzumirate

if you zoom out,

ako odzumirate,

you would see an 825-mile trench

vidjeli bi rov od 825 milja

between New York City and Chicago

između New Yorka i Chicaga

that's been built over the last few years

koji se gradi zadnjih nekoliko godina

by a company called Spread Networks.

od kompanije Spread Networks.

This is a fiber optic cable

Ovo je svjetlosni optički kabel

that was laid between those two cities

koji je položen između ova dva grada

to just be able to traffic one signal

kako bi bili u mogućnosti poslati samo jedan signal

37 times faster than you can click a mouse --

37 puta brže nego što možete kliknuti mišem --

just for these algorithms,

samo za ove algoritme,

just for the Carnival and the Knife.

samo za Karneval i Nož.

And when you think about this,

I kada razmislite o ovome,

that we're running through the United States

da prolazimo kroz Sjedinjene Države

with dynamite and rock saws

s dinamitom i pilama za kamen

so that an algorithm can close the deal

kako bi algoritam mogao zatvoriti poziciju

three microseconds faster,

tri mikrosekunde brže,

all for a communications framework

sve za komunikacijski sistem

that no human will ever know,

za koji čovjek nikad neće znati,

that's a kind of manifest destiny;

to je kao manifest sudbine

and we'll always look for a new frontier.

i uvijek će tražiti nove granice.

Unfortunately, we have our work cut out for us.

Nažalost, mi smo izostavljeni iz ovog posla.

This is just theoretical.

Ovo je samo teoretski.

This is some mathematicians at MIT.

Ovo su neki matematičari sa MIT-a.

And the truth is I don't really understand

Istina je da nažalost ne razumijem

a lot of what they're talking about.

mnogo toga o čemu pričaju.

It involves light cones and quantum entanglement,

Uključuje svjetlosni stožac i kvantnu zapreku,

and I don't really understand any of that.

i ne razumijem ništa od toga.

But I can read this map,

Ali mogu čitati ovu kartu.

and what this map says

A ono o čemu ova karta govori je da

is that, if you're trying to make money on the markets where the red dots are,

ukoliko želite zaraditi novac na tržištima gdje se nalaze crvene točke,

that's where people are, where the cities are,

tamo gdje se nalaze ljudi, gradovi,

you're going to have to put the servers where the blue dots are

morat ćete postaviti servere tamo gdje se nalaze plave točke

to do that most effectively.

kako bi bili što efikasniji.

And the thing that you might have noticed about those blue dots

Ono što ste mogli zamjetiti na plavim točkama

is that a lot of them are in the middle of the ocean.

je da se mnogo njih nalaze usred oceana.

So that's what we'll do: we'll build bubbles or something,

I to je što ćemo napraviti, sagradit ćemo balone ili nešto drugo,

or platforms.

ili platforme.

We'll actually part the water

Mi ćemo zapravo razdvajati vodu

to pull money out of the air,

kako bi izvukli novac iz zraka

because it's a bright future

zato jer je to sjajna budućnost

if you're an algorithm.

ukoliko ste algoritam.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And it's not the money that's so interesting actually.

I ne radi se o novcu da je toliko interesantan zapravo.

It's what the money motivates,

Radi se o tome što novac motivira.

that we're actually terraforming

Mi zapravo teraformiramo

the Earth itself

samu Zemlju

with this kind of algorithmic efficiency.

s ovom algoritamskom efikasnošću.

And in that light,

U tome svjetlu,

you go back

vratite se nazad

and you look at Michael Najjar's photographs,

i pogledajte fotografije Michaela Najjara,

and you realize that they're not metaphor, they're prophecy.

i shvatite da one nisu metafora, one su proročanstvo.

They're prophecy

One su proročanstvo

for the kind of seismic, terrestrial effects

za ove seizmičke, zemaljske učinke

of the math that we're making.

matematike koju stvaramo.

And the landscape was always made

I pejzaž je uvijek bio načinjen

by this sort of weird, uneasy collaboration

od ove čudne, nelagodne suradnje

between nature and man.

između prirode i čovjeka.

But now there's this third co-evolutionary force: algorithms --

No sada imamo i treću ko-evolucijsku silu: algoritme --

the Boston Shuffler, the Carnival.

Bostonskog Prevrtljivca, Karneval.

And we will have to understand those as nature,

I morat ćemo ih shvatiti kao prirodu.

and in a way, they are.

Na neki način, oni to i jesu.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)