R.A. Mashelkar: Breakthrough designs for ultra-low-cost products

46,065 views ・ 2010-10-27

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Surie Lee κ²€ν† : Byeonghoon Han
00:15
The big residual
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
00:17
is always value for money.
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항상 κΈˆμ „μ μΈ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
00:19
All the time we are trying to get value for money.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 항상 κΈˆμ „μ  κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ–»κΈ°μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
What we don't look for
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°„κ³Όν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 뢀뢄은
00:24
is value for many,
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μˆ˜μ΅μ„ μ–»μœΌλ©΄μ„œλ„ 이룰 수 μžˆλŠ”
00:26
while we are generating value for money.
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λ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
Do we care about those four billion people
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ν•˜λ£¨μ— 2λ‹¬λŸ¬λ„ λ²Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³ 
00:31
whose income levels are less than two dollars a day,
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μ†Œμœ„ ν”ΌλΌλ―Έλ“œμ˜ μ΅œν•˜λ‹¨μ— μžˆλŠ”
00:33
the so-called bottom of the pyramid?
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4μ–΅μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³΄μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
00:36
What are the challenges in getting value for money
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μˆ˜μ΅μ„ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„
00:39
as well as value for many?
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곡읡을 κΎ€ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 방법은 μ—†μ„κΉŒμš”?
00:41
We have described here
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μ΄μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ
00:43
in terms of the performance
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μ„±λŠ₯κ³Ό
00:45
and the price.
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κ°€κ²©μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
If you have money, of course, you can get the value.
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돈이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ λ¬Όλ‘  κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
You can get a Mercedes
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돈이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
00:52
for a very high price,
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λΉ„μ‹Ό κ°€κ²©μ˜
00:54
very high performance.
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κ³ μ„±λŠ₯ λ²€μΈ  μžλ™μ°¨λ₯Ό μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
00:56
But if you don't have money, what happens?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 돈이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
00:59
Well, you are to ride a bicycle,
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μžμ „κ±°λ₯Ό 타고
01:01
carrying your own weight and also some other weight,
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μžμ‹ κ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒκΉŒμ§€ νƒœμš°κ³  νƒ€λ‹ˆλ©΄μ„œ
01:04
so that you can earn the bread for the day.
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ν•˜λ£¨ λ²Œμ–΄ ν•˜λ£¨ λΌλ‹ˆλ₯Ό λ•ŒμšΈ 수 μžˆκ² μ§€μš”.
01:07
Well, poor do not remain poor;
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ±„λ‘œ 머물러 μžˆμ§€λ§Œμ€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
they become lower-middle-class.
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μ€‘ν•˜λ₯˜μΈ΅μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¬λΌμ„€ 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
01:11
And if they do so,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 되면
01:13
then, of course, the conditions improve,
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λ¬Όλ‘  ν™˜κ²½μ΄ λ‚˜μ•„μ§€κ³ 
01:15
and they start riding on scooters.
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μŠ€μΏ ν„°λ₯Ό 타기 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
But the challenge is, again, they don't get much value,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 그듀은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 높은 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
because they can't afford anything more than the scooter.
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μŠ€μΏ ν„° 이상은 μ§€λΆˆν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ§€μš”.
01:25
The issue is, at that price,
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” κ·Έ 가격에
01:27
can you give them some extra value?
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더 λ‚˜μ€ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 쀄 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:30
A super value,
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더 λ‚˜μ€ κ°€μΉ˜λž€
01:32
in terms of their ability to ride in a car,
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μ°¨λ₯Ό 타고 λ‹€λ‹˜μœΌλ‘œμ¨
01:34
to get that dignity, to get that safety,
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체면도 살릴 수 있고, μ•ˆμ „λ„ 지킬 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
01:37
looks practically impossible, isn't it.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
Now, this is something
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이런 μž₯면은
01:42
that we see on Indian streets
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μΈλ„μ˜ 거리 μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œλ‚˜
01:44
all the time.
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맀일 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
01:46
But many people see the same thing
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 같은 것을 λ³΄μ§€λ§Œ
01:48
and think things differently,
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λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
and one of them is here, Ratan Tata.
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κ·Έ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이 λ°”λ‘œ 라탄 νƒ€νƒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
The great thing about our leaders
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그의 μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 점은
01:58
is that, should they not only have passion in their belly,
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λ°”λ‘œ 마음 속에 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
02:02
which practically all of them have,
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μ—΄μ •λ§Œ 가진 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:04
they're also very innovative.
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ν˜μ‹ μ μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
An innovator is one who does not know it cannot be done.
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그렇지 μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄ ν˜μ‹ κ°€κ°€ 될 수 μ—†μ—ˆκ² μ§€μš”.
02:09
They believe that things can be done.
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그런 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 일이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 것을 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
But great leaders like Ratan
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라탄 같은 μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ§€λ„μžλŠ”
02:13
have compassion.
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인정을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
And what you said, Lakshmi, is absolutely true:
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λ½μ‹œλ―Έ 씨가 λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹  것은 백번 μ˜³μ€ λ§μ”€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
it's not just Ratan Tata,
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라탄 타타 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:19
it's the house of Tatas over time.
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타타 κ°€λ¬Έμ˜ μ „ν†΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
Let me confirm what she said.
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ§ν•œ 것을 λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜μžλ©΄,
02:23
Yes, I went barefoot
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μ €λŠ” 맨발둜
02:26
until I was 12.
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12μ‚΄ λ•Œ κΉŒμ§€
02:28
I struggled to [unclear] day
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맀일맀일을 μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” 것이
02:30
was a huge issue.
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큰 λ¬Έμ œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
And when I finished my SSC, the eleventh standard,
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11학년이 λ˜μ–΄ SSCλ₯Ό μ‘Έμ—…ν•  무렡
02:35
I stood eleventh among 125,000 students.
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12만5천 λͺ…μ˜ 학생 쀑에 11등을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
But I was about to leave the school,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 학ꡐλ₯Ό 그만 λ‘˜ 수 밖에 μ—†μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
02:40
because my poor mother couldn't afford schooling.
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” ν•™λΉ„λ₯Ό λ‚΄ 쀄 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:42
And it was [unclear] Tata Trust, which gave me six rupees per month,
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타타 μž¬λ‹¨μ—μ„œ 제게 맀달 6루피λ₯Ό 후원해 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
almost a dollar per month for six years.
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맀달 1뢈 정도 λ˜λŠ” λˆμ„ 6λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 후원해 μ€€ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
02:48
That's how I'm standing before you.
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κ·Έ 덕뢄에 μ œκ°€ μ§€κΈˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ•žμ— μ„œ μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
So that is the House of Tata.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 타타 κ°€λ¬Έμ˜ νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
02:55
Innovation, compassion and passion.
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ν˜μ‹ , 인정과 열정이
02:57
They combine all that.
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합쳐진 κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
And it was that compassion which bothered them,
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그의 λ§ˆμŒμ— κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” 일이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
because when he saw -- in fact, he told me about eight or nine years ago
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8, 9λ…„ 전에 타타 씨가 μ €μ—κ²Œ ν•΄μ€€ μ–˜κΈ°μΈλ°,
03:05
how he was driving his own car --
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μ°¨λ₯Ό 타고 κ°€λŠ”λ°
03:08
he drives his own car by the way --
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-- 타타 μ”¨λŠ” 직접 μš΄μ „μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ --
03:11
and he saw in the rain,
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λΉ— μ†μ—μ„œ
03:13
a family like the one that I showed to you
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μ•„κΉŒ 보여쀀 사진과 같이 μŠ€μΏ ν„° ν•œ λŒ€μ—
03:15
getting drenched with an infant.
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젖먹이 μ•„κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ νƒœμš°κ³  흠뻑 젖은 가쑱을 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
And then he said, "Well, I must give them a car that they can afford,
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"음, 저듀이 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€κ²©μ˜ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Όκ² μ–΄.
03:20
one lakh car, $2,000 car."
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μ‹­λ§Œ 루피, 2천 뢈 μ •λ„λ‘œ 말이야."
03:23
Of course, as soon as you say something like this
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λ¬Όλ‘  이 말을 듀은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
03:25
people say it is impossible,
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말도 μ•ˆλœλ‹€λŠ” λ°˜μ‘μ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
03:27
and that's what was said by Suzuki.
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μŠ€μ¦ˆλΌμ‚¬μ˜ λ°˜μ‘λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
He said, oh, probably he is going to build a three-wheeler
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”. μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ„Έλ°œ μžλ™μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€λ €λ‚˜ λ³΄κ΅°μš”.
03:32
with stepney.
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μ˜ˆλΉ„λ°”ν€΄κΉŒμ§€ ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:34
And you can see the cartoon here.
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μ—¬κΈ° λ§Œν™” λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ§€μš”.
03:36
Well they didn't build that. They built a proper car. Nano.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νƒ€νƒ€λŠ” 그런 κ±Έ λ§Œλ“€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 된 μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ§€μš”. λ‚˜λ…Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
And mind you, I'm six feet half an inch,
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄ 두싀 것은 μ €λŠ” 6ν”ΌνŠΈ 반인치(184cm)이고
03:42
Ratan is taller than me,
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라탄 νƒ€νƒ€λŠ” 저보닀 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
and we have ample space in the front
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이 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ°¨μ—λŠ” μ•žμžλ¦¬μ— μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 곡간이 있고
03:47
and ample space in the back in this particular car.
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뒀에도 μ—­μ‹œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μžλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
And incredible car.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ μ°¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
And of course, nothing succeeds like success;
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ„±κ³΅λ§Œν•œ 성곡은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
the cynics then turned around,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ €κΈ° λΉ„κΌ¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μƒκ²¨λ‚¬μ§€μš”,
03:58
and one after the other
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ν•˜λ‚˜ λ‘˜μ”© λŠ˜μ–΄κ°€λ©΄μ„œ
04:00
they also started saying, "Yes, we also want to make a car in the Nano Segment.
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μž…μ„ λͺ¨μ•„ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ, "μš°λ¦¬λ„ 이 λ‚˜λ…Έ μ‹œμž₯에 μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆλ‹€κ³ ,
04:03
We'll manufacture a car in the Nano Segment."
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ 이 λ‚˜λ…Έ μ‹œμž₯에 μ°¨λ₯Ό μΆœμ‹œν• κ±°μ•Ό."
04:06
How did this great story unfold,
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λ‚˜λ…Έμ˜ 탄생에 λŒ€ν•œ
04:09
the making of Nano?
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μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λ†€λΌμš΄ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³ΌκΉŒμš”?
04:11
Let me tell you a bit about it.
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λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€λ§Œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄,
04:13
For example, how we started:
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
04:16
Ratan just began with a five-engineer team,
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라탄은 단지 5λͺ…μ˜ 기술자 νŒ€μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
young people in their mid-twenties.
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μ΄μ‹­λŒ€ μ€‘λ°˜μ˜ μ Šμ€ 인λ ₯λ“€μ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
04:22
And he said,
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그리고 λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό,
04:24
"Well, I won't define the vehicle for you,
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"자, μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€λΌκ³  ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
but I will define the cost for you.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΉ„μš©μ€ μ •ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
It is one lakh, 100,000 rupees,
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μ‹­λ§Œ 루피 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ
04:30
and you are to make it within that."
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μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ£Όμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€."
04:32
And he told them,
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그리고 λ˜ν•œ,
04:34
"Question the unquestionable.
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"말도 μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έλ„ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
Stretch the envelope."
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ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ„“νžˆμ„Έμš”."
04:38
And at a point in time,
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κ·Έ μ‹œμ μ—
04:40
he got so engrossed in the whole challenge,
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κ·ΈλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  도전에 μ§‘μ€‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
that he himself became a member of the team.
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νŒ€μ˜ 일원이 λ˜μ–΄μ„œ λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
04:44
Can you believe it?
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λ―ΏμœΌμ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:46
I still am told about this story
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이야기λ₯Ό 더 ν•˜μžλ©΄,
04:48
of that single wiper design in which he participated.
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와이퍼가 ν•˜λ‚˜λ§Œ μžˆλŠ” 것도 그의 μž‘ν’ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
Until midnight, he'd be thinking.
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ν•œλ°€μ€‘κΉŒμ§€ κ³ λ―Όν•˜κ³ μ„œλŠ”
04:53
Early morning he'll be coming back with sort of solutions.
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μƒˆλ²½μ— λͺ‡ 가지 해결책을 가지고 λŒμ•„μ˜€κ³€ ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
04:56
But who was the team leader?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νŒ€λ¦¬λ”λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
The team leader was Girish Wagh,
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κΈ°λ¦¬μ‹œ μ™€λΌλŠ”
05:00
a 34 year-old boy in [unclear].
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34μ„Έμ˜ μ Šμ€μ΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
And the Nano team average age
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λ‚˜λ…Έ νŒ€μ˜ 평균 연령은
05:04
was just 27 years.
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27세에 λΆˆκ³Όν–ˆμ§€μš”.
05:06
And they did innovation in design and beyond.
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λ‚˜λ…ΈνŒ€μ€ λ””μžμΈκ³Ό λͺ¨λ“  면에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ ν˜μ‹ μ„ μ΄λ€„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
Broke many norms of the standard conventions for the first time.
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λ§Žμ€ 기본적인 κ΄€μŠ΅μ˜ 기쀀을 처음으둜 κΉ¨λœ¨λ Έμ§€μš”.
05:13
For example, that a two-cylinder gas engine
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 2ν–‰μ • 엔진이
05:16
was used in a car with a single balancer shaft.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 밸런슀 μƒ€ν”„νŠΈλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 처음으둜 차에 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
Adhesives were replacing the rivets.
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리벳 λŒ€μ‹  μ ‘μ°©μ œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
05:22
There was a co-creation, a huge co-creation,
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그리고 μ „ 뢄야에 걸친 ν˜‘μ—…μ΄
05:25
with vendors and suppliers.
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ν˜‘λ ₯업체와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
All ideas on board were welcome.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ” λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ‘Œμ§€μš”.
05:29
100 vendors were co-located adjacent to the plant,
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λ°±μ—¬κ°œμ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯업체가 곡μž₯ 주변에 μžλ¦¬μž‘μ•˜κ³ ,
05:32
and innovative business models for automobile dealerships were developed.
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λ˜ν•œ μžλ™μ°¨ νŒλ§€μ—…κ³„μ˜ ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ 사업λͺ¨λΈμ„ κ°œλ°œν•΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
Imagine that a fellow
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ν•œ 번 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”,
05:37
who sells cloth, for example, will be selling Nano.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ˜·κ°μ„ νŒ”λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ‚˜λ…Έ μžλ™μ°¨λ₯Ό νŒ”κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
05:40
I mean, it was incredible innovation.
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은 것은 λ†€λΌμš΄ ν˜μ‹ μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
Seeking solutions for non-auto sectors.
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μžλ™μ°¨ 업계가 μ•„λ‹Œ κ³³μ—μ„œ 해결책을 μ°Ύμ•˜μ§€μš”.
05:46
It was an open innovation,
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μ—΄λ¦° ν˜μ‹ μ΄λΌ 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
ideas from all over were welcome.
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λͺ¨λ“  κ³³μ—μ„œ μ˜κ°μ„ μ–»μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
05:50
The mechanism of helicopters seats and windows was used, by the way,
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헬리μ½₯ν„°μ˜ μ’Œμ„κ³Ό μ°½λ¬Έ ꡬ쑰도 μ“°μ˜€μ„ λΏλ”λŸ¬,
05:53
as well as a dashboard
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λŒ€μ‰¬λ³΄λ“œλŠ”
05:55
that was inspired by two-wheelers.
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μ˜€ν† λ°”μ΄μ—μ„œ 아이디어λ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
The fuel lines and lamps
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μ—°λ£Œκ³„ν†΅κ³Ό λž¨ν”„λ„
05:59
were as in two-wheelers.
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μ˜€ν† λ°”μ΄μ—μ„œ μ°¨μš©ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
06:02
And the crux of the matter was, however,
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λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒμ˜ μš”μ μ€ λ°”λ‘œ
06:04
getting more from less.
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적은 κ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ 것을 μ–»λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
All the time, you have been given an envelope.
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ν•œκ³„ 상황이 주어진닀면
06:09
You can't cross that envelope,
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그것을 λ„˜μ„ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€μš”.
06:11
which is 100,000 rupees, 2,000 dollars.
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μ‹­λ§Œ 루피, μ•½ 2천뢈의 μ œν•œμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
And therefore, each component
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λͺ¨λ“  κ΅¬μ„±ν’ˆλ“€μ΄
06:16
had to have a dual functionality.
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두 가지 역할을 감당할 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Όκ² μ§€μš”.
06:19
And the seat riser, for example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ’Œμ„ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ‘°μ •ν•˜λŠ” λΆ€ν’ˆμ€
06:21
serving as a mounting for the seat
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μ’Œμ„μ„ κ³ μ •ν•˜λŠ” 역할도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
as well as a structural part
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λ˜ν•œ κ΅¬μ‘°λ¬Όλ‘œμ„œ
06:25
of the functional rigidity.
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κΈ°λŠ₯적으둜 강도λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
Half the number of parts
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μ „ν˜•μ μΈ μŠΉμš©μ°¨μ™€ λΉ„κ΅ν•΄μ„œ
06:29
are contained in Nano
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λ‚˜λ…Έ μžλ™μ°¨μ—λŠ”
06:31
in comparison to a typical passenger car.
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λΆ€ν’ˆμ΄ 절반 정도밖에 μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
The length is smaller by eight percent by the way.
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κΈΈμ΄λŠ” 8%κ°€ μ§§μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
But the current entry-level cars
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš”μ¦˜μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ μ†Œν˜•μ°¨μ™€ 비ꡐ할 λ•Œ
06:38
in comparison to that is eight percent less,
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8%κ°€ μž‘μ§€λ§Œ
06:40
but 21 percent more inside space.
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싀내곡간은 21%κ°€ 더 λ„“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
And what happened
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 일은
06:47
was that -- more from less --
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λ°”λ‘œ 적은 κ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ 것을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
you can see how much more for how much less.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 적은 κ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ 것을 μ°½μ‘°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 보싀 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
06:52
When the Model T was launched --
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ν¬λ“œμ˜ Tν˜• μžλ™μ°¨κ°€ 처음 λ‚˜μ™”μ„ λ•Œ
06:54
and this is, by the way, all the figures
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λͺ¨λ“  수치λ₯Ό
06:56
that are adjusted to 2007 dollar prices --
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2007λ…„μ˜ λ‹¬λŸ¬ν™” κ°€μΉ˜λ‘œ ν™˜μ‚°ν•˜λ©΄
06:59
Model T was 19,700 by Ford.
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19,700λΆˆμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
Volkswagon was 11,333.
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ν­μŠ€λ°”κ²μ˜ 비틀은 11,333λΆˆμ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
07:05
And British Motor was around 11,000.
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λΈŒλ¦¬ν‹°μ‰¬ λͺ¨ν„°μ˜ λ―Έλ‹ˆλŠ” 11,000뢈 κ°€λŸ‰ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:08
And Nano was, bang, 2,000 dollars.
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그리고 λ‚˜λ…ΈλŠ” 무렀 2,000λΆˆμ— λΆˆκ³Όν•˜μ§€μš”.
07:12
This is why
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ
07:14
you started
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„μ˜ λ³€ν™”λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
07:16
actually a new paradigm shift,
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μ‹œμž‘λœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
where the same people
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μ°¨λ₯Ό 타고 닀닐 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΏˆλ„ 꾸지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³ 
07:22
who could not dream of sitting in a car,
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온 가쑱을 μŠ€μΏ ν„°μ— νƒœμš°κ³  λ‹€λ…€μ•Όν–ˆλ˜
07:24
who were carrying their entire family in a scooter,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
07:26
started dreaming of being in a car.
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μ°¨λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 꿈꾸기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
And those dreams are getting fulfilled.
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그리고 꿈이 μ‹€ν˜„λ˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
This is a photograph
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이 사진은
07:34
of a house and a driver and a car
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ν•œ 집과 μžλ™μ°¨, 그리고 μš΄μ „μ‚¬μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
near my own home.
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λ°”λ‘œ 제 집 μ˜†μ΄μ§€μš”.
07:38
The driver's name is Naran.
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이 μš΄μ „μ‚¬μ˜ 이름은 λ‚˜λž€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
He has bought his own Nano.
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본인 μ†Œμœ μ˜ λ‚˜λ…Έλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
And you can see, there is a physical space
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μ‚¬μ§„μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ‹œλ“―μ΄ 이 곡간은
07:44
that has been created for him,
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κ·Έλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
parking that car, along with the owner's car,
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주인집 μ°¨ μ˜†μ— μžμ‹ μ˜ μ°¨λ₯Ό μ£Όμ°¨ν•΄λ†“μ•˜μ§€μš”.
07:49
but more importantly, they've created
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ”μš± μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
07:52
a space in their mind that
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마음의 μ—¬μœ κ°€ 생긴 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
"Yes, my chauffeur is going to come in his own car and park it."
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"그래, λ‚΄ μš΄μ „κΈ°μ‚¬λ„ 자기 μ°¨λ₯Ό 타고 μ™€μ„œ μ£Όμ°¨ν•΄ 놓아도 λ˜μ§€."
07:57
And that's why I call it a transformational innovation.
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μ œκ°€ κΈ‰λ³€ν•˜λŠ” ν˜μ‹ μ΄λΌ λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
It is not just technological,
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기술적인 μΈ‘λ©΄ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:04
it is social innovation that we talk about.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ  ν˜μ‹ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
And that is where, ladies and gentlemen,
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„,
08:10
this famous theme
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이 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 주제인
08:12
of getting more from less for more
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적은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ§Žμ€ 것을 μ–»λŠ” 것은
08:15
becomes important.
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점점 더 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
I remember talking about this for the first time in Australia,
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μ œκ°€ 처음 ν˜Έμ£Όμ—μ„œ 이 λ‚΄μš©μ— κ΄€ν•΄
08:20
about one and a half years ago,
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일 λ…„ 반 전에
08:22
when their academy honored me with a fellowship.
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λͺ…μ˜ˆ μ—°κ΅¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ μœ„μ΄‰λ°›μ•„ κ°•μ—°ν–ˆλ˜ λ‹Ήμ‹œλ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
And unbelievably, in 40 years,
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믿겨지지 μ•ŠμœΌμ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ 40λ…„ λ§Œμ—
08:27
I was the first Indian to be honored.
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μΈλ„μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œλŠ” 처음으둜 μˆ˜μ—¬λ°›μ€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
And the title of my talk
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제 κ°•μ—°μ˜ 제λͺ©μ€
08:31
was therefore "Indian innovation
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"μΈλ„μ˜ ν˜μ‹ ,
08:33
from Gandhi to Gandhian engineering."
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κ°„λ””λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 간디식 κ³΅ν•™μœΌλ‘œ" μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
And I titled this more from less for more and more people
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μ €λŠ” 후에 이 제λͺ©μ„ "간디식 곡학,
08:39
as Gandhian engineering.
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적은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ§Žμ€ 것을 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ"라고 μ΄λ¦„λΆ™μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
And Gandhian engineering, in my judgment,
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간디식 곡학에 λŒ€ν•œ μ €μ˜ μ •μ˜λŠ”
08:43
is the one which is going to take the world forward,
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세상이 ν•œ 걸음 더 μ „μ§„ν•˜μ—¬
08:46
is going to make a difference,
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μ†Œμˆ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ λͺ¨λ“  이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ
08:48
not just for a few, but for everyone.
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λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
Let me move from mobility in a car to individual mobility
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μžλ™μ°¨ μ–˜κΈ°λŠ” κ·Έλ§Œν•˜κ³  개인의 이동성에 λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
08:53
for those unfortunates
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닀리λ₯Ό μžƒμ€
08:55
who have lost their legs.
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λΆˆν–‰ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
Here is an American citizen and his son
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μ—¬κΈ° μ˜μ‘±μ„ λΆ€μ°©ν•œ ν•œ 미ꡭ인과
09:00
having an artificial foot.
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그의 아듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
What is its price? 20,000 dollars.
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가격이 μ–Όλ§ˆμΈ 쀄 μ•„μ‹œλ‚˜μš”? 2λ§ŒλΆˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
And of course, these feet are so designed
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 이 μ˜μ‘±μ€
09:08
that they can walk only on
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단지 잘 μ •λΉ„λœ μΈλ„λ‚˜ κΈΈμ—μ„œλ§Œ
09:11
such perfect pavement or roads.
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걸을 수 있게 μ„€κ³„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
Unfortunately, that's not the case in India.
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λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„ 인도에 그런 곳은 μ—†μ§€μš”.
09:16
You can see him walk barefoot
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맨발둜
09:18
on an awkward land, sometimes in a marshy land,
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μœ„ν—˜ν•œ κΈΈκ³Ό λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” λŠͺμ§€λŒ€ 등을
09:20
and so on and so forth.
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κ±Έμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
More importantly,
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λ”μš± μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
09:24
they not only walk far to work,
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κ±Έμ–΄μ„œ μΌν•˜λŸ¬ κ°€κ±°λ‚˜
09:26
and not only do they cycle to work,
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μžμ „κ±°λ₯Ό 타고 κ°€λŠ” 것 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
09:28
but they cycle for work, as you can see here.
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μ‚¬μ§„μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ‹œλ“―μ΄ μžμ „κ±°λ₯Ό 타고 일을 ν•΄μ•Όν•˜μ§€μš”.
09:31
And they climb up for their work.
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λ‚˜λ¬΄μ— 였λ₯΄κΈ°λ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
You have to design an artificial foot for such conditions.
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이런 ν™˜κ²½μ— μ ν•©ν•œ μ˜μ‘±μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
09:37
A challenge, of course.
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λ¬Όλ‘  쉽지 μ•Šμ€ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
Four billion people, their incomes are less then two dollars a day.
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4백만의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν•˜λ£¨μ— 2λΆˆλ„ μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” μˆ˜μž…μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°
09:42
And if you talk about a 20,000-dollar shoe,
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μ˜μ‘±μ„ κ΅¬μž…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 2만 λΆˆμ„ μ§€λΆˆν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
09:44
you're talking about 10,000 days of income.
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1만 일 λ™μ•ˆ 일을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
You just don't have it.
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말도 μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” μΌμ΄μ§€μš”.
09:49
And therefore, you ought to look at alternatives.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λŒ€μ•ˆμ„ μ°Ύμ•„μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
And that is how Jaipur Foot was created in India.
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자이퍼 풋이 μΈλ„μ—μ„œ 발λͺ…될 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
It had a revolutionary prosthetic fitment and delivery system,
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이것은 혁λͺ…적인 보철학과 배솑 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ,
09:58
a quick molding and modular components,
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λΉ λ₯Έ μ‘°ν˜•κ³Ό λͺ¨λ“ˆν™”λœ λΆ€μ†μ˜ ν˜μ‹ μ„ 톡해
10:01
enabling custom-made, on-the-spot limb fitments.
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ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ μ¦‰μ‹œ κ°œμΈμ— 맞게 μ œμž‘ν•  수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:05
You could feel it actually in an hour, by the way,
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단 ν•œ μ‹œκ°„ μ•ˆμ— λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
10:07
whereas the equivalent other feet
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ™λ“±ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ μ˜μ‘±λ“€μ΄
10:09
took something like a day, as so on.
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ν•˜λ£¨ 이상 κ±Έλ¦°λ‹€λŠ” 것에 λΉ„ν•΄ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
Outer socket made by using heated high-density polyethylene pipes,
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μ™ΈλΆ€ κ΄€μ ˆμ€ κ°€μ—΄λœ κ³ λ°€λ„μ˜ ν΄λ¦¬μ—ν‹Έλ Œκ΄€μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
10:15
rather than using heated sheets.
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κ°€μ—΄μ‹œνŠΈλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것보닀 νš¨μœ¨μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:18
And unique high-ankle design and human-like looks,
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νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 높은 발λͺ© ꡬ쑰 및 신체와 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ™€
10:21
[unclear] and functions.
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κΈ°λŠ₯을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
And I like to show how it looks
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 생겼고
10:25
and how it works.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:33
(Music)
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β™« μŒμ•… β™«
10:37
See, he jumps. You can see what stress it must have.
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ„Έμš”, λ›°μ–΄ 내릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ‹¨λ‹¨ν•œμ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
10:40
(Text: ... any person with a below the knee limb could do this.
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(μžλ§‰ : ... 무릎 μ•„λž˜λ₯Ό μ ˆλ‹¨ν•œ λˆ„κ΅¬λΌλ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
... above the limb, yes, it would be difficult ...
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... 무릎 κ΄€μ ˆ μœ„μͺ½μ΄λΌλ©΄ 쑰금 μ–΄λ ΅κΈ΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ ...
10:45
"Did it hurt?"
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"아프지 μ•Šμ•„μš”?"
10:47
"No ... not at all."
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"μ•„λ‹ˆμš”.. μ „ν˜€."
10:58
... he can run a kilometer in four minutes and 30 seconds ...)
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... 1kmλ₯Ό 4λΆ„ 30초 λ§Œμ— μ£ΌνŒŒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ ... )
11:00
One kilometer in four minutes and 30 seconds.
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1kmλ₯Ό 4λΆ„ 30μ΄ˆλ§Œμ— λ›Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
11:15
So that's what it is all about.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이런 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
And therefore Time took notice
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νƒ€μž„μ§€μ—μ„œλ„
11:19
of this 28-dollar foot, basically.
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이 28뢈짜리 μ˜μ‘±μ— μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ˜€μ§€μš”.
11:21
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
11:24
An incredible story.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
Let's move on to something else.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³ΌκΉŒμš”.
11:29
I've been talking about getting more from less for more.
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μœ„ν•΄ 적은 κ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ 것을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
Let's move to health.
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건강과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄λ³΄μ§€μš”.
11:33
We've talked about mobility and the rest of it, let's talk about health.
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이동성에 κ΄€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄μ™”μœΌλ‹ˆ 건강에 λŒ€ν•œ μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 해보도둝 ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
11:36
What's happening in the area of health?
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건강 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλŠ” 무슨 일이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:38
You know, you have new diseases that require new drugs.
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μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ§ˆλ³‘μ—λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 약이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:41
And if you look at the drug development 10 years ago and now,
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μ‹ μ•½ κ°œλ°œμ„ 10λ…„ μ „κ³Ό μ§€κΈˆμ„ λΉ„κ΅ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
11:43
what has happened?
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μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
11:45
10 years ago, it used to cost about a quarter billion.
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10λ…„ μ „μ—λŠ” κ°œλ°œλΉ„μš©μ΄ μ•½ 2μ–΅5천만뢈이 λ“€μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
11:47
Today it costs 1.5 billion dollars.
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μ§€κΈˆμ— μ™€μ„œλŠ” 15μ–΅λΆˆμ΄ λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:51
Time taken for moving a molecule to marketplace,
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λΆ„μž 화합물이 μ‹œμž‘μ— λ‚˜μ˜¬ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€
11:54
after all the human and animal testing,
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동물 μ‹€ν—˜κ³Ό 인체 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ 거쳐
11:57
was 10 years, now it is 15 years.
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10년이 걸렸던 것이 μ§€κΈˆμ€ 15년이 걸리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:00
Are you getting more drugs because you are spending more time and more money?
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μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό 돈이 더 λ“€μ–΄κ°„ κ²°κ³Ό 더 λ§Žμ€ 약이 λ‚˜μ™”λ‚˜μš”?
12:03
No, I'm sorry.
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λ―Έμ•ˆν•˜κ²Œλ„ 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:05
We used to have 40, now they have come down to 30.
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40μ—¬μ’…μ˜ 신약이 κ°œλ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 것이 30μ—¬μ’…μœΌλ‘œ μ€„μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
12:08
So actually we are getting less from more
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즉 점점 더 적은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄
12:10
for less and less people.
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λ§Žμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 적은 것을 λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
12:12
Why less and less people? Because it is so expensive,
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μ™œ μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”? λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉ„μ‹ΈκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
12:14
so very few will be able to basically afford that.
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맀우 적은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ§Œ 약값을 μ§€λΆˆν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
Let us just take an example.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ§€μš”.
12:20
Psoriasis is very dreadful
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건선은 맀우 λ”μ°ν•œ
12:22
disease of the skin.
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ν”ΌλΆ€μ§ˆν™˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:24
The cost of treatment, 20,000 dollars.
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치료 λΉ„μš©μ€ 2만뢈이 λ“€μ§€μš”.
12:26
1,000-dollar antibody injections under the skin, by the way,
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천뢈짜리 ν”Όν•˜μ£Όμ‚¬λ₯Ό
12:29
and 20 of them.
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20νšŒμ— 걸쳐 λ§žμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:31
Time for development -- it took around 10 years
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κ°œλ°œμ— λ“œλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ€ λŒ€λž΅ 10λ…„ 정도 걸리고
12:33
and 700 million dollars.
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7μ–΅λΆˆ 정도가 λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
Let's start in the spirit
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더 λ§Žμ€ 이듀을 μœ„ν•΄
12:37
of more from less and more for more
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적은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ§Žμ€ 것을 μ–»λŠ” κ°œλ…μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
12:39
and start putting some targets.
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그리고 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ •ν•΄λ³΄μ§€μš”.
12:42
For example, we don't want 20,000 dollars; we don't have it.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 2λ§ŒλΆˆμ€ μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ°λ§ν•œ 돈이 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
12:45
Can we do it [for] 100 dollars?
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100λΆˆμ— κ΅¬μž…ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
12:47
Time for development, not 10 years.
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κ°œλ°œμ— μ†Œμš”λ˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„λ„ 10년은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:49
We are in a hurry. Five years.
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μš”. 5λ…„μœΌλ‘œ ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
12:51
Cost of development -- 300 million dollars.
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개발 μ†Œμš”λΉ„μš©μ€ 3μ–΅λΆˆμ΄λΌλ©΄
12:53
Sorry. I can't spend more than 10 million dollars.
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μ•ˆλ˜κ² κ΅°μš”. 천만뢈 이상 μ“Έ 수 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
12:55
Looks absolutely audacious.
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λ»”λ»”ν•΄ 보이기도 ν•˜κ³ 
12:57
Looks absolutely ridiculous.
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ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆ μ—†λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ 듀리기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
You know something? This has been achieved in India.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„μ‹œλ‚˜μš”? μΈλ„μ—μ„œ ν•΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
These targets have been achieved in India.
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μœ„μ—μ„œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ μΈλ„μ—μ„œ μ‹€ν˜„λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
13:04
And how they have been achieved ...
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 성곡할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλƒλ©΄ ...
13:06
Sir Francis Bacon once said,
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ν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€ 베이컨 경이 λ§ν–ˆμ§€μš”,
13:08
"When you wish to achieve results
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"이전에 μ‹€ν˜„λœ 적이 μ—†λŠ”
13:10
that have not been achieved before,
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κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
13:12
it is an unwise fancy to think
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이미 전에 μ‚¬μš©λœ
13:14
that they can be achieved by using methods
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방법을 ν™œμš©ν•΄μ„œ 이루고자 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것은
13:16
that have been used before."
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ν˜„λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 생각이닀."
13:18
And therefore, the standard process,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κΈ°μ‘΄ 절차λ₯Ό 따라
13:20
where you develop a molecule, put it into mice, into men,
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λΆ„μžκ²°ν•©λ¬Όμ„ κ°œλ°œν•œ ν›„ μ‹€ν—˜μš© μ₯μ™€
13:22
are not yielding those results --
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인체 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 거쳐 λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λ©΄
13:24
the billions of dollars that have been spent.
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수백 수천뢈이 μ†Œμš”λ  수 밖에 μ—†μ§€μš”.
13:26
The Indian cleverness
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μΈλ„μ˜ λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•œ 이듀이
13:28
was using its traditional knowledge,
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전톡적 지식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ
13:31
however, scientifically validating it
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κ³Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μž…μ¦ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό
13:33
and making that journey from men to mice to men,
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μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 적용된 것을 μ‹€ν—˜μš© μ₯μ— μ‹€ν—˜ν•˜κ³  λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μ‹€ν—˜ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
13:36
not molecule to mice to men, you know.
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λΆ„μžκ²°ν•©λ¬Όμ—μ„œ μ₯λ₯Ό 거쳐 μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ μš”.
13:38
And that is how this difference has come.
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό 이런 차이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:40
And you can see this blending
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ°”λ‘œ
13:42
of traditional medicine, modern medicine, modern science.
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전톡 μ˜ν•™κ³Ό ν˜„λŒ€ μ˜ν•™, 그리고 ν˜„λŒ€ κ³Όν•™μ˜ λ§Œλ‚¨μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
13:44
I launched a big program
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μ €λŠ” 큰 규λͺ¨μ˜ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„
13:46
[unclear] CSIR about nine years ago.
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CSIR(κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ μ—°κ΅¬νšŒ)와 ν•¨κ»˜ 9λ…„ 전에 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:49
He is giving us not just for Psoriasis,
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κ·Έ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€ 건선 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
13:51
for cancer and a whole range of things, changing the whole paradigm.
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암을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ“  νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„μ„ λ°”κΎΈκ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
And you can see this Indian Psoriasis breakthrough
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인도식 κ±΄μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œμ•½μ˜ 혁λͺ…을 보셨듯이
13:56
obtained by this reverse form of [unclear]
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ’€μ§‘μ–΄λ³΄κΈ°λŠ”
13:58
by doing things differently.
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λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
You can see before treatment and after treatment.
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치료 μ „κ³Ό 치료 ν›„λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
14:03
This is really getting more from less for more and more people,
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이것은 진정 적은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ 것을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:06
because these are all affordable treatments now.
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이제 λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ 뢀담없이 치료λ₯Ό 받을 수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:09
Let me just remind you
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λ§ˆν•˜νŠΈλ§ˆ κ°„λ””κ°€
14:12
of what Mahatma Gandhi had said.
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ν•œ 말씀을 μƒκΈ°μ‹œμΌœ λ“œλ¦¬μžλ©΄,
14:14
He had said, "Earth provides enough
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"μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ ν•„μš”λ₯Ό
14:17
to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed."
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μΆ©μ‘±μ‹œν‚¬ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 것을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μš•μ‹¬μ„ μ±„μš°μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
14:20
So the message he was giving us
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κ°„λ””κ°€ μ „ν•˜λŠ” λ©”μ„Έμ§€λŠ”
14:22
was you must get more from less and less and less
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 더 적은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ§Žμ€ ν˜œνƒμ„ λˆ„λ¦΄ 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:25
so that you can share it for more and more people,
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό λ‚˜λˆŒ 수 있고
14:27
not only the current generation,
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ν˜„μž¬ μ„ΈλŒ€λΏλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
14:29
but the future generations.
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미래의 후손듀을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ„ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:31
And he also said, "I would prize every invention of science
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λ˜ν•œ κ°„λ””λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
14:34
made for the benefit for all."
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"λͺ¨λ“  μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ ν˜œνƒμ„ μ£ΌλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  과학적 발λͺ…에 상을 μ£Όμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
14:36
So he was giving you the message that you must have it for more and more people,
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κ·Έκ°€ μ „ν•˜λŠ” λ©”μ„Έμ§€λŠ” λΆ„λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:39
not just a few people.
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단지 μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ ν˜œνƒμ„ μ£Όμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:41
And therefore, ladies and gentlemen,
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„,
14:43
this is the theme, getting more
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더 λ§Žμ€ 것을 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μœ„ν•΄
14:45
from less for more.
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더 적은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ–»λŠ” 것이 ν•΅μ‹¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:47
And mind you,
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λ˜ν•œ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  싢은 것은,
14:49
it is not getting just a little more for just a little less.
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μ•½κ°„μ˜ 적은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ λ‹Ήν•œ 것을 μ–»λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:52
It's not about low cost.
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λͺ‡ ν‘Ό μ‹Έκ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
14:54
It's about ultra-low cost.
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정말 적은 λΉ„μš©μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:56
You cannot say it's a mere treatment 10,000 dollars,
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치료 λΉ„μš©μ΄ 1λ§ŒλΆˆμ΄λ‹ˆ,
14:58
but because you are poor I'll give it for 9,000.
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 9μ²œλΆˆμ— μ£Όκ² λ‹€κ³  말할 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€μš”.
15:01
Sorry, it doesn't work. You have to give it for 100 dollars, 200 dollars.
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λ―Έμ•ˆν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ν˜€ μ†Œμš©μ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 백뢈, 2λ°±λΆˆμ— μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ•Όμ§€μš”.
15:04
Is it possible? It has been made possible, by the way,
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κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒμš”? μ €λŠ” 이런 일듀을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
for certain other different reasons.
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νŠΉλ³„ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:10
So you are not talking about low cost, you are talking about ultra-low cost.
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μ €λΉ„μš©μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ΄ˆμ €λΉ„μš©μ΄ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:13
You are not talking about affordability,
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감당할 수 μžˆμ„ 정도가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
15:15
you are talking about extreme affordability.
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뢀담없이 μ§€λΆˆν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ§€μš”.
15:17
Because of the four billion people whose income is under two dollars a day.
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40μ–΅μ˜ 인ꡬ가 맀일 2뢈 μ΄ν•˜μ˜ μˆ˜μž…μœΌλ‘œ μ‚΄κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:21
You're not talking exclusive innovation.
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배타적인 ν˜μ‹ μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
15:24
You're talking about inclusive innovation.
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λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν˜μ‹ μ΄ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:27
And therefore, you're not talking about incremental innovation,
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μ΄μœ€μ„ μ°½μΆœν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν˜μ‹ μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
15:29
you're talking about disruptive innovation.
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λΆ„λ°°λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν˜μ‹ μ΄ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:31
The ideas have to be such
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이런 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ”
15:33
that you think in completely different terms.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°œλ…μ—μ„œ μƒκ°ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:36
And I would also add,
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덧뢙이고 싢은 것은,
15:38
it is not only getting more from less for more
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단지 적은 κ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ 것을 μ–»λŠ” 것 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
15:40
by more and more people, the whole world working for it.
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점점 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€, 온 세상이 μ°Έμ—¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:43
I was very touched when I saw a breakthrough the other day.
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μ–΄λŠ λ‚  λ‹€λ₯Έ λ†€λΌμš΄ ν˜μ‹ μ„ 보고 큰 감동을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:46
You know, incubators for infants, for example.
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신생아λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μΈνλ² μ΄ν„°λŠ”
15:48
They're not available in Africa.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œλŠ” κΏˆλ„ 꾸지 λͺ»ν•˜μ§€μš”.
15:50
They're not available in Indian villages.
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μΈλ„μ˜ μ‹œκ³¨μ—μ„œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:52
And infants die.
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신생아듀이 죽게 λ˜μ§€μš”.
15:54
And incubator costs 2,000 dollars.
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μΈνλ² μ΄ν„°λŠ” 2μ²œλΆˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:57
And there's a 25-dollar incubator
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그런데 25뢈짜리 인큐베이터가
15:59
giving that performance that had been created.
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κΈ°μ‘΄ 인큐베이터와 λ™μΌν•œ μ„±λŠ₯을 λ°œνœ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:01
And by whom?
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λˆ„κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
16:03
By young students from Standford University
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λ°”λ‘œ μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œ λŒ€ν•™μ˜ μ Šμ€ 학생듀이
16:06
on an extreme affordability project that they had, basically.
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μ΄ˆμ €λΉ„μš©μ˜ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό 톡해 ν•΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:09
Their heart is in the right place, like Ratan Tata.
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κ·Έ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ λ§ˆμŒμ€ λ°”λ₯Έ 곳에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 라탄 νƒ€νƒ€μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
16:12
It's not just innovation, compassion and passion --
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λ‹¨μˆœν•œ ν˜μ‹ μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, λ”°λ“―ν•œ 인정과 μ—΄μ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:15
compassion in the heart and passion in the belly.
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마음 속에 인정을 λ‹΄μ•„ 열정을 가지고 ν•΄λ‚Έ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
16:17
That's the new world that we want to create.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„Έμƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:20
And that is why the message is that of Gandhian engineering.
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그리고 이것이 간디식 κ³΅ν•™μ˜ λ©”μ„Έμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:22
Ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to end before time.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, μ €λŠ” 마치기 전에
16:25
I was also afraid of those 18 minutes.
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18λΆ„ μ•ˆμ— 끝내야 ν•˜λŠ”λ°
16:27
I've still one and a half to go.
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아직 1λΆ„ 30μ΄ˆκ°€ λ‚¨μ•˜κ΅°μš”.
16:29
The message, the final message, is this:
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μ œκ°€ ν•˜κ³  싢은 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:32
India gave a great gift to the world.
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μΈλ„λŠ” 세상에 μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 선물을 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:35
What was that?
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그것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
16:37
[In the] 20th century, we gave Gandhi to the world.
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20세기에, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°„λ””λ₯Ό 세상에 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:40
The 21st century gift,
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21μ„ΈκΈ°μ—λŠ”
16:42
which is very, very important for the whole world,
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λͺ¨λ“  세상에 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 선물을 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:44
whether it is global economic meltdown,
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전세계적인 κ²½κΈ° 침체와
16:46
whether it is climate change --
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κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” λ“±
16:48
any problem that you talk about
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μ–΄λ– ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ„
16:50
is gaining more from less for more and more --
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더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μœ„ν•΄ 적은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ§Žμ€ 것을 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:52
not only the current generations,
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단지 우리 ν˜„ μ„ΈλŒ€ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
16:54
for the future generations.
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미래 μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ„μš”.
16:56
And that can come only from Gandhian engineering.
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그리고 이것은 간디식 곡학을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:58
So ladies and gentlemen, I'm very happy to announce,
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μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜
17:01
this gift of the 21st century
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21μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜
17:03
to the world from India,
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전세계λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μΈλ„μ˜ 선물은
17:05
Gandhian engineering.
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λ°”λ‘œ 간디식 곡학이라고 λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:07
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
17:15
Lakshmi Pratury: Thank you, Dr. Mashelkar. (R.A. Mashelkar: Thank you very much.)
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λ½μ‹œλ―Έ ν”„λΌνˆ¬λ¦¬ : κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§ˆμ…€μΉ΄ λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜. (R A λ§ˆμ…€μΉ΄ : λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€)
17:18
LP: A quick question for you.
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λ½μ‹œλ―Έ : 짧은 μ§ˆλ¬Έν•˜λ‚˜ λ“œλ¦΄κ»˜μš”
17:20
Now, when you were a young boy in this school,
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λ°•μ‚¬λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ 이 ν•™κ΅μ˜ ν•™μƒμ΄μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
17:23
what were your thoughts, like what did you think you could become?
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μ–΄λ–€ 생각을 ν•˜μ…¨λŠ”μ§€μš”, μ»€μ„œ 무엇이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Όκ² λ‹€λ˜κ°€ ν•˜λŠ”?
17:26
What do you think that drove you?
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μ–΄λ–€ 생각이 κΏˆμ„ 이루게 ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?
17:28
Was there a vision you had? What is it that drove you?
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꿈이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”? 힘이 λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”?
17:31
RAM: I'll tell you a story that drove me, that transformed my life.
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λ§ˆμ…€μΉ΄ : μ €λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ–΄μ£Όμ—ˆλ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬μ§€μš”. 제 인생을 λ°”κΎΌ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:34
I remember, I went to a poor school,
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제 κΈ°μ–΅μœΌλ‘œ, μ €λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό λ‚™ν›„λœ 학ꡐ에 λ‹€λ…”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:37
because my mother could not gather the 21 rupees,
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저희 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” κΈ°κ°„ μ•ˆμ— 학ꡐ에 λ‚΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” 21루피,
17:40
that half a dollar that was required
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즉 0.5λΆˆμ„ λ‚Ό 수 없을 μ •λ„λ‘œ
17:42
within the stipulated time.
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κ°€λ‚œν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
17:44
It was [unclear] high school.
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그곳은 (--뢈λͺ…확함--) κ³ λ“±ν•™κ΅μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:47
But it was a poor school with rich teachers, honestly.
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λ‚™ν›„λœ ν•™κ΅μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ, ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ³„μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§„μ§œλ‘œμš”.
17:50
And one of them was [unclear] who taught us physics.
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κ·Έ 쀑 ν•œλΆ„μ΄ (--뢈λͺ…확함--) μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄μ…¨κ³ , 물리학을 κ°€λ₯΄μ³ μ£Όμ…¨μ§€μš”.
17:53
One day he took us out into the sun
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ν•˜λ£¨λŠ” 우리λ₯Ό νƒœμ–‘λ³•μ΄ λ“œλŠ” 곳으둜 λ°λ €κ°€μ„œ
17:55
and tried to show us how to find
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 볼둝렌즈의 초점거리λ₯Ό
17:57
the focal length of a convex lens.
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κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:00
The lens was here. The piece of paper was there. He moved it up and down.
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렌즈λ₯Ό λ“€κ³ , 쒅이λ₯Ό μ—¬κΈ° λ†“κ³ μ„œ 렌즈λ₯Ό μœ„μ•„λž˜λ‘œ μ›€μ§μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:03
And there was a bright spot up there.
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그러면 밝은 점이 μƒκΈ°μ§€μš”.
18:06
And then he said, "This is the focal length."
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μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹œκΈΈ, "이것이 초점 거리닀."
18:08
But then he held it for a little while, Lakshmi.
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렌즈λ₯Ό μž μ‹œ λ“€κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”, λ½μ‹œλ―Έμ”¨.
18:11
And then the paper burned.
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곧 쒅이가 타기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:13
When the paper burned, for some reason he turned to me,
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쒅이가 타듀어 κ°€μž, μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ€ 문득 μ €λ₯Ό λ³΄κ³ μ„œ
18:15
and he said, "Mashelkar, like this,
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"λ§ˆμ…€μΉ΄μ•Ό, μ΄κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
18:18
if you do not diffuse your energies,
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λ„ˆμ˜ νž˜μ„ λΆ„μ‚°μ‹œν‚€μ§€ 말고
18:20
if you focus your energies,
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ν•œ 곳으둜 μ§‘μ€‘μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λ©΄
18:22
you can achieve anything in the world."
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ μ–΄λ–€ 일도 ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹¨λ‹€."
18:25
That gave me a great message: focus and you can achieve.
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κ·Έ 말씀은 μ €μ—κ²Œ μ»€λ‹€λž€ 의미둜 λ‹€κ°€μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λ©΄ 이룰 수 μžˆλ‹€.
18:28
I said, "Whoa, science is so wonderful,
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μ €λŠ” "μš°μ™€, 과확은 μ°Έ λ©‹μ§€λ„€μš”,
18:30
I have to become a scientist."
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μ €λŠ” κ³Όν•™μžκ°€ λ˜κ² μ–΄μš”." 라고 λ§ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
18:32
But more importantly, focus and you can achieve.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ”μš± μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은, μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λ©΄ 이룰 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:35
And that message, very frankly,
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κ·Έ λ©”μ„Έμ§€λŠ” 맀우 μ†”μ§ν•˜κ²Œ
18:37
is valuable for society today.
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ν˜„λŒ€ μ‚¬νšŒμ— μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:39
What does that focal length do?
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μ΄ˆμ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” 무슨 역할을 ν• κΉŒμš”?
18:42
It has parallel lines, which are sun rays.
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νƒœμ–‘κ΄‘μ„ μ€ ν‰ν–‰ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚΄λ¦¬μ¬‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:45
And the property of parallel lines
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ν‰ν–‰ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μ€
18:47
is that they never meet.
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κ·Έ 선듀이 μ ˆλŒ€ λ§Œλ‚  수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
18:49
What does that convex lens do?
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λ³Όλ‘λ Œμ¦ˆλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 역할을 ν• κΉŒμš”?
18:51
It makes them meet.
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평행선을 λ§Œλ‚˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:53
This is convex lens leadership.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 볼둝렌즈 λ¦¬λ”μ‹­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:55
You know what today's leadership is doing? Concave length.
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μš”μ¦˜μ˜ 리더십은 μ–΄λ–€ 쀄 μ•„μ„Έμš”? 였λͺ©λ Œμ¦ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:58
They divide them farther.
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점점 더 λ©€μ–΄μ§€κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€μš”.
19:01
So I learned the lesson
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ¨μ—μ„œ
19:03
of convex lens leadership from that.
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볼둝렌즈 리더십을 λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:05
And when I was at National Chemical Laboratory [unclear].
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그리고 μ œκ°€ κ΅­λ¦½ν™”ν•™μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ™€
19:08
When I was at Council of Scientific Industry Research --
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κ³Όν•™μ‚°μ—…μ—°κ΅¬ν˜‘μ˜νšŒμ˜
19:10
40 laboratories -- when two laboratories were not talking to each other,
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40개 μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œκ°€ μ„œλ‘œ ꡐλ₯˜μ‘°μ°¨ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œ,
19:12
I would [unclear].
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μ„œλ‘œ ν™”ν•©ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:15
And currently I'm president of Global Research Alliance,
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그리고 μ§€κΈˆμ€ κ΅­μ œμ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ μ—°λ§Ήμ˜ 회μž₯직을 맑아
19:17
60,000 scientists in nine counties, right from India to the U.S.
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μΈλ„μ—μ„œ 미ꡭ에 이λ₯΄λŠ” 9개 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 6λ§Œμ—¬ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ„ λŒ€ν‘œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:20
I'm trying to build a global team,
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μ €λŠ” ꡭ제적인 νŒ€μ„ κ΅¬μΆ•ν•΄μ„œ
19:23
which will look at the global grand challenges that the world is facing.
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세계가 μ§λ©΄ν•œ 큰 도전에 λŒ€μ‘ν•˜κ³ μž λ…Έλ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:26
That was the lesson. That was the inspirational moment.
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그것이 μ œκ°€ 배운 것이고, μ €λ₯Ό 이 μžλ¦¬μ— 있게 ν•œ νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:28
LP: Thank you very much. (RAM: Thank you.)
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λ½μ‹œλ―Έ : λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ (λ§ˆμ…€μΉ΄ : κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.)
19:31
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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