How women in rural India turned courage into capital | Chetna Gala Sinha

114,324 views ・ 2018-09-10

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ki Yun Lee κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I'm here to tell you not just my story
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 제 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
00:16
but stories of exceptional women from India whom I've met.
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μ œκ°€ λ§Œλ‚œ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 인도 μ—¬μ„±λ“€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€λ €λ“œλ¦¬λ € 이곳에 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
They continue to inspire me,
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제 인생 μ—¬μ •μ—μ„œ μ €λ₯Ό 계속 μ‘μ›ν•˜κ³ 
00:23
teach me, guide me in my journey of my life.
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κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κ³ , μ΄λŒμ–΄μ£ΌλŠ” λΆ„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
These are incredible women.
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λ―ΏκΈ° νž˜λ“€ μ •λ„λ‘œ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ λΆ„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
They never had an opportunity to go to school,
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학ꡐλ₯Ό 갈 κΈ°νšŒλ„ μ—†μ—ˆκ³ 
00:33
they had no degrees,
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ν•™μœ„λ„ μ—†κ³ 
00:35
no travel, no exposure.
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μ—¬ν–‰ν•œ 적도, λ‚˜κ°„ 적도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
Ordinary women who did extraordinary things
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μš©κΈ°μ™€
00:41
with the greatest of their courage,
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μ§€ν˜œμ™€ κ²Έμ†μœΌλ‘œ
00:43
wisdom and humility.
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 일을 ν•˜μ‹  ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ—¬μ„±λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
These are my teachers.
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제 μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
For the last three decades,
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μ§€λ‚œ 30λ…„κ°„
00:50
I've been working, staying and living in India
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μΈλ„μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ³  머무λ₯΄κ³  μ‚΄κ³ 
00:54
and working with women in rural India.
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μ‹œκ³¨ μ—¬μ„±λΆ„λ“€κ³Ό μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
I was born and brought up in Mumbai.
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μ €λŠ” λ­„λ°”μ΄μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžλžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
When I was in college,
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μ œκ°€ λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ— μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:02
I met Jayaprakash Narayan,
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μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ„ μ‹œκ³¨μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λ„λ‘ μΈλ„ν•˜λŠ”
01:05
famous Gandhian leader
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κ°„λ””μ£Όμ˜ μ§€λ„μž
01:08
who inspired youth to work in rural India.
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μ œν”„λΌμΉ΄μ‹œ λ‚˜λΌμ–€μ„ λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
I went into the villages to work in rural India.
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μ €λŠ” 인도 μ‹œκ³¨μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λ €κ³  촌락으둜 λ“€μ–΄κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
I was part of land rights movement,
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토지 ꢌ리 μš΄λ™ 그리고
01:18
farmers' movement
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농민 μš΄λ™,
01:19
and women's movement.
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μ—¬μ„± μš΄λ™μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
On the same line,
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이 같은 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ
01:23
I ended up in a very small village,
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μ €λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ λ§ˆμ„μ— λ„λ‹¬ν–ˆκ³ 
01:26
fell in love with a young, handsome, dynamic young farmer-leader
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젊고, λ©‹μžˆκ³ , ν™œλ™μ μΈ 농민 μ§€λ„μžμ™€ μ‚¬λž‘μ— λΉ μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
who was not very educated,
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κ΅μœ‘μ„ 받진 λͺ» ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:35
but he could pull the crowd.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λŒ€μ€‘μ„ 이끌 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
And so in the passion of youth,
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μ Šμ€ μ—΄μ •μœΌλ‘œ
01:40
I married him
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό κ²°ν˜Όν•΄μ„œ
01:42
and left Mumbai,
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뭄바이λ₯Ό λ– λ‚˜
01:43
and went to a small village which did not have running water
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μˆ˜λ—λ¬Όκ³Ό ν™”μž₯싀이 μ—†λŠ”
01:48
and no toilet.
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μž‘μ€ λ§ˆμ„λ‘œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
Honestly, my family and friends were horrified.
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μ†”μ§νžˆ 제 κ°€μ‘±κ³Ό μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ€ μΆ©κ²©λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:56
I was staying with my family,
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μ„Έ μžλ…€λ“€μ΄ λ”Έλ¦°
01:58
with my three children in the village,
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제 κ°€μ‘±λ“€κ³Ό 같이 μ‚΄μ•˜κ³ 
02:01
and one day,
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그리고
02:03
a few years later one day,
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λͺ‡ 년이 μ§€λ‚œ μ–΄λŠ λ‚ 
02:05
a woman called Kantabai came to me.
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μΉΈνƒ€λ°”μ΄λΌλŠ” 여성이 μ°Ύμ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
Kantabai said, "I want to open a saving account.
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μΉΈνƒ€λ°”μ΄λŠ” "예금 κ³„μ’Œ μ—΄κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”.
02:14
I want to save."
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μ €μΆ•ν•˜λ €κ³ μš”."라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
I asked Kantabai:
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μΉΈνƒ€λ°”μ΄ν•œν…Œ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
"You are doing business of blacksmith.
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"λŒ€μž₯μž₯이 μΌν•˜κ³  계신데
02:21
Do you have enough money to save?
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μ €μΆ•ν•  μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 돈이 μžˆμœΌμ„Έμš”?
02:23
You are staying on the street.
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κΈΈκ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μ‹œμž–μ•„μš”.
02:26
Can you save?"
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μ €μΆ•ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμœΌμ„Έμš”?"
02:27
Kantabai was insistent.
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μΉΈνƒ€λ°”μ΄λŠ” κ³ μ§‘λΆˆν†΅μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
She said, "I want to save because I want to buy a plastic sheet
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"μ €μΆ•ν•΄μ„œ μž₯마 였기 전에
02:34
before the monsoons arrive.
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± 판 사고 μ‹Άμ–΄μš”.
02:36
I want to save my family from rain."
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μž₯λ§ˆλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 가쑱을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”."
02:39
I went with Kantabai to the bank.
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칸타바이와 ν•¨κ»˜ 은행에 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
Kantabai wanted to save 10 rupees a day --
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μΉΈνƒ€λ°”μ΄λŠ” 15μ„ΌνŠΈ(μ•½170원)보닀 μž‘μ€
02:45
less than 15 cents.
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10루피λ₯Ό 맀일 μ €κΈˆν•˜λ € ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:48
Bank manager refused to open the account of Kantabai.
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은행 지점μž₯은 κ³„μ’Œ κ°œμ„€μ„ κ±°μ ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
He said Kantabai's amount is too small
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κΈˆμ•‘μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μž‘κ³ 
02:56
and it's not worth his time.
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μ‹œκ°„ 낭비라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
Kantabai was not asking any loan from the bank.
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μΉΈνƒ€λ°”μ΄λŠ” 은행에 λŒ€μΆœμ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•œ 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
She was not asking any subsidy or grant from the government.
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μ •λΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ³΄μ‘°κΈˆμ΄λ‚˜ μ§€μ›κΈˆμ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•œ 것도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
What she was asking was to have a safe place
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νž˜λ“€κ²Œ 번 λˆμ„ μ €μΆ•ν•  수 있게
03:12
to save her hard-earned money.
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μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μ €μΆ• 곡간을 μš”κ΅¬ν•œ κ²ƒλΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
And that was her right.
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그건 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κΆŒλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
And I went --
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μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
I said if banks are not opening the account of Kantabai,
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은행이 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ κ³„μ’Œλ₯Ό μ•ˆ μ—΄μ–΄μ€€λ‹€λ©΄
03:21
why not start the bank
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μΉΈνƒ€λ°”μ΄μ²˜λŸΌ μ €μΆ•ν•˜κ³  싢은 μ—¬μ„±μ—κ²Œ κΈ°νšŒλŠ” μ£ΌλŠ”
03:23
which will give an opportunity for women like Kantabai to save?
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은행을 λ§Œλ“€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒ?
03:28
And I applied for the banking license to Reserve Bank of India.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 인도 쀑앙은행에 은행 사업을 λ“±λ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
03:38
No, it was not an easy task.
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λ¬Όλ‘ , μ‰½μ§€λ§Œμ€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
03:41
Our license was rejected --
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사업 등둝은 κ±°μ ˆλ‹Ήν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:43
(Laughter)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
03:45
on the grounds --
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κ·Έ μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œμš”.
03:46
Reserve Bank said that we cannot issue a license
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쀑앙은행은 κΈ€ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 고객을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ”
03:49
to the bank whose promoting members who are nonliterate.
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은행 등둝을 ν—ˆκ°€ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:53
I was terrified.
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μ €λŠ” λ¬΄μ„œμ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
I was crying.
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μšΈμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
And by coming back home,
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μ§‘μœΌλ‘œ μ˜€λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
03:58
I was continuously crying.
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계속 μšΈμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
I told Kantabai and other women
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 글을 λͺ¨λ₯΄λ‹ˆ ν—ˆκ°€λ₯Ό λͺ» λ°›μ•˜λ‹€κ³ 
04:02
that we couldn't get the license because our women are nonliterate.
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칸타바이와 λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ „ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
Our women said, "Stop crying.
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그뢄듀이 κ·ΈλŸ¬λ”κ΅°μš”. "그만 μš°μ„Έμš”.
04:10
We will learn to read and write
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읽고 μ“°λŠ” κ±Έ λ°°μ›Œμ„œ
04:12
and apply again, so what?"
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λ‹€μ‹œ μ§€μ›ν•˜λ©΄ λ˜μ§€, 뭐가 λ¬Έμ œμ˜ˆμš”?"
04:14
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
04:21
We started our literacy classes.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 읽기 μ“°κΈ° μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
Every day our women would come.
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맀일 그뢄듀이 μˆ˜μ—… λ“€μœΌλŸ¬ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
They were so determined that after working the whole day,
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ν•˜λ£¨ 쒅일 μΌν•œ 후에
04:30
they would come to the class and learn to read and write.
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μˆ˜μ—…λ“€μœΌλŸ¬ μ™€μ„œ 읽기, μ“°κΈ°λ₯Ό 배울 μ •λ„λ‘œ μ—΄μ •μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
After five months,
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5κ°œμ›” 후에
04:35
we applied again,
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λ‹€μ‹œ μ‹ μ²­ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
04:36
but this time I didn't go alone.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—” μ € 혼자 가지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
Fifteen women accompanied me to Reserve Bank of India.
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μ—¬μ„± 15λͺ…κ³Ό 같이 인도 쀑앙은행에 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
Our women told the officer of Reserve Bank,
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그듀이 은행 μ§μ›μ—κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
"You rejected the license because we cannot read and write.
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"μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 읽고 쓰지 λͺ»ν•œλ‹€κ³  당신이 ν—ˆκ°€λ₯Ό μ•ˆ λ‚΄μ€¬μ–΄μš”.
04:51
You rejected the license because we are nonliterate."
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΈ€ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€κ³  κ±°μ ˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”."
04:55
But they said, "There were no schools when we were growing,
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"μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μžλž„ 땐 학ꡐ가 μ—†μ–΄μ„œ
04:57
so we are not responsible for our noneducation."
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ꡐ윑 λͺ» 받은 건 저희 μ±…μž„μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”."
05:01
And they said, "We cannot read and write,
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"μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 읽고 쓰진 λͺ» ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
05:04
but we can count."
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숫자 μ…€ 순 μžˆμ–΄μš”."
05:05
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:07
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
05:09
And they challenged the officer.
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그리고 그뢄듀은 μ§μ›μ—κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
"Then tell us to calculate the interest of any principal amount."
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"저희보고 아무 μ›κΈˆμ˜ 이자λ₯Ό κ³„μ‚°ν•˜λΌ ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”."
05:16
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:17
"If we are unable to do it,
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"저희가 λͺ» ν•˜λ©΄
05:19
don't give us license.
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사업 ν—ˆκ°€ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
05:21
Tell your officers to do it without a calculator
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λ‹Ήμ‹  μ§μ›λ“€μ—κ²Œ 계산기 없이 ν•΄μ„œ
05:25
and see who can calculate faster."
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λˆ„κ°€ 더 빨리 κ³„μ‚°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ΄μš”."
05:27
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
05:33
Needless to say,
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말할 ν•„μš”λ„ 없이
05:35
we got the banking license.
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은행 ν—ˆκ°€λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:38
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
05:42
Today, more than 100,000 women are banking with us
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  10만 λͺ… 이상 여성듀이 저희 고객듀이고
05:46
and we have more than 20 million dollars of capital.
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저희 은행은 220μ–΅ 원 μ΄μƒμ˜ μžλ³Έμ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
This is all women's savings,
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이 λˆμ€ μ „λΆ€ 여성듀이 μ €κΈˆν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μž
05:52
women capital,
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μ—¬μ„± 자본이고
05:54
no outside investors asking for a business plan.
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μ–΄λŠ μ™ΈλΆ€ νˆ¬μžμžμ™€λ„ 거래λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
No.
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μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œμš”.
05:58
It's our own rural women's savings.
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우리 μ‹œκ³¨ μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ˜ λˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
06:08
I also want to say that yes,
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μ „ν•˜κ³  싢은 말이 또 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
06:10
after we got the license,
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저희가 은행 ν—ˆκ°€λ°›μ€ 후에
06:12
today Kantabai has her own house
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μΉΈνƒ€λ°”μ΄λŠ” λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ 집을 μ†Œμœ ν•˜κ³ 
06:15
and is staying with her family
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자기 μ§‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μ‘±λ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
in her own house for herself and her family.
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06:20
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
06:26
When we started our banking operations,
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은행 μ˜μ—…μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ 
06:28
I could see that our women were not able to come to the bank
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고객이 은행에 였렀면 κ²°κ·Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ‹ˆ
06:31
because they used to lose the working day.
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은행에 λͺ» μ˜¨λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
I thought if women are not coming to the bank,
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고객이 은행에 올 수 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄
06:36
bank will go to them,
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은행이 κ³ κ°μ—κ²Œ κ°„λ‹€λ©΄ λœλ‹€ μƒκ°ν–ˆκ³ 
06:38
and we started doorstep banking.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ°©λ¬Έ 은행을 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
Recently, we starting digital banking.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” 디지털 방식을 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:44
Digital banking required to remember a PIN number.
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디지털 방식을 ν•˜λ €λ©΄ λΉ„λ°€λ²ˆν˜Έλ₯Ό μ™Έμ›Œμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
Our women said, "We don't want a PIN number.
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고객듀은 "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ„λ°€λ²ˆν˜Έλ‘œ ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•Šμ•„μš”.
06:51
That's not a good idea."
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"그건 쒋은 생각이 μ•„λ‹Œ κ±° κ°™μ•„μš”."라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
And we tried to explain to them
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λΉ„λ°€λ²ˆν˜Έ μ™Έμ›Œμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³ 
06:54
that maybe you should remember the PIN number;
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ™ΈμšΈ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 도와주겠닀고
06:57
we will help you to remember the PIN number.
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κ³ κ°λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λ € ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
They were firm.
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그듀은 λ‹¨ν˜Έν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:00
They said, "suggest something else,"
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"λΉ„λ°€λ²ˆν˜Έ 말고 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ±° λ§ν•΄λ΄μš”."
07:02
and they --
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그듀은...
07:04
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
07:06
and they said, "What about thumb?"
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그듀은 "엄지손가락 μ–΄λ•Œμš”?"라고 λ¬Όμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:10
I thought that's a great idea.
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 방법이라 μƒκ°ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
07:12
We'll link that digital banking with biometric,
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디지털 방식에 생체 인식을 μ μš©ν•΄μ„œ
07:16
and now women use the digital financial transaction
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이제 고객듀은 μ—„μ§€μ†κ°€λ½μœΌλ‘œ
07:19
by using the thumb.
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μ „μž μƒκ±°λž˜λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
And you know what they said?
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고객듀이 뭐라 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•„μ„Έμš”?
07:24
They said, "Anybody can steal my PIN number
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"λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ λ‚΄ λΉ„λ°€λ²ˆν˜Έλ₯Ό 훔쳐
07:26
and take away my hard-earned money,
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νž˜λ“€κ²Œ 일해 번 λˆμ„ κ°€μ Έκ°ˆ 순 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
07:28
but nobody can steal my thumb."
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ λ‚΄ 엄지λ₯Ό ν›”μΉ  순 μ—†μ–΄μš”."
07:30
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
07:34
That reinforced the teaching which I have always learned from women:
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κ·Έλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 배울 게 또 λŠ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
never provide poor solutions to poor people.
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κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ ˆλŒ€ ν—ˆμ ‘ν•œ 해결책을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°.
07:43
They are smart.
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그듀은 λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
07:53
A few months later,
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λͺ‡ 달 ν›„
07:55
another woman came to the bank --
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μΌ€λΌλ°”μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 여성이
07:57
Kerabai.
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저희 은행에 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
She mortgaged her gold and took the loan.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κΈˆμ„ λ‹΄λ³΄λ‘œ λŒ€μΆœμ„ λ°›μœΌλ € ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
I asked Kerabai, "Why are you mortgaging your precious jewelry
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μΌ€λΌλ°”μ΄μ—κ²Œ "μ™œ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ†Œμ€‘ν•œ κΈˆμ„ λ‹΄λ³΄λ‘œ
08:06
and taking a loan?"
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λŒ€μΆœμ„ λ°›μœΌλ € ν•΄μš”?"ν•˜κ³  λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
Kerabai said, "Don't you realize that it's a terrible drought?
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"μ§€κΈˆ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 가뭄인 κ±° λͺ¨λ₯΄μ„Έμš”?
08:12
There's no food or fodder for the animals.
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μ‹λŸ‰λ„ μ—†κ³  κ°€μΆ• μ‚¬λ£Œλ„ μ—†κ³ 
08:16
No water.
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물도 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
08:17
I'm mortgaging gold to buy food and fodder for my animals."
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κΈˆμ„ λ‹΄λ³΄λ‘œ μ‹λŸ‰ν•˜κ³  κ°€μΆ• μ‚¬λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬λ €κ³ μš”."
08:21
And then she asks me, "Can I mortgage gold and get water?"
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 제게 λ‹€μ‹œ λ¬»λ”κ΅°μš”. "금 λ‹΄λ³΄λ‘œ λ¬Ό μ’€ 얻을 수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?"
08:26
I had no answer.
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μ €λŠ” λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
Kerabai challenged me: "You're working in the village
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μΌ€λΌλ°”μ΄λŠ” 제게 λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μ—¬μ„±λ“€κ³Ό κ·Έ μ—¬μ„±λ“€μ˜ μžλ³Έμ„ μœ„ν•΄
08:32
with women and finance,
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당신이 이 λ§ˆμ„μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ”λ°
08:33
but what if one day there's no water?
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μ–΄λŠ λ‚  물이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄μš”?
08:37
If you leave this village,
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당신이 이 λ§ˆμ„μ„ λ– λ‚˜λ©΄
08:38
with whom are you going to do banking?"
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 은행 업무λ₯Ό ν•  κ±΄κ°€μš”?"
08:41
Kerabai had a valid question,
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
so in this drought,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ°€λ­„ κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ
08:45
we decided to start the cattle camp in the area.
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저희 지역에 μ†Œ 좕사λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
It's where farmers can bring their animals to one place
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농뢀듀이 가좕듀을 ν•œκ³³μ— 데렀와
08:53
and get fodder and water.
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μ‚¬λ£Œμ™€ 물을 λ¨Ήμ΄λŠ” κ³³μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
It didn't rain.
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λΉ„λŠ” 내리지 μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
08:58
Cattle camp was extended for 18 months.
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μ†Œ 좕사λ₯Ό 18κ°œμ›” 더 μœ μ§€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
Kerabai used to move around in the cattle camp
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μΌ€λΌλ°”μ΄λŠ” μ†Œ 좕사λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©°
09:05
and sing the songs of encouragement.
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κ²©λ €ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό λΆ€λ₯΄κ³€ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
Kerabai became very popular.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 점점 유λͺ…해지기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:10
It rained and cattle camp was ended,
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λΉ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ € μ†Œ 좕사λ₯Ό μ² κ±°ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
09:14
but after cattle camp ended,
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μ² κ±° 후에
09:16
Kerabai came to our radio --
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μΌ€λΌλ°”μ΄λŠ” 청취자 10만 이상 μžˆλŠ”
09:18
we have community radio
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저희 지역 λΌλ””μ˜€ 방솑ꡭ에 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
which has more than 100,000 listeners.
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09:23
She said, "I want to have a regular show on the radio."
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ "λΌλ””μ˜€μ— κ³ μ •μœΌλ‘œ μΆœν˜„ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”"라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
Our radio manager said, "Kerabai, you cannot read and write.
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저희 λΌλ””μ˜€ λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžκ°€ "케라바이 씨, 당신은 글을 읽고 μ“Έ 쀄 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
How will you write the script?"
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근데 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λŒ€λ³Έμ„ μ“°μ‹œκ²Œμš”?" 라고 λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
You know what she replied?
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 뭐라 λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•„μ„Έμš”?
09:36
"I cannot read and write,
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"μ €λŠ” 읽고 μ“Έ 쀄 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
09:38
but I can sing.
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λ…Έλž˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
What's the big deal?"
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뭐가 문제죠?"
09:40
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:42
And today,
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그리고 ν˜„μž¬
09:43
Kerabai is doing a regular radio program,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λΌλ””μ˜€ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ— κ³ μ • μΆœμ—°ν•˜κ³ 
09:47
and not only that,
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그뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
09:48
she's become a famous radio jockey
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유λͺ…ν•œ λΌλ””μ˜€ λ””μ œμ΄κ°€ λΌμ„œ
09:51
and she has been invited by all of the radios,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ λ°©μ†‘κ΅­λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ„­μ™Έκ°€ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
even from Mumbai.
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심지어 λ­„λ°”μ΄μ—μ„œλ„μš”.
09:55
She gets the invitation and she does the show.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ„­μ™Έκ°€ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€κ³  ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:04
Kerabai has become a local celebrity.
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μΌ€λΌλ°”μ΄λŠ” 지역 인사가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
One day I asked Kerabai,
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μ–΄λŠ λ‚  μΌ€λΌλ°”μ΄μ—κ²Œ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
"How did you end up singing?"
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"μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ‹€ λ…Έλž˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”?"
10:11
She said, "Shall I tell you the real fact?
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"μ‚¬μ‹€λŒ€λ‘œ λ§ν•΄λ“œλ¦΄κΉŒμš”?
10:14
When I was pregnant with my first child,
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μ œκ°€ 첫 μ•„κΈ°λ₯Ό μž„μ‹ ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
10:17
I was always hungry.
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항상 λ°°κ°€ κ³ νŒ μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:19
I did not have enough food to eat.
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λ¨Ήμ„λ§Œν•œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μŒμ‹μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
10:21
I did not have enough money to buy food,
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μŒμ‹μ„ μ‚΄λ§Œν•œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ λˆλ„ μ—†μ–΄μ„œ
10:24
and so to forget my hunger, I started singing."
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배고픔을 잊으렀 λ…Έλž˜ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”."
10:28
So strong and wise, no?
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κ΅³μ„Έκ³  μ§€ν˜œλ‘­μ§€ μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?
10:32
I always think that our women overcome so many obstacles --
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저희 여성듀이 항상 문화적, μ‚¬νšŒμ , μž¬μ •μ  κ³ λ‚œμ„
10:36
cultural, social, financial --
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극볡해왔고
10:39
and they find out their ways.
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κ·Έλ“€λ§Œμ˜ 방법을 μ°Ύμ•„μ™”λ‹€ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:43
I would like to share another story:
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€λ €λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
Sunita Kamble.
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μˆ˜λ‹ˆνƒ€ μΊ„λΈŒλ¦¬μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
10:47
She has taken a course in a business school,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 경영 λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ— λ‹€λ…”κ³ 
10:51
and she has become a veterinary doctor.
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μˆ˜μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:54
She's Dalit;
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ΅œν•˜μΈ΅ κ³„κΈ‰μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
she comes from an untouchable caste,
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λΆˆκ°€μ΄‰μ²œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ
10:57
but she does artificial insemination in goats.
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μ—Όμ†Œλ₯Ό 인곡 μˆ˜μ •ν•˜λŠ” 일을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
It is a very male-dominated profession
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κ·Έ 일은 거의 남성듀이 ν•˜λŠ” 일이고
11:04
and it is all the more difficult for Sunita
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μˆ˜λ‹ˆνƒ€λŠ” λΆˆκ°€μ΄‰μ²œλ―Όμ΄λΌ
11:06
because Sunita comes from an untouchable caste.
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그녀에겐 λ”μš± 더 νž˜λ“  μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:09
But she worked very hard.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„μ£Ό μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
She did successful goat deliveries in the region
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ—Όμ†Œ λΆ„λ§Œμ— 성곡해
11:15
and she became a famous goat doctor.
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유λͺ…ν•œ μ—Όμ†Œ μˆ˜μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
Recently, she got a national award.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ—” λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μ£ΌλŠ” 상을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
I went to Sunita's house to celebrate --
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μˆ˜λ‹ˆνƒ€λ₯Ό μΆ•ν•˜ν•˜λ €κ³ 
11:25
to congratulate her.
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κ·Έλ…€ 집에 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
When I entered the village,
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λ§ˆμ„ μž…κ΅¬μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ λ•Œ
11:28
I saw a big cutout of Sunita.
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μˆ˜λ‹ˆνƒ€κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 큰 ν˜„μˆ˜λ§‰μ„ λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
Sunita was smiling on that picture.
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μˆ˜λ‹ˆνƒ€λŠ” κ·Έ μ‚¬μ§„μ—μ„œ 웃고 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:33
I was really surprised to see an untouchable,
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μ΄Œλ½μ—μ„œ 온 λΆˆκ°€μ΄‰μ²œλ―Όμ˜ 큰 ν˜„μˆ˜λ§‰μ΄
11:36
coming from the village,
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λ§ˆμ„ μž…κ΅¬μ— κ±Έλ €μžˆλŠ” κ±Έ λ΄μ„œ
11:38
having a big cutout at the entrance of the village.
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μ•„μ£Ό λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:41
When I went to her house,
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 집에 듀어갔을 땐
11:43
I was even more amazed
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더 λ†€λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:45
because upper caste leaders --
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 카슀트 μƒμœ„ 계측 남성이
11:47
men -- were sitting in the house, in her house,
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κ·Έλ…€ 집에 앉아 차와 물을 λ§ˆμ‹œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
11:50
and having chai and water,
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그런 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ€ μΈλ„μ—μ„œ
11:53
which is very rare in India.
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μ•„μ£Ό ν”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:55
Upper caste leaders do not go to an untouchable's house
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μƒμœ„ 계측 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λΆˆκ°€μ΄‰μ²œλ―Ό 집에 κ°€μ„œ
11:57
and have chai or water.
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μ°¨λ‚˜ 물을 λ§ˆμ‹œμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
And they were requesting her
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그리고 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μˆ˜λ‹ˆνƒ€μ—κ²Œ
12:01
to come and address the gathering of the village.
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λ§ˆμ„ λͺ¨μž„에 μ™€μ„œ μ—°μ„€ν•΄μ£ΌκΈ°λ₯Ό λΆ€νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:05
Sunita broke centuries-old caste conditioning in India.
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μˆ˜λ‹ˆνƒ€λŠ” μΈλ„μ—μ„œ λͺ‡ μ„ΈκΈ°λ‚˜ 이어진 카슀트 μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ—†μ•€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:11
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:17
Let me come to what the younger generations do.
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μ Šμ€ μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€ ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€λ €λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:21
As I'm standing here --
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λ§Œλ°μ‰¬μ—μ„œ λ°΄μΏ λ²„κΉŒμ§€
12:22
I'm so proud as I stand here,
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이 μžλ¦¬μ— 와 μ„œμžˆκ²Œ λ˜μ–΄
12:25
from Mhaswad to Vancouver.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ˜κ΄‘μŠ€λŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
Back home, Sarita Bhise --
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제 λ§ˆμ„μ— μ‚¬λŠ” 사리타 λΈŒνžˆμ‹œλŠ”
12:31
she's not even 16 years old.
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16살도 채 μ•ˆ 된 μ†Œλ…€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:34
She's preparing herself --
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ—¬λŸ¬λͺ¨λ‘œ μ€€λΉ„ μ€‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:36
she's a part of our sports program,
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저희 슀포츠 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μΈ
12:38
Champions' program.
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μ„ μˆ˜κΆŒ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ— μ†ν•΄μžˆκ³ 
12:40
She's preparing herself to represent India in field hockey.
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인도 ν•„λ“œν•˜ν‚€ κ΅­κ°€λŒ€ν‘œκ°€ 되렀 μ€€λΉ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
And you know where she's going?
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 곧 μ–΄λ””λ₯Ό κ°ˆμ§€ μ•„μ„Έμš”?
12:47
She's going to represent in 2020 Olympics, Tokyo.
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2020λ…„ λ„μΏ„μ˜¬λ¦Όν”½μ— λ‚˜κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:52
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:58
Sarita comes from a very poor shepherd community.
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μ‚¬λ¦¬νƒ€λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ–‘μΉ˜κΈ° λ§ˆμ„μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:01
I am just -- I couldn't be more proud of her.
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
There are millions of women like Sarita, Kerabai, Sunita,
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μ‚¬λ¦¬νƒ€λ‚˜ 케라바이, μˆ˜λ‹ˆνƒ€ 같은 μ—¬μ„± 수백만이
13:11
who can be around you also.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ£Όμœ„μ—λ„ μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
They can be all over the world,
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μ „ 세계 곳곳에 μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ”λ°
13:15
but at first glance you may think that they do not have anything to say,
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μ–Έλœ» λ³΄κΈ°μ—λŠ” 그듀은 ν•  말이 μ—†κ³ 
13:20
they do not have anything to share.
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μ–˜κΈ°ν• κ²Œ μ—†λ‹€κ³  생각할지 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:22
You would be so wrong.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 잘λͺ» μƒκ°ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
I am so lucky that I'm working with these women.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—¬μ„±λ“€κ³Ό μΌν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ μ•„μ£Ό 운이 μ’‹λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
They are sharing their stories with me,
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그듀은 저와 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„κ³ 
13:31
they are sharing their wisdom with me,
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μ§€ν˜œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όλ‹ˆ
13:33
and I'm just lucky to be with them.
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κ·Έλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜λΌ 운이 μ’‹λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:38
20 years before --
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20λ…„ 전에
13:40
and I'm so proud --
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인도 쀑앙은행에 κ°€μ„œ
13:42
we went to Reserve Bank of India
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첫 μ—¬μ„± 지방 은행을 μ—° 게
13:44
and we set up the first rural women's bank.
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μ•„μ£Ό μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
Today they are pushing me to go to National Stock Exchange
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κ·Έ 여성뢄듀은 μš”μ¦˜ 저보고 ꡭ립 증ꢌ κ±°λž˜μ†Œλ‘œ κ°€μ„œ
13:51
to set up the first fund dedicated to micro rural women entrepreneurs.
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μž‘μ€ 지방 μ—¬μ„± 기업인을 μœ„ν•œ 첫 κΈ°κΈˆμ„ μ„€λ¦½ν•˜λΌκ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:57
They are pushing me to set up
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저보고 세계에 첫 번째 μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ μž¬μ • μ—¬μ„± 은행을 열라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:00
the first small finance women's bank in the world.
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14:04
And as one of them said,
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κ·ΈλΆ„λ“€ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이
14:06
"My courage is my capital."
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"제 μš©κΈ°κ°€ 제 μžμ‚°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€." 라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
And I say here,
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이 μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:10
their courage is my capital.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μš©κΈ°κ°€ 제 μžμ‚°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:13
And if you want,
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ μ›ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
14:15
it can be yours also.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μžμ‚°μ΄ 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:18
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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