How human noise affects ocean habitats | Kate Stafford

89,391 views ใƒป 2017-06-05

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Whayoung Cha ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
In 1956, a documentary by Jacques Cousteau won
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1956๋…„, ์žํฌ ์ฟ ์Šคํ† ๋Š” ํ•œ ํŽธ์˜ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ
00:17
both the Palme d'Or and an Oscar award.
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ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ์ข…๋ ค์ƒ๊ณผ ์˜ค์Šค์นด์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
This film was called, "Le Monde Du Silence,"
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๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ "Le Monde Du Silence,"
00:23
or, "The Silent World."
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๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋ฉด, "์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
The premise of the title was that the underwater world was a quiet world.
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์ด ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ '๋ฐ”๋‹ท์† ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
We now know, 60 years later,
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60๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ
00:34
that the underwater world is anything but silent.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ท์† ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Although the sounds are inaudible above water
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๋น„๋ก ๋ฌผ ์œ„์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
00:41
depending on where you are and the time of year,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฐ์ค‘ ์–ธ์ œ, ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
00:44
the underwater soundscape can be as noisy as any jungle or rainforest.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ท์† ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„(์†Œ๋ฆฌํ’๊ฒฝ)๋Š” ์ •๊ธ€์ด๋‚˜ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Invertebrates like snapping shrimp, fish and marine mammals
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๋”ฑ์ด์ƒˆ์šฐ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™์ถ”๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด์–‘ ํฌ์œ ๋™๋ฌผ์€
00:56
all use sound.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
They use sound to study their habitat,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:01
to keep in communication with each other,
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:03
to navigate,
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๋˜ ํ•ญํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:04
to detect predators and prey.
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ํฌ์‹์ž์™€ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
They also use sound by listening to know something about their environment.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Take, for an example, the Arctic.
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๋ถ๊ทน์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
01:15
It's considered a vast, inhospitable place,
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๋ถ๊ทน์€ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
sometimes described as a desert,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
01:21
because it is so cold and so remote
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ถฅ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ฉฐ
01:24
and ice-covered for much of the year.
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ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์—ฌ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
And despite this,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
01:28
there is no place on Earth that I would rather be than the Arctic,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณณ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ๊ทน์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
especially as days lengthen and spring comes.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ด„์ด ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฉด์š”.
01:37
To me, the Arctic really embodies this disconnect
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ถ๊ทน์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
01:41
between what we see on the surface and what's going on underwater.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ท์†์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
You can look out across the ice -- all white and blue and cold --
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์–ผ์Œ์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด, ์˜จํ†ต ํฌ๊ณ  ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ถ”์šธ ๋ฟ
01:53
and see nothing.
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
But if you could hear underwater,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ท์† ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:58
the sounds you would hear would at first amaze
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ์šฐ์„  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋†€๋ž„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
02:01
and then delight you.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
And while your eyes are seeing nothing for kilometers but ice,
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๋ช‡ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ์–ผ์Œ ์™ธ์—” ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋•Œ๋„
02:07
your ears are telling you that out there are bowhead and beluga whales,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ท€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ์ˆ˜์—ผ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€ ํฐ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
02:13
walrus and bearded seals.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ„ฑ์ˆ˜์—ผ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฌผ๋ฒ”์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
The ice, too, makes sounds.
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์–ผ์Œ๋„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
It screeches and cracks and pops and groans,
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๋ผ์ต ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ๊ธˆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ํŽ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋„์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
as it collides and rubs when temperature or currents or winds change.
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์˜จ๋„๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋ฅ˜, ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฉด ์–ผ์Œ์€ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
And under 100 percent sea ice in the dead of winter,
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ํ•œ ๊ฒจ์šธ 100% ํ•ด๋น™ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ
02:32
bowhead whales are singing.
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์ˆ˜์—ผ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
And you would never expect that,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
because we humans,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์€
02:40
we tend to be very visual animals.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์—๋งŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:43
For most of us, but not all,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š”
02:46
our sense of sight is how we navigate our world.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ๊ณง ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .
02:49
For marine mammals that live underwater,
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ํ™”ํ•™์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ๋น›์ด ์ž˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
02:52
where chemical cues and light transmit poorly,
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ํ•ด์ €์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
02:56
sound is the sense by which they see.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
And sound transmits very well underwater,
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์ฃ .
03:02
much better than it does in air,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
so signals can be heard over great distances.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
In the Arctic, this is especially important,
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๋ถ๊ทน์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
03:11
because not only do Arctic marine mammals have to hear each other,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ํ•ด์–‘ํฌ์œ ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:15
but they also have to listen for cues in the environment
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์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
that might indicate heavy ice ahead or open water.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์–ผ์Œ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ฐœ๋น™๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„์š”.
03:22
Remember, although they spend most of their lives underwater,
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๋น„๋ก ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ์„ ๋ฌผ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„
03:26
they are mammals,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฌ์œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ 
03:27
and so they have to surface to breathe.
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ํ˜ธํก์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™€์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
So they might listen for thin ice or no ice,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ์Œ์ด ์–†์€ ์ƒํƒœ, ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ
03:34
or listen for echoes off nearby ice.
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์–ผ์Œ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์˜ ์šธ๋ฆผ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Arctic marine mammals live in a rich and varied underwater soundscape.
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๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ํ•ด์–‘ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด์ € ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
In the spring,
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๋ด„์— ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด
03:45
it can be a cacophony of sound.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ถˆํ˜‘ํ™”์Œ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
(Marine mammal sounds)
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(์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•ด์–‘ ํฌ์œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
04:04
But when the ice is frozen solid,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ผ์Œ์ด ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋ฉด
04:07
and there are no big temperature shifts or current changes,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํฐ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋ฅ˜๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด
04:11
the underwater Arctic has some of the lowest ambient noise levels
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๋ฐ”๋‹ท์† ๋ถ๊ทน์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ค‘์—์„œ
04:15
of the world's oceans.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž”์ž”ํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
But this is changing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
This is primarily due to a decrease in seasonal sea ice,
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์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹น๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•œ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
04:23
which is a direct result of human greenhouse gas emissions.
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๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ ํ•ด๋น™์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
We are, in effect, with climate change,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทœ์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:31
conducting a completely uncontrolled experiment with our planet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
Over the past 30 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ
04:37
areas of the Arctic have seen decreases in seasonal sea ice
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๋ถ๊ทน ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ, 6์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋งŽ๊ฒŒ๋Š” 4๊ฐœ์›”๊นŒ์ง€
04:41
from anywhere from six weeks to four months.
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๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ ํ•ด๋น™์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
This decrease in sea ice is sometimes referred to as an increase
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋น™์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข…
04:51
in the open water season.
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๊ฐœ๋น™๊ตฌ์—ญ(open water) ์‹œ์ฆŒ์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
That is the time of year when the Arctic is navigable to vessels.
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์„ ๋ฐ•์ด ์—ฐ์ค‘ ๋ถ๊ทน ๊ณณ๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
And not only is the extent of ice changing,
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์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์–ผ์Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:01
but the age and the width of ice is, too.
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๋‚˜์ด์™€ ๋„ˆ๋น„๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Now, you may well have heard
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
05:06
that a decrease in seasonal sea ice is causing a loss of habitat
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๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ ํ•ด๋น™์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ
05:10
for animals that rely on sea ice,
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๋ฌผ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
05:12
such as ice seals, or walrus, or polar bears.
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ํ•ด๋น™์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
Decreasing sea ice is also causing increased erosion along coastal villages,
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ํ•ด๋น™์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์„์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๋ถ€์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:21
and changing prey availability for marine birds and mammals.
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ํ•ด์–‘ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์™€ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋จน์ด์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Climate change and decreases in sea ice
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€
05:29
are also altering the underwater soundscape of the Arctic.
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๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ํ•ด์ € ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
What do I mean by soundscape?
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์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:37
Those of us who eavesdrop on the oceans for a living
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์ €ํฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ท€๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
05:40
use instruments called hydrophones,
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์ˆ˜์ค‘์ฒญ์Œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:42
which are underwater microphones,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด์ €์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
and we record ambient noise --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์†Œ์Œ์„ ๋…น์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
the noise all around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ์š”.
05:48
And the soundscape describes the different contributors
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„๋Š” ์ด ์†Œ์Œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
05:52
to this noise field.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กด์žฌ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
05:54
What we are hearing on our hydrophones
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์ฒญ์Œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
05:57
are the very real sounds of climate change.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
We are hearing these changes from three fronts:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
from the air,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:06
from the water
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๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:07
and from land.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:10
First: air.
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์šฐ์„ , ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
Wind on water creates waves.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
These waves make bubbles;
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์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ์€ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
06:18
the bubbles break,
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๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์€ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ณ 
06:19
and when they do,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์„œ์งˆ ๋•Œ
06:21
they make noise.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ฃ .
06:22
And this noise is like a hiss or a static in the background.
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์ด ์†Œ์Œ์€ ์‰ฌ์ตํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์žก์Œ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
06:27
In the Arctic, when it's ice-covered,
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๋ถ๊ทน์ด ์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์—ฌ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
06:30
most of the noise from wind doesn't make it into the water column,
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ์Œ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
because the ice acts as a buffer between the atmosphere and the water.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ผ์Œ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์™„์ถฉ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:38
This is one of the reasons
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์†Œ์Œ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์ด
06:40
that the Arctic can have very low ambient noise levels.
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๊ทนํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
But with decreases in seasonal sea ice,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ ํ•ด๋น™์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ
06:47
not only is the Arctic now open to this wave noise,
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๋ถ๊ทน์€ ํŒŒ๋„ ์†Œ์Œ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:52
but the number of storms and the intensity of storms in the Arctic
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ํƒœํ’ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ๊ทธ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋„
06:55
has been increasing.
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์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
All of this is raising noise levels in a previously quiet ocean.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์—๋Š” ์กฐ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ์†Œ์Œ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Second: water.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
With less seasonal sea ice,
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๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ ํ•ด๋น™์ด ์ ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
07:08
subarctic species are moving north,
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์•„(ไบž)๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:10
and taking advantage of the new habitat that is created by more open water.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋น™๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„œ์‹์ง€์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
Now, Arctic whales, like this bowhead,
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์ด ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์€
07:19
they have no dorsal fin,
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๋“ฑ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
because they have evolved to live and swim in ice-covered waters,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์ธ ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:25
and having something sticking off of your back is not very conducive
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“ฑ์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:29
to migrating through ice,
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์–ผ์Œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
07:31
and may, in fact, be excluding animals from the ice.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ์Œ์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ ์š”.
07:35
But now, everywhere we've listened,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ
07:38
we're hearing the sounds of fin whales and humpback whales
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€ ํ˜น๋“ฑ๊ณ ๋ž˜
07:41
and killer whales,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ”๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด
07:42
further and further north,
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๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ
07:45
and later and later in the season.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๋„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
We are hearing, in essence,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:49
an invasion of the Arctic by subarctic species.
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์•„(ไบž)๋ถ๊ทน ์ข…๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ์นจ๋žต์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
And we don't know what this means.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ญ˜ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
07:55
Will there be competition for food between Arctic and subarctic animals?
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๋ถ๊ทน, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„(ไบž)๋ถ๊ทน ๋™๋ฌผ๊ฐ„์— ๋จน์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
08:00
Might these subarctic species introduce diseases or parasites into the Arctic?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„(ไบž)๋ถ๊ทน ์ข…๋“ค์ด ๋ถ๊ทน์— ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์„ ์œ ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:06
And what are the new sounds that they are producing
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์ € ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„์—
08:09
doing to the soundscape underwater?
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:12
And third: land.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋•…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
And by land ...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•…์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
I mean people.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
More open water means increased human use of the Arctic.
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๊ฐœ๋น™๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ๊ทน์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์šฉํ•จ์„ ๋œปํ•˜์ฃ .
08:23
Just this past summer,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—
08:24
a massive cruise ship made its way through the Northwest Passage --
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ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ์„ ์ด ํ•œ ๋•Œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์‚ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€์ƒ๋ฃจํŠธ์˜€๋˜
08:28
the once-mythical route between Europe and the Pacific.
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๋ถ์„œํ•ญ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ญํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
Decreases in sea ice have allowed humans to occupy the Arctic more often.
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ํ•ด๋น™์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ๋ถ๊ทน์„ ์ ์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
It has allowed increases in oil and gas exploration and extraction,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ํƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฑ„๊ตด์„ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์ฃ .
08:44
the potential for commercial shipping,
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์ƒ์—…์šฉ ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์ถœํ˜„๊ณผ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๊ด‘์˜
08:47
as well as increased tourism.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
And we now know that ship noise increases levels of stress hormones in whales
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์†Œ์Œ์ด ๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ 
08:55
and can disrupt feeding behavior.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋จน์ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Air guns, which produce loud, low-frequency "whoomps"
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ํฐ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์˜ ํƒ•ํƒ• ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ด์€
09:03
every 10 to 20 seconds,
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๋งค 10์ดˆ์—์„œ 20์ดˆ ๋งˆ๋‹ค
09:05
changed the swimming and vocal behavior of whales.
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๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
And all of these sound sources are decreasing the acoustic space
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทนํ•ด์–‘ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์ด ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š”
09:14
over which Arctic marine mammals can communicate.
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์Œํ–ฅ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
Now, Arctic marine mammals are used to very high levels of noise
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๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ํ•ด์–‘ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ์ค‘ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”
09:23
at certain times of the year.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์†Œ์Œ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
But this is primarily from other animals or from sea ice,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋น™์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
09:29
and these are the sounds with which they've evolved,
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
and these are sounds that are vital to their very survival.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ฃ .
09:35
These new sounds are loud and they're alien.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ณ , ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์ด์งˆ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
They might impact the environment in ways that we think we understand,
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:44
but also in ways that we don't.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
Remember, sound is the most important sense for these animals.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
And not only is the physical habitat of the Arctic changing rapidly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„œ์‹์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:58
but the acoustic habitat is, too.
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์ฒญ๊ฐ์  ์„œ์‹์ง€๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
It's as if we've plucked these animals up from the quiet countryside
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณจ์—์„œ ๊ฑด์ ธ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
10:04
and dropped them into a big city in the middle of rush hour.
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๋Œ€๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์›Œ์— ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
And they can't escape it.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
10:11
So what can we do now?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:14
We can't decrease wind speeds
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:17
or keep subarctic animals from migrating north,
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์•„(ไบž)๋ถ๊ทน ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
but we can work on local solutions
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ
10:22
to reducing human-caused underwater noise.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ € ์†Œ์Œ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
One of these solutions is to slow down ships
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๊ทน์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•๋“ค์„
10:29
that traverse the Arctic,
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์„œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
because a slower ship is a quieter ship.
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๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์„œํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ์†Œ์Œ๋„ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์ฃ .
10:35
We can restrict access in seasons and regions
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์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์œ , ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ฃผ ์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š”
10:39
that are important for mating or feeding or migrating.
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์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ œํ•œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
We can get smarter about quieting ships
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•๋“ค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
10:47
and find better ways to explore the ocean bottom.
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ํ•ด์ € ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
And the good news is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€
10:53
there are people working on this right now.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
But ultimately,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:59
we humans have to do the hard work
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
11:02
of reversing or at the very least decelerating
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์›์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:06
human-caused atmospheric changes.
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์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
So, let's return to this idea of a silent world underwater.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ํ•ด์ € ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:14
It's entirely possible
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
that many of the whales swimming in the Arctic today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ถ๊ทน์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น ์ˆ˜
11:19
especially long-lived species like the bowhead whale
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆ˜์—ผ๊ณ ๋ž˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด๋ˆ„์ดํŠธ์กฑ๋“ค์ด
11:23
that the Inuits say can live two human lives --
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‘ ๋ช… ๋ชซ์„ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ• ๋งŒํผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ์ข…๋“ค์€
11:27
it's possible that these whales were alive in 1956,
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์žํฌ ์ฟ ์Šคํ† ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ 1956๋…„์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
when Jacques Cousteau made his film.
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11:33
And in retrospect,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
11:35
considering all the noise we are creating in the oceans today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ์Œ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
11:40
perhaps it really was "The Silent World."
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •๋ง "์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„"์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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