How your emotions change the shape of your heart | Sandeep Jauhar

361,437 views ใƒป 2019-10-05

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ohjun Kwon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Changkyun Ahn
00:13
No other organ,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹ ์ฒด๊ธฐ๊ด€๋„
00:14
perhaps no other object in human life,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„
00:18
is as imbued with metaphor and meaning as the human heart.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งŒํผ ๋งŽ์€ ์€์œ ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Over the course of history,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ ์†์—์„œ
00:24
the heart has been a symbol of our emotional lives.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์„œ์  ์‚ถ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
It was considered by many to be the seat of the soul,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์ด์ž
00:32
the repository of the emotions.
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๊ฐ์ •์˜ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
The very word "emotion" stems in part from the French verb "รฉmouvoir,"
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์ด "๊ฐ์ •"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ "รฉmouvoir"์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:42
meaning "to stir up."
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์ด๋Š” "๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋‹ค" ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
And perhaps it's only logical that emotions would be linked to an organ
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ์ •์€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์šด๋™์ด ํŠน์ง•์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
00:48
characterized by its agitated movement.
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด์–ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
But what is this link?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:53
Is it real or purely metaphorical?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ๊นŒ์š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ๋น„์œ ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:57
As a heart specialist,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋กœ์„œ
00:59
I am here today to tell you that this link is very real.
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ์‹ค์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Emotions, you will learn,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ •์ด
01:07
can and do have a direct physical effect on the human heart.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
But before we get into this,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
01:15
let's talk a bit about the metaphorical heart.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:18
The symbolism of the emotional heart endures even today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
If we ask people which image they most associate with love,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
01:28
there's no question that the Valentine heart would the top the list.
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๋ฐœ๋ Œํƒ€์ธ ํ•˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
The heart shape, called a cardioid,
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์นด๋””์˜ค์ด๋“œ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ•˜ํŠธ ๋ชจ์–‘์€
01:36
is common in nature.
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์—๋„ ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
It's found in the leaves, flowers and seeds of many plants,
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์ด ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์žŽ, ๊ฝƒ, ์”จ์•— ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:43
including silphium,
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์‹คํ”ผ์›€๋„ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
which was used for birth control in the Middle Ages
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์‹คํ”ผ์›€์€ ์ค‘์„ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ํ”ผ์ž„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:48
and perhaps is the reason why the heart became associated
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ ํ•˜ํŠธ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ์„น์Šค ๋ฐ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ
01:52
with sex and romantic love.
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๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ด์œ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Whatever the reason,
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—
01:57
hearts began to appear in paintings of lovers in the 13th century.
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ํ•˜ํŠธ ๋ชจ์–‘์€ 13์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:02
Over time, the pictures came to be colored red,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋“ค์€ ์ ์ฐจ ๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์น ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
the color of blood,
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ํ”ผ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด์ž
02:08
a symbol of passion.
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์ •์—ด์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด์ฃ .
02:09
In the Roman Catholic Church,
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๋กœ๋งˆ ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ ๊ตํšŒ์—์„œ
02:11
the heart shape became known as the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
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ํ•˜ํŠธ ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
Adorned with thorns and emitting ethereal light,
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๊ฐ€์‹œ๋กœ ์žฅ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์ฒœ์ƒ์˜ ๋น›์„ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:20
it became an insignia of monastic love.
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์ˆ˜๋„์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํœ˜์žฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:24
This association between the heart and love has withstood modernity.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
When Barney Clark, a retired dentist with end-stage heart failure,
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์€ํ‡ดํ•œ ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋‹ˆ ํด๋ผํฌ๋Š” ๋ง๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:34
received the first permanent artificial heart in Utah in 1982,
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1982๋…„ ์œ ํƒ€์—์„œ ์ฒซ ์˜๊ตฌ์  ์ธ๊ณต์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
02:39
his wife of 39 years reportedly asked the doctors,
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39์„ธ์ธ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
"Will he still be able to love me?"
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"๊ทธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?"
02:48
Today, we know that the heart is not the source of love
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์ •๋“ค์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด
02:52
or the other emotions, per se;
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
the ancients were mistaken.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜๋ชป ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:55
And yet, more and more, we have come to understand
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
that the connection between the heart and the emotions is a highly intimate one.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:03
The heart may not originate our feelings,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
03:06
but it is highly responsive to them.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์€ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
In a sense, a record of our emotional life
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์  ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด
03:11
is written on our hearts.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Fear and grief, for example, can cause profound cardiac injury.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„์• ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…ํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
The nerves that control unconscious processes such as the heartbeat
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ฐ•๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์  ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์€
03:23
can sense distress
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์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ดด๋กœ์›€์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:25
and trigger a maladaptive fight-or-flight response
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๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿยท๋„ํ”ผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
03:30
that triggers blood vessels to constrict,
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
03:33
the heart to gallop
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋›ฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:35
and blood pressure to rise,
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ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:37
resulting in damage.
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์†์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
In other words,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด,
03:41
it is increasingly clear
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด
์ •์„œ์  ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•จ์ด ์ ์  ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
that our hearts are extraordinarily sensitive to our emotional system,
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03:49
to the metaphorical heart, if you will.
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์ฆ‰, ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:52
There is a heart disorder first recognized about two decades ago
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20๋…„ ์ „์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
called "takotsubo cardiomyopathy," or "the broken heart syndrome,"
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"ํƒ€์ฝ”์ˆ˜๋ณด ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๋ณ‘์ฆ" ๋˜๋Š” "์ƒ์‹ฌ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:01
in which the heart acutely weakens in response to intense stress or grief,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋‚˜ ๋น„์• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•ฝํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
such as after a romantic breakup or the death of a loved one.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ์˜ ์ด๋ณ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ ์ดํ›„์—์š”.
04:11
As these pictures show, the grieving heart in the middle
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์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์˜ ๋น„ํ†ตํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ์€
04:15
looks very different than the normal heart on the left.
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์ขŒ์ธก์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
It appears stunned
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
04:20
and frequently balloons into the distinctive shape of a takotsubo,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํŠน์ดํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ’€์–ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
shown on the right,
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ํƒ€์ฝ”์ˆ˜๋ณด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:25
a Japanese pot with a wide base and a narrow neck.
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์•„๋žซ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋„“๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ด ์–‡์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์‹ ๋„์ž๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
04:29
We don't know exactly why this happens,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
and the syndrome usually resolves within a few weeks.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋‚ด์— ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
However, in the acute period,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:37
it can cause heart failure,
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์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:40
life-threatening arrhythmias,
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ์ด๋‚˜
04:42
even death.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์ฃฝ์Œ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
For example, the husband of an elderly patient of mine
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์—ฐ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์ด
04:49
had died recently.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
She was sad, of course, but accepting.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์Šฌํผํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
Maybe even a bit relieved.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์•ˆ๋„ํ–ˆ์„ ์ง€๋„์š”.
04:57
It had been a very long illness; he'd had dementia.
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์˜ค๋žซ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณ‘์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์น˜๋งค๋ฅผ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
But a week after the funeral, she looked at his picture
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์žฅ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š”
05:04
and became tearful.
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๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
And then she developed chest pain, and with it, came shortness of breath,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋‚ด ์ˆจ์ด ๊ฐ€๋น ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
distended neck veins, a sweaty brow,
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๋ชฉ์˜ ์ •๋งฅ์ด ๋ถ“๊ณ  ์ด๋งˆ๋Š” ๋•€์— ์ –์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
a noticeable panting as she was sitting up in a chair --
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์˜์ž์— ์•‰์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆจ์„ ํ—๋–ก๊ฑฐ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
all signs of heart failure.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:23
She was admitted to the hospital,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ๊ณ 
05:25
where an ultrasound confirmed what we already suspected:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์˜์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
her heart had weakened to less than half its normal capacity
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์•ฝํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:36
and had ballooned into the distinctive shape of a takotsubo.
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ํƒ€์ฝ”์ˆ˜๋ณด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ’€์–ด์˜ฌ๋ผ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
But no other tests were amiss,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
no sign of clogged arteries anywhere.
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๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝํ™”์˜ ์ง•ํ›„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:46
Two weeks later, her emotional state had returned to normal
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2์ฃผ ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”๊ณ 
05:50
and so, an ultrasound confirmed,
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์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์—ญ์‹œ
05:55
had her heart.
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์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has been linked to many stressful situations,
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ํƒ€์ฝ”์ˆ˜๋ณด ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๋ณ‘์ฆ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
including public speaking --
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๋Œ€์ค‘ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ...
06:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:16
domestic disputes, gambling losses,
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๊ฐ€์ • ๋ถˆํ™”, ๋„๋ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†์‹ค,
06:20
even a surprise birthday party.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊นœ์ง ์ƒ์ผ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
06:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:23
It's even been associated with widespread social upheaval,
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๋˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฉ๋ณ€๊ณผ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
06:28
such as after a natural disaster.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ž์—ฐ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ํ›„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
06:30
For example, in 2004,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 2004๋…„์—
06:32
a massive earthquake devastated a district on the largest island in Japan.
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์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋Œ€์ง€์ง„์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์„ฌ์˜ ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ํ™ฉํํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
More than 60 people were killed, and thousands were injured.
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60๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:43
On the heels of this catastrophe,
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์ด ์žฌ์•™์ด ์žˆ์€ ์งํ›„
06:45
researchers found that the incidents of takotsubo cardiomyopathy
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ง€์ง„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„
06:50
increased twenty-four-fold in the district one month after the earthquake,
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ํƒ€์ฝ”์ˆ˜๋ณด ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด ์ „๋…„ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ 24๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ
06:56
compared to a similar period the year before.
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๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
The residences of these cases
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์ด ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š”
07:02
closely correlated with the intensity of the tremor.
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์ง€์ง„์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:05
In almost every case, patients lived near the epicenter.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง„์›์ง€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
Interestingly, takotsubo cardiomyopathy has been seen after a happy event, too,
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ํƒ€์ฝ”์ˆ˜๋ณด ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๋ณ‘์ฆ์€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์ผ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
but the heart appears to react differently,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:19
ballooning in the midportion, for example, and not at the apex.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์‹ฌ์žฅ์˜ ๋ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ถ€ํ’€์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Why different emotional precipitants would result in different cardiac changes
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์™œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์ •์  ์š”์ธ์ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ์— ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋Š”
07:29
remains a mystery.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
But today, perhaps as an ode to our ancient philosophers,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ฐฌ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
07:36
we can say that even if emotions are not contained inside our hearts,
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๊ฐ์ •์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹์ง€๋ผ๋„,
07:42
the emotional heart overlaps
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๊ฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์€
๊ทธ์™€ ์Œ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ
07:48
its biological counterpart,
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07:50
in surprising and mysterious ways.
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๋†€๋ž๊ณ ๋„ ์‹ ๋น„์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒน์ณ์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Heart syndromes, including sudden death,
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๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๋ง์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์€
07:58
have long been reported in individuals experiencing intense emotional disturbance
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๊ฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋™์š”๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๊ฒช์€ ์ด๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:03
or turmoil in their metaphorical hearts.
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
In 1942,
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1942๋…„์—
08:09
the Harvard physiologist Walter Cannon published a paper called "'Voodoo' Death,"
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ธ ์›”ํ„ฐ ์บ๋„Œ์€ "์ฃผ์ˆ ์  ์‚ฌ๋ง"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:14
in which he described cases of death from fright
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
in people who believed they had been cursed,
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์ด ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ฃผ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
such as by a witch doctor or as a consequence of eating taboo fruit.
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์ฃผ์ˆ ์‚ฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜น์€ ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์‹œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ผ์„ ๋จน์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:25
In many cases, the victim, all hope lost, dropped dead on the spot.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํฌ๋ง์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ ธ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
What these cases had in common was the victim's absolute belief
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์ด ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ €ํ•ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
08:36
that there was an external force that could cause their demise,
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08:39
and against which they were powerless to fight.
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ํž˜์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:41
This perceived lack of control, Cannon postulated,
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์บ๋„Œ์€ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:45
resulted in an unmitigated physiological response,
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
08:48
in which blood vessels constricted to such a degree
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
that blood volume acutely dropped,
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:56
blood pressure plummeted,
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ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
08:58
the heart acutely weakened,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์•ฝํ™”๋  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:00
and massive organ damage resulted from a lack of transported oxygen.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์†์ƒ์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ดค์ฃ .
09:05
Cannon believed that voodoo deaths
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์บ๋„Œ์€ ์ฃผ์ˆ ์  ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด
09:09
were limited to indigenous or "primitive" people.
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ํ† ์ฐฉ์˜, "์›์‹œ์ ์ธ" ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
But over the years, these types of deaths have been shown to occur
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์€
๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
in all manner of modern people, too.
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09:21
Today, death by grief has been seen in spouses and in siblings.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋น„์• ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฃฝ์Œ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์™€ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
Broken hearts are literally and figuratively deadly.
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'์ƒ์‹ฌ'์€ ๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์œ ์  ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
These associations hold true even for animals.
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
In a fascinating study in 1980 published in the journal "Science,"
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1980๋…„์— "์‚ฌ์ด์–ธ์Šค"์ง€์— ๊ฒŒ์žฌ๋œ ํ•œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
09:42
researchers fed caged rabbits a high-cholesterol diet
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์— ๋“  ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
to study its effect on cardiovascular disease.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
09:50
Surprisingly, they found that some rabbits developed a lot more disease than others,
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
but they couldn't explain why.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:57
The rabbits had very similar diet, environment and genetic makeup.
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ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹๋‹จ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
They thought it might have something to do with
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ
10:06
how frequently the technician interacted with the rabbits.
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ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
So they repeated the study,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:12
dividing the rabbits into two groups.
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ํ† ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ํ›„
10:14
Both groups were fed a high-cholesterol diet.
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๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
But in one group, the rabbits were removed from their cages,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ
10:22
held, petted, talked to, played with,
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์•ˆ์•„์ฃผ๊ณ , ์“ฐ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ , ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ , ๋†€์•„์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
and in the other group, the rabbits remained in their cages
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์—
10:29
and were left alone.
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ํ˜ผ์ž ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋’€์ฃ .
10:31
At one year, on autopsy,
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1๋…„ ์ฐจ ๋•Œ ๋ถ€๊ฒ€์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๋”๋‹ˆ
10:34
the researchers found that the rabbits in the first group,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
10:40
that received human interaction,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ํ† ๋ผ๋“ค์ด
10:42
had 60 percent less aortic disease than rabbits in the other group,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค 60% ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋Œ€๋™๋งฅ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
despite having similar cholesterol levels, blood pressure and heart rate.
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ํ˜ˆ์••, ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:53
Today, the care of the heart has become less the province of philosophers,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์˜ ๋น„์œ ์  ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š˜ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์˜จ
10:59
who dwell upon the heart's metaphorical meanings,
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์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ ์  ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜,
11:04
and more the domain of doctors like me,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•œ ์ง€์œ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
11:08
wielding technologies that even a century ago,
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „๋งŒํ•ด๋„ ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์‹œ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํœ˜๋‘๋ฅด๋Š”
11:11
because of the heart's exalted status in human culture,
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์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
were considered taboo.
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11:16
In the process, the heart has been transformed
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์€ ๋ณ€ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
from an almost supernatural object imbued with metaphor and meaning
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์€์œ ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ–ˆ๋˜, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ดˆ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์—์„œ
11:25
into a machine that can be manipulated and controlled.
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์กฐ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ์š”.
11:31
But this is the key point:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
these manipulations, we now understand,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
must be complemented by attention to the emotional life
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์™”๋˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์  ์‚ถ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
11:41
that the heart, for thousands of years, was believed to contain.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
Consider, for example, the Lifestyle Heart Trial,
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1990๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ ์ €๋„์ธ "๋” ๋žœ์‹ฏ"์— ๊ฒŒ์žฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜
11:49
published in the British journal "The Lancet" in 1990.
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์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:53
Forty-eight patients with moderate or severe coronary disease
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48๋ช…์˜ ์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ฆ์˜ ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ์งˆํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€
11:57
were randomly assigned to usual care
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์ž„์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๋˜๋Š”
12:00
or an intensive lifestyle that included a low-fat vegetarian diet,
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์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ฑ„์‹ ์‹๋‹จ๊ณผ
12:06
moderate aerobic exercise,
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์ ๋‹นํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์šด๋™, ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์›,
12:08
group psychosocial support
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12:09
and stress management advice.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
The researchers found that the lifestyle patients
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
12:16
had a nearly five percent reduction in coronary plaque.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 5%์˜ ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝํ™”๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
Control patients, on the other hand,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€
12:23
had five percent more coronary plaque at one year
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1๋…„ ์ฐจ์— 5% ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ๊ฒฝํ™”๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
12:28
and 28 percent more at five years.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” 5๋…„ ์ฐจ์— 28%๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
They also had nearly double the rate of cardiac events,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
like heart attacks, coronary bypass surgery
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋งˆ๋น„, ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ์šฐํšŒ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑ์ˆ ,
12:38
and cardiac-related deaths.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ๋ง ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„์š”.
12:40
Now, here's an interesting fact:
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
some patients in the control group adopted diet and exercise plans
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹๋‹จ๊ณผ ์šด๋™ ๊ณ„ํš์„
12:48
that were nearly as intense as those in the intensive lifestyle group.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋งŒํผ ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Their heart disease still progressed.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
Diet and exercise alone were not enough to facilitate coronary disease regression.
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์‹๋‹จ๊ณผ ์šด๋™๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
At both one- and five-year follow-ups,
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1๋…„ ๋ฐ 5๋…„ ์ถ”์ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ
13:06
stress management was more strongly correlated
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
13:09
with reversal of coronary disease
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์šด๋™๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
than exercise was.
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13:14
No doubt, this and similar studies are small,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๊ณ 
13:17
and, of course, correlation does not prove causation.
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์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ผญ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
It's certainly possible that stress leads to unhealthy habits,
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ
13:25
and that's the real reason for the increased cardiovascular risk.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
But as with the association of smoking and lung cancer,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํก์—ฐ๊ณผ ํ์•”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
13:32
when so many studies show the same thing,
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๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ 
13:35
and when there are mechanisms to explain a causal relationship,
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์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:38
it seems capricious to deny that one probably exists.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
What many doctors have concluded is what I, too, have learned
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ,
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 20๋…„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
13:47
in my nearly two decades as a heart specialist:
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13:51
the emotional heart intersects with its biological counterpart
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๊ฐ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์Œ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ
13:55
in surprising and mysterious ways.
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๋†€๋ž๊ณ ๋„ ์‹ ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
And yet, medicine today continues to conceptualize the heart as a machine.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์˜ํ•™์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
This conceptualization has had great benefits.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ด์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
Cardiology, my field,
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์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ ์‹ฌ์žฅํ•™์€
14:09
is undoubtedly one of the greatest scientific success stories
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์˜์‹ฌํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€์—†์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
of the past 100 years.
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์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์—์š”.
14:17
Stents, pacemakers, defibrillators, coronary bypass surgery,
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์Šคํ…ํŠธ, ์‹ฌ๋ฐ• ์กฐ์œจ๊ธฐ, ์ œ์„ธ๋™๊ธฐ, ๊ด€์ƒ ๋™๋งฅ ์šฐํšŒ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑ์ˆ , ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ด์‹
14:22
heart transplants --
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14:24
all these things were developed or invented after World War II.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
However, it's possible
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:30
that we are approaching the limits of what scientific medicine can do
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณผํ•™์  ์˜ํ•™์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š”
ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
to combat heart disease.
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14:37
Indeed, the rate of decline of cardiovascular mortality
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์†๋„๋Š”
14:40
has slowed significantly in the past decade.
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
We will need to shift to a new paradigm
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
to continue to make the kind of progress to which we have become accustomed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง„์ „์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
In this paradigm, psychosocial factors will need to be front and center
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์ด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
14:57
in how we think about heart problems.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์ธ์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
This is going to be an uphill battle,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํž˜๊ฒจ์šด ์‹ธ์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
15:02
and it remains a domain that is largely unexplored.
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ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
The American Heart Association still does not list emotional stress
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ฌ์žฅํ˜‘ํšŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ์ •์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ
15:13
as a key modifiable risk factor for heart disease,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
perhaps in part because blood cholesterol is so much easier to lower
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์ด ๊ฐ์ •์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜ผ๋ž€๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ
15:21
than emotional and social disruption.
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๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
15:25
There is a better way, perhaps,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
if we recognize that when we say "a broken heart,"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ "์ƒ์‹ฌ"์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
15:32
we are indeed sometimes talking about a real broken heart.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
15:37
We must, must pay more attention to the power and importance of the emotions
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ ๋Œ๋ด„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
15:44
in taking care of our hearts.
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์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
Emotional stress, I have learned,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š”
15:48
is often a matter of life and death.
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์ข…์ข… ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:53
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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