Romina Libster: The power of herd immunity (with English subtitles) | TED

56,833 views ใƒป 2015-02-25

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Gisela Giardino Reviewer: Romina Pol
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jihyeon J. Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Irene Park
00:12
One of the first patients I had to see as a pediatrician was Sol,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๋œ ์˜ˆ์œ ์•„๊ธฐ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
00:17
a beautiful month-old baby
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00:20
who was admitted with signs of a severe respiratory infection.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Until then, I had never seen a patient worsen so fast.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ดํ‹€ ๋งŒ์— ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•˜๊ณ 
00:28
In just two days she was connected to a respirator
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์‚ผ์ผ ์งธ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚  ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
and on the third day she died.
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00:34
Sol had whooping cough.
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์ ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ผํ•ด์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณ‘์‹ค์—์„œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ๋’ค
00:37
After discussing the case in the room and after a quite distressing catharsis,
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์ˆ˜๋ จ์˜์‚ฌ ํŒ€์žฅ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
I remember my chief resident said to me,
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00:44
"Okay, take a deep breath. Wash your face.
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"์‹ฌํ˜ธํก์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ์ˆ˜ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:48
And now comes the hardest part:
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํž˜๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ด์š”."
00:51
We have to go talk to her parents."
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
At that time, a thousand questions came to mind,
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"ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๋œ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€?"
00:58
from, "How could a one-month-old baby be so unfortunate?"
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"๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?"
01:03
to, "Could we have done something about it?"
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
01:07
Before vaccines existed,
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01:09
many infectious diseases killed millions of people per year.
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๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ์„ธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
1918๋…„ ๋…๊ฐ์œ ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ
01:15
During the 1918 flu pandemic
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5์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
50 million people died.
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01:21
That's greater than Argentina's current population.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์–ด๋ฅด์‹ ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ 1956๋…„ ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜
01:25
Perhaps, the older ones among you remember the polio epidemic
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์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
that occurred in Argentina in 1956.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
At that time, there was no vaccine available against polio.
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01:35
People didn't know what to do. They were going crazy.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ ๋‚œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
They would go painting trees with caustic lime.
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์ƒ์„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์น ์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
01:40
They'd put little bags of camphor
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๋ญ๋ผ๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๊นŒ ์‹ถ์–ด
01:41
in their children's underwear, as if that could do something.
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๊ฐ•์‹ฌ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•„์ด๋“ค ์†์˜ท์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
During the polio epidemic, thousands of people died.
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01:50
And thousands of people were left with very significant neurological damage.
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๋ช…์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์†์ƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฝ์–ด๋ด์„œ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
I know this because I read about it,
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๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ €ํฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ์šด์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:59
because thanks to vaccines, my generation was lucky
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:03
to not live through an epidemic as terrible as this.
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02:05
Vaccines are one of the great successes of the 20th century's public health.
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๊ฑด์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด ์ดํ›„
02:11
After potable water,
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02:13
they are the interventions that have most reduced mortality,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋”
02:16
even more than antibiotics.
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Vaccines eradicated terrible diseases such as smallpox from the planet
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ณ‘์„ ์ข…์‹์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ 
ํ™์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ์ผํ•ด, ์†Œ์•„๋งˆ๋น„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
02:24
and succeeded in significantly reducing mortality
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02:28
due to other diseases such as measles,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„
02:30
whooping cough, polio and many more.
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ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
All these diseases are considered vaccine-preventable diseases.
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02:41
What does this mean?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:43
That they are potentially preventable,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
but in order to be so, something must be done.
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02:49
You need to get vaccinated.
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋งž์•„์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
02:52
I imagine that most, if not all of us here today,
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02:55
received a vaccine at some point in our life.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ฏค ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋งž์•˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ณด์กฐ์ œ๋ฅผ
03:00
Now, I'm not so sure that many of us know
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๋งž์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•„์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
which vaccines or boosters we should receive after adolescence.
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03:10
Have you ever wondered who we are protecting
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋งž์œผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€
03:14
when we vaccinate?
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ๋ณด์‹  ์  ์žˆ์œผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:17
What do I mean by that?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
03:18
Is there any other effect beyond protecting ourselves?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Let me show you something.
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03:27
Imagine for a moment
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์ž ์‹œ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:30
that we are in a city
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ํ™์—ญ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด
03:32
that has never had a case of a particular disease,
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03:35
such as the measles.
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์žˆ์–ด ๋ณธ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
This would mean that no one in the city has ever had contact with the disease.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž์—ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
No one has natural defenses against, nor been vaccinated against measles.
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ํ™์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
03:47
If one day, a person sick with the measles appears in this city
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๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์„œ
03:53
the disease won't find much resistance
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03:56
and will begin spreading from person to person,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:59
and in no time it will disseminate throughout the community.
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋‹ค ํผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
After a certain time
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์–ผ๋งˆ ํ›„์—๋Š”
04:05
a big part of the population will be ill.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•“๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
This happened when there were no vaccines.
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์—†์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
Now, imagine the complete opposite case.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:19
We are in a city
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์—
90ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:21
where more than 90 percent of the population
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04:24
has defenses against the measles, which means
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ํ™์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
๋ณ‘์„ ์•“์•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„์„œ ์ž์—ฐ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:27
that they either had the disease, survived, and developed natural defenses;
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ํ™์—ญ ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
or that they had been immunized against measles.
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚ ,
04:35
If one day,
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04:36
a person sick with the measles appears in this city,
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ํ™์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ์˜ค๋ฉด
04:41
the disease will find much more resistance
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04:44
and won't be transmitted that much from person to person.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋„ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
The spread will probably remain contained
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ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ์ œํ•œ ์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
ํ™์—ญ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
and a measles outbreak won't happen.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:57
I would like you to pay attention to something.
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05:00
People who are vaccinated
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋งž์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
05:03
are not only protecting themselves,
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์ž์‹ ๋งŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
05:06
but by blocking the dissemination of the disease
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰์•„
05:09
within the community,
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05:11
they are indirectly protecting the people in this community
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์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„
๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
who are not vaccinated.
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05:18
They create a kind of protective shield
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ง‰์„ ์ณ์„œ
05:21
which prevents them from coming in contact with the disease,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ
05:24
so that these people are protected.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
This indirect protection
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ ‘์ข…์ž๊ฐ€
05:31
that the unvaccinated people within a community receive
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์ ‘์ข…์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:35
simply by being surrounded by vaccinated people,
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05:39
is called herd immunity.
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์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
05:45
Many people in the community
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05:47
depend almost exclusively on this herd immunity
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฉด์—ญ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ
๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
to be protected against disease.
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05:54
The unvaccinated people you see in infographics are not just hypothetical.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ ‘์ข…์ž๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋งž๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ฆฐ
05:59
Those people are our nieces and nephews, our children,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กฐ์นด๋‚˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
who may be too young to receive their first shots.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ, ํ˜•์ œ,
06:07
They are our parents, our siblings,
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06:09
our acquaintances,
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์ง€์ธ๋“ค๋กœ
06:10
who may have a disease,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:12
or take medication that lowers their defenses.
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๋ฉด์—ญ๋ ฅ์ €ํ•˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณต์šฉ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํŠน์ • ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์— ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
There are also people who are allergic to a particular vaccine.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์ค‘์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
They could even be among us,
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์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด๋„
06:25
any of us who got vaccinated,
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
but the vaccine didn't produce the expected effect,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด 100ํผ์„ผํŠธ ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
because not all vaccines are always 100 percent effective.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์„
06:35
All these people depend almost exclusively on herd immunity
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์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฉด์—ญ์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
to be protected against diseases.
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์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฉด์—ญ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
06:44
To achieve this effect of herd immunity,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
it is necessary that a large percentage of the population be vaccinated.
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06:54
This percentage is called the threshold.
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๊ทธ ์ผ์ •๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
The threshold depends on many variables:
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๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ
07:01
It depends on the germ's characteristics,
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07:03
and those of the immune response that the vaccine generates.
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๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
But they all have something in common.
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์ ‘์ข…๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
07:10
If the percentage of the population in a vaccinated community
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๊ธฐ์ค€์  ์ดํ•˜์ด๋ฉด
07:15
is below this threshold number,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž˜ ํผ์ง€๊ณ 
07:19
the disease will begin to spread more freely
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
and may generate an outbreak of this disease within the community.
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07:27
Even diseases which were at some point controlled may reappear.
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ํ†ต์ œ๋๋˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์žฌ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
This is not just a theory.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ก ์ƒ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
This has happened, and is still happening.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
1998๋…„์— ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€
07:43
In 1998, a British researcher published an article
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์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜ํ•™์ €๋„์—
07:47
in one of the most important medical journals,
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07:50
saying that the MMR vaccine,
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ํ™์—ญ, ์ดํ•˜์„ ์—ผ, ํ’์ง„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
MMR ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ์žํ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
07:53
which is given for measles, mumps and rubella,
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07:55
was associated with autism.
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๊ธ€์„ ์‹ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
This generated an immediate impact.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ‘์ข…์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๋…€๋“ค๋„ ์ ‘์ข…์„ ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
People began to stop getting vaccinated, and stopped vaccinating their children.
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08:05
And what happened?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:07
The number of people vaccinated,
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์ ‘์ข…์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
08:09
in many communities around the world, fell below this threshold.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์„ ๋ฐ‘๋Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
And there were outbreaks of measles in many cities in the world --
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์—์„œ ํ™์—ญ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ์š”.
08:17
in the U.S., in Europe.
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08:19
Many people got sick.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ํ™์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ค
์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
People died of measles.
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08:25
What happened?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:27
This article also generated a huge stir within the medical community.
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์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์˜ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Dozens of researchers began to assess if this was actually true.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ MMR๊ณผ ์žํ์ฆ๊ณผ์˜
08:37
Not only could no one find
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08:40
a causal association between MMR and autism at the population level,
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์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
์ด ๊ธ€์ด ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
but it was also found that this article had incorrect claims.
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08:50
Even more, it was fraudulent.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
It was fraudulent.
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๊ทธ ์ €๋„์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ 2010๋…„์— ๊ธ€์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
In fact, the journal publicly retracted the article in 2010.
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09:04
One of the main concerns and excuses for not getting vaccinated
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์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฃผ๋œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋‚˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
are the adverse effects.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
Vaccines, like other drugs, can have potential adverse effects.
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09:17
Most are mild and temporary.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
But the benefits are always greater than possible complications.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ์œ ์ตํ•จ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
When we are ill, we want to heal fast.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฉด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ซ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ฃ .
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€
09:32
Many of us who are here
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งž๊ณ 
09:34
take antibiotics when we have an infection,
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๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์—๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ œ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:38
we take anti-hypertensives when we have high blood pressure,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
we take cardiac medications.
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์™œ์ฃ ? ์•„ํŒŒ์„œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ซ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:43
Why? Because we are sick and we want to heal fast.
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09:46
And we don't question it much.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
Why is it so difficult to think of preventing diseases,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ
์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด์งธ์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
09:53
by taking care of ourselves when we are healthy?
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:57
We take care of ourselves a lot when affected by an illness,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
or in situations of imminent danger.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
I imagine most of us here,
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10:06
remember the influenza-A pandemic
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2009๋…„์— ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์™€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ Aํ˜• ๋…๊ฐ์„์š”.
10:10
which broke out in 2009 in Argentina and worldwide.
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10:14
When the first cases began to come to light,
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์ตœ์ดˆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
10:17
we, here in Argentina, were entering the winter season.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šธ๋กœ ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
We knew absolutely nothing.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Everything was a mess.
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10:25
People wore masks on the street, ran into pharmacies to buy alcohol gel.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋…์•ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•ฝ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
People would line up in pharmacies to get a vaccine,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋งž์œผ๋Ÿฌ ์•ฝ๊ตญ์— ์ค„์„ ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
without even knowing if it was the right vaccine
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์‹ ์ข… ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ• 
10:36
that would protect them against this new virus.
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๋งž๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ธ์ค„๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ ์ฑ„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
We knew absolutely nothing.
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10:41
At that time, in addition to doing my fellowship at the Infant Foundation,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ €๋Š” ์œ ์•„ํ˜‘ํšŒ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:46
I worked as a home pediatrician for a prepaid medicine company.
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์„ ๋ถˆ ์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ • ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
I remember that I started my shift at 8 a.m.,
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์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:54
and by 8, I already had a list of 50 scheduled visits.
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8์‹œ์ฏค์— ์ด๋ฏธ 50๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
It was chaos; people didn't know what to do.
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11:02
I remember the types of patients that I was examining.
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฐ›๋˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ข€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:07
The patients were a little older than what we were used to seeing in winter,
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์—ด๋„ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
with longer fevers.
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์ œ ํ˜‘ํšŒ ์กฐ์–ธ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋งํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
11:14
And I mentioned that to my fellowship mentor,
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
and he, for his part, had heard the same from a colleague,
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11:21
about the large number of pregnant women
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๋งŽ์€ ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€์™€
11:24
and young adults
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์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด
๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ
11:26
being hospitalized in intensive care,
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11:28
with hard-to-manage clinical profiles.
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์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์— ์ž…์›ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
At that time, we set out to understand what was happening.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
First thing Monday morning, we took the car
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์›”์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์— ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ 
๋ถ€์—๋…ธ์Šค ์•„์ด๋ ˆ์Šค ์ฃผ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
11:42
and went to a hospital in Buenos Aires Province,
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์‹ ์ข… ๋…๊ฐ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํƒ๋ณ‘์›์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
that served as a referral hospital for cases of the new influenza virus.
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๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ”๋”๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ๋ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
We arrived at the hospital; it was crowded.
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11:53
All health staff were dressed in NASA-like bio-safety suits.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์›๋“ค์ด NASA์š”์›๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์•ˆ์ „๋ณต์„ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
We all had face masks in our pockets.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
11:59
I, being a hypochondriac, didn't breathe for two hours.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—ผ๋ ค์ฆ ํ™˜์ž๋ผ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ˆจ์„ ์•ˆ์‰ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
But we could see what was happening.
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12:05
Immediately, we started reaching out to pediatricians
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์™€ ๋ถ€์—๋…ธ์Šค ์•„์ด๋ ˆ์Šค ์ฃผ
์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ ๋ณ‘์› ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
from six hospitals in the city and in Buenos Aires Province.
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12:13
Our main goal was to find out
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์ €ํฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
12:16
how this new virus behaved in contact with our children,
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์‹ ์ข… ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
in the shortest time possible.
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๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์—…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
A marathon work.
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3๊ฐœ์›” ์ด๋‚ด์—
12:26
In less than three months,
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12:29
we could see what effect this new H1N1 virus had
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์‹ ์ข… H1N1๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€
์ž…์›ํ•œ 251๋ช… ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
on the 251 children hospitalized by this virus.
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12:41
We could see which children got more seriously ill:
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์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
12:45
children under four, especially those less than one year old;
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4์‚ด ๋ฏธ๋งŒ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ•œ ์‚ด ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์™€
์‹ ๊ฒฝ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž,
12:49
patients with neurological diseases;
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๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
and young children with chronic pulmonary diseases.
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์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์— ์†ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
Identifying these at-risk groups was important
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13:00
to include them as priority groups
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์ด๋“ค์„ ์šฐ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด์„œ
13:02
in the recommendations for getting the influenza vaccine,
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๋…๊ฐ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:05
not only here in Argentina,
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์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์ด ์•„์ง ํผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
but also in other countries which the pandemic not yet reached.
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13:12
A year later,
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์ผ๋…„ ํ›„์—
13:14
when a vaccine against the pandemic H1N1 virus became available,
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H1N1๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์ง€์ž
13:19
we wanted to see what happened.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
After a huge vaccination campaign
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์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:25
aimed at protecting at-risk groups,
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๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ํ•œ ํ›„
์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž 93ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
13:30
these hospitals, with 93 percent of the at-risk groups vaccinated,
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์ด ๋ณ‘์›์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ช…๋„
13:37
had not hospitalized a single patient
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13:40
for the pandemic H1N1 virus.
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H1N1์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:47
In 2009: 251.
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2009๋…„์—๋Š” 251๋ช…
2010๋…„์—๋Š” 0์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
In 2010: zero.
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13:56
Vaccination is an act of individual responsibility,
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
14:01
but it has a huge collective impact.
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๋งค์šฐ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
If I get vaccinated, not only am I protecting myself,
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:11
but I am also protecting others.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
Sol had whooping cough.
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์ ์€ ๋ฐฑ์ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์•“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ธ๊ณ ,
14:19
Sol was very young,
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1์ฐจ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
and she hadn't yet received her first vaccine against whooping cough.
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์  ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ ‘์ข…์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
14:27
I still wonder what would have happened
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14:30
if everyone around Sol had been vaccinated.
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์–ด๋• ์„์ง€ ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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