Robert Full: Learning from the gecko's tail

50,191 views ・ 2009-06-12

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: kim sarah κ²€ν† : InHyuk Song
00:18
Let me share with you today an original discovery.
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였늘 μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ–΄λ–€ 근본적인 λ°œκ²¬μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
But I want to tell it to you the way it really happened --
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발견 κ·Έ μžμ²΄λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ²Œ 된 과정을 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
not the way I present it in a scientific meeting,
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κ³Όν•™ λͺ¨μž„μ—μ„œ λ°œν‘œν•˜λŠ” 방식도,
00:28
or the way you'd read it in a scientific paper.
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κ³Όν•™ 논문에 κΈ°κ³ ν•˜λŠ” 방식도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
It's a story about beyond biomimetics,
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생체λͺ¨λ°©μ„ λ„˜μ–΄μ„ ,
00:34
to something I'm calling biomutualism.
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μ œκ°€ 생λͺ…κ³΅μƒμ£Όμ˜(biomutualism)라 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
I define that as an association between biology and another discipline,
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μ €λŠ” 생λͺ…κ³΅μƒμ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό 생물과 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•™λ¬Έμ˜ μ—°ν•©μœΌλ‘œ μ •μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
where each discipline reciprocally advances the other,
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κ°œλ³„ 학문이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 학문에 λΉ„ν•΄ λ°œμ „ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
00:44
but where the collective discoveries that emerge are beyond any single field.
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결과둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 집약적인 λ°œκ²¬μ€ μ–΄λŠ ν•œ λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό μ΄ˆμ›”ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
Now, in terms of biomimetics,
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생λͺ…κ³΅μƒμ£Όμ˜μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ,
00:50
as human technologies take on more of the characteristics of nature,
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인간 κΈ°μˆ μ΄λΌλŠ” 것은 μžμ—°μ΄ 가진 μ„±μ§ˆ κ·Έ 이상을 λͺ¨λ°©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λ‹€λ³΄λ‹ˆ
00:53
nature becomes a much more useful teacher.
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μžμ—°μ€ 맀우 μœ μš©ν•œ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
Engineering can be inspired by biology
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생물학이 μš°μ„Έν•  경우
00:58
by using its principles and analogies when they're advantageous,
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곡학은 μƒλ¬Όν•™μ˜ 원리와 μœ μΆ”λ₯Ό 톡해 μ˜κ°μ„ 받을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
but then integrating that with the best human engineering,
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그렇더라도 μ΅œμƒμ˜ 인간곡학과 ν†΅ν•©ν•˜λŠ” 것은
01:04
ultimately to make something actually better than nature.
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κ²°κ΅­ μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” μžμ—°λ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 무언가λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
Now, being a biologist, I was very curious about this.
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μƒλ¬Όν•™μžκ°€ 된 μ €μ—κ²Œ 이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 맀우 관심을 λ„λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
These are gecko toes.
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이것듀은 λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ˜ λ°œκ°€λ½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
And we wondered how they use these bizarre toes
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν¬ν•œν•˜κ²Œ 생긴 발둜
01:16
to climb up a wall so quickly.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그토둝 빨리 벽을 타고 μ˜¬λΌκ°€λŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν•˜μ§€μš”.
01:18
We discovered it. And what we found was
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 방법을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
that they have leaf-like structures on their toes,
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그리고 μ–‘νƒ„μžμ²˜λŸΌ μžμž˜ν•œ 털이 μˆ˜λΆν•˜κ²Œ λ‚œ λ„λ§ˆλ±€ 발이
01:23
with millions of tiny hairs that look like a rug,
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λ‚˜λ­‡μžŽ 같은 λͺ¨μ–‘μ΄λΌλŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
and each of those hairs has the worst case of split-ends possible:
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털은 λŒ€λž΅ 100κ°œμ—μ„œ 1,000κ°€λ‹₯으둜 μ•„μ£Ό μ‹¬ν•˜κ²Œ 갈라져있고,
01:29
about 100 to 1000 split ends that are nano-size.
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λ‚˜λ…Έ ν¬κΈ°μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
And the individual has 2 billion of these nano-size split ends.
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λ°œκ°€λ½λ§ˆλ‹€ λ‚˜λ…Έν¬κΈ°λ‘œ κ°ˆλΌμ§„ ν„Έ 2μ‹­μ–΅ κ°€λ‹₯이 달렀 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
They don't stick by Velcro or suction or glue.
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이 κ°€λ‹₯은 λ²¨ν¬λ‘œλ‚˜ ν‘μž…κΈ°, μ•„κ΅λ‘œ λ‹¬λΌλΆ™λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
They actually stick by intermolecular forces alone,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 반데λ₯΄λ°œμŠ€ μž‘μš©μ΄λΌκ³  ν•˜λŠ”
01:42
van der Waals forces.
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λΆ„μžκ°„ 힘만으둜 κ³ μ •λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
And I'm really pleased to report to you today
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였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 처음으둜
01:46
that the first synthetic self-cleaning, dry adhesive has been made.
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μ™„μ„±λœ μžμ •ν•©μ„±μ²΄, 건쑰접착을 μ†Œκ°œν•˜κ²Œ 된 것은 μ‹€λ‘œ 기쁜 μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
From the simplest version in nature, one branch,
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버클리 λŒ€ν•™μ˜ 곡동 기술자 λ‘  피어링은
01:54
my engineering collaborator, Ron Fearing, at Berkeley,
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κ°€μž₯ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μžμ—° κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ—μ„œ νŒŒμƒν•œ
01:57
had made the first synthetic version.
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졜초의 합성체 λ³€ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
And so has my other incredible collaborator,
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그리고 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ―ΏμŒμ§ν•œ 곡동 μž‘μ—…μž,
02:02
Mark Cutkosky, at Stanford --
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μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œ λŒ€ν•™μ˜ 마크 μ»€μ½”μŠ€ν‚€κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
he made much larger hairs than the gecko,
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λ§ˆν¬λŠ” λ„λ§ˆλ±€λ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 λ§Žμ€ 털을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
02:06
but used the same general principles.
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ˜ 일반적 이둠듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
And here is its first test.
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 처음으둜 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:12
That's Kellar Autumn, my former Ph.D. student,
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 켈러 μ–΄ν…€μœΌλ‘œ, μ „μ—λŠ” μ œκ°€ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λ˜ 박사 κ³Όμ • ν•™μƒμ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
02:14
professor now at Lewis and Clark,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ λ£¨μ΄μŠ€μ™€ 클라크 λŒ€ν•™μ˜ κ΅μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
literally giving his first-born child up for this test.
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말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μΌˆλŸ¬λŠ” 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 첫 아이λ₯Ό λ°”μΉœ μΉœκ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:21
More recently, this happened.
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κ°€μž₯ μ΅œκ·Όμ— μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
Man: This the first time someone has actually climbed with it.
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λ‚¨μž: μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이것을 μ¨μ„œ μ˜¬λΌκ°€λŠ” 것은 μ²˜μŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
Narrator: Lynn Verinsky, a professional climber,
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μ„€λͺ…: μ „λ¬Έ 산악인 λ¦° λ² λ¦°μŠ€ν‚€λŠ”
02:28
who appeared to be brimming with confidence.
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μžμ‹ λ§Œλ§Œν•œ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
Lynn Verinsky: Honestly, it's going to be perfectly safe. It will be perfectly safe.
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λ¦° λ² λ¦°μŠ€ν‚€: μ†”μ§νžˆ λ§ν•΄μ„œ, 100% μ•ˆμ „ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•ˆμ „λ„ 100%λΌκ³ μš”.
02:33
Man: How do you know?
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λ‚¨μž: μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ••λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:35
Lynn Verinsky: Because of liability insurance. (Laughter)
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λ¦° λ² λ¦°μŠ€ν‚€: μ±…μž„λ³΄ν—˜μ— λ“€μ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
02:37
Narrator: With a mattress below and attached to a safety rope,
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μ„€λͺ…: μ•„λž˜λŠ” 맀트리슀λ₯Ό κΉ”κ³  μ•ˆμ „λ‘œν”„λ₯Ό κ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Lynn began her 60-foot ascent.
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린은 60발자ꡭ μ˜¬λΌκ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
Lynn made it to the top in a perfect pairing
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ν—λ¦¬μš°λ“œμ™€ κ³Όν•™μ΄λΌλŠ”
02:45
of Hollywood and science.
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μ™„λ²½ν•œ ν•œ 쌍이 λ§Œλ‚œ κΌ­λŒ€κΈ°μ— μ˜¬λΌκ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
Man: So you're the first human being to officially emulate a gecko.
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λ‚¨μž: 이제 당신은 κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λ„λ§ˆλ±€κ³Ό 겨룬 졜초의 μΈκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
Lynn Verinsky: Ha! Wow. And what a privilege that has been.
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λ¦° λ² λ¦°μŠ€ν‚€: ν—ˆμ–΄! μš°μ™€. λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ λͺ…μ˜ˆλ‘œκ΅°μš”.
02:57
Robert Full: That's what she did on rough surfaces.
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λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ ν’€: 이게 린이 거친 ν‘œλ©΄μ— μ‚¬μš©ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
But she actually used these on smooth surfaces --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν‘œλ©΄μ€ λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μ› κ³ ,
03:01
two of them -- to climb up, and pull herself up.
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λ‘˜ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ μ˜¬λΌκ°€κ³ , 자기 λͺΈμ„ λŒμ–΄μ˜¬λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
And you can try this in the lobby,
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이걸 넓은 λ°©μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λ³΄κ³ 
03:05
and look at the gecko-inspired material.
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λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ—μ„œ μ˜κ°μ„ 받은 물건을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Now the problem with the robots doing this
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이것을 λ‘œλ΄‡μ΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•  경우
03:11
is that they can't get unstuck,
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” λ–¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
with the material.
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λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄κ²°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
This is the gecko's solution. They actually peel their toes away
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λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ€ 벽을 κΈ°μ–΄μ˜¬λΌκ°ˆ λ•Œ
03:18
from the surface, at high rates,
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맀우 λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ
03:20
as they run up the wall.
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λ°œκ°€λ½μ„ λ–Όμ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
Well I'm really excited today to show you
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였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ
03:25
the newest version of a robot, Stickybot,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ³„ν†΅μ˜ 건쑰접착을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ
03:28
using a new hierarchical dry adhesive.
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μ΅œμ‹  λ‘œλ΄‡μΈ μŠ€ν‹°ν‚€λ΄‡(Stickybot)을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ²Œ λΌμ„œ 정말 ν₯λΆ„λ˜λŠ”κ΅°μš”.
03:31
Here is the actual robot.
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μ‹€μ œ λ‘œλ΄‡μ΄ μ—¬κΈ° μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
And here is what it does.
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그리고 λ‘œλ΄‡μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
And if you look,
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λ³΄μ‹œκ²Œ 되면,
03:47
you can see that it uses
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λ‘œλ΄‡μ€ λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ²˜λŸΌ
03:50
the toe peeling,
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λ°œκ°€λ½μ„ λ–Όμ–΄λ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ
03:52
just like the gecko does.
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μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
If we can show some of the video, you can see it climbing up the wall.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μ’€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄ 수 있으면 이 λ‘œλ΄‡μ΄ 벽을 κΈ°μ–΄μ˜€λ₯΄λŠ” 것을 보싀 수 μžˆμ„ ν…λ°μš”.
03:59
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
04:01
There it is.
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μ €λ ‡κ²Œμš”.
04:03
And now it can go on other surfaces because of the new adhesive
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μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œ μ—°κ΅¬νŒ€μ΄ 이 믿을 수 μ—†λŠ” λ‘œλ΄‡μ„ κ³ μ•ˆν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
04:06
that the Stanford group was able to do
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λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ ‘μ°©μ œ 덕뢄에,
04:09
in designing this incredible robot.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν‘œλ©΄μ—μ„œλ„ 올라갈 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
04:15
Oh. One thing I want to point out is, look at Stickybot.
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μ•„, μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 것이 ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆλŠ”λ°, μŠ€ν‹°ν‚€λ΄‡μ„ λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
04:18
You see something on it. It's not just to look like a gecko.
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λ­”κ°€ 있죠. λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ²˜λŸΌ 생기진 μ•Šμ•˜λ„€μš”.
04:22
It has a tail. And just when you think you've figured out nature,
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꼬리가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μžμ—°μ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
04:25
this kind of thing happens.
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이런 λ₯˜μ˜ 일이 μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
The engineers told us, for the climbing robots,
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κΈ°μˆ μžκ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ,
04:29
that, if they don't have a tail,
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λ‘œλ΄‡μ΄ κΈ°μ–΄μ˜¬λΌκ°ˆ λ•Œ 꼬리가 μ—†μœΌλ©΄
04:31
they fall off the wall.
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λ²½μ—μ„œ λ–¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 것이라고 ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
04:33
So what they did was they asked us
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그듀이 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„
04:35
an important question.
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λ˜μ§„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
They said, "Well, it kind of looks like a tail."
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κΈ°μˆ μžλ“€μ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œμŒ, 꼬리 같은 것 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.”
04:41
Even though we put a passive bar there.
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비둝 거기에 움직이지 μ•ŠλŠ” λ§‰λŒ€κΈ°λ₯Ό 단닀 해도 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
"Do animals use their tails when they climb up walls?"
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β€œλ„λ§ˆλ±€μ΄ 벽을 타고 올라갈 λ•Œ 꼬리λ₯Ό μ“°λ‚˜μš”?”
04:46
What they were doing was returning the favor,
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κΈ°μˆ μžλ“€μ΄ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ€ν˜œλ₯Ό λ² ν‘Ό κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:48
by giving us a hypothesis to test,
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미처 μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜
04:51
in biology, that we wouldn't have thought of.
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μƒλ¬Όν•™μ˜ 가섀을 μ œκ³΅ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
04:54
So of course, in reality, we were then panicked,
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그런 λ‹€μŒ, λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜Όλž€μ— λΉ μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
being the biologists, and we should know this already.
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μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ 진즉에 μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν–ˆλ˜ 것이죠.
04:59
We said, "Well, what do tails do?"
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β€œμŒ, 꼬리의 역할이 뭐지?”
05:01
Well we know that tails store fat, for example.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 꼬리에 지방을 μΆ•μ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀은 μ•Œμ§€μš”.
05:04
We know that you can grab onto things with them.
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꼬리둜 λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό μž‘λŠ” 사싀도 μ•Œκ³ μš”.
05:07
And perhaps it is most well known
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그리고 정지 μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ 꼬리둜 κ· ν˜•μ„ μž‘λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 사싀은
05:09
that they provide static balance.
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사싀은 μ•„λ§ˆ κ°€μž₯ 유λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”.
05:12
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:13
It can also act as a counterbalance.
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ν‰ν˜•μΆ” 역할을 ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
So watch this kangaroo.
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이 μΊ₯거루λ₯Ό μ’€ λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
05:19
See that tail? That's incredible!
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꼬리 λ³΄μ΄μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ? λ†€λžμ£ !
05:21
Marc Raibert built a Uniroo hopping robot.
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마크 λ ˆμ΄λ²„νŠΈλŠ” κ»‘μΆ©κ»‘μΆ© λ›°λŠ” μš°λ‹ˆλ£¨λΌλŠ” λ‘œλ΄‡μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
And it was unstable without its tail.
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μš°λ‹ˆλ£¨λŠ” 꼬리가 μ—†μœΌλ©΄ κ· ν˜•μ„ λͺ» μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
Now mostly tails limit maneuverability,
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κΌ¬λ¦¬λŠ” 기동성을 μ’Œμš°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
like this human inside this dinosaur suit.
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이 곡룑 옷 μ•ˆμ— λ“€μ–΄μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
05:37
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:38
My colleagues actually went on to test this limitation,
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제 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ€ ν•œ ν•™μƒμ˜ κ΄€μ„±λͺ¨λ©˜νŠΈλ₯Ό λŠ˜λ €κ°€λ©΄μ„œ
05:42
by increasing the moment of inertia of a student, so they had a tail,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이 취약점을 μ‹€ν—˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 꼬리가 있죠.
05:46
and running them through and obstacle course,
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λ›°λ©΄μ„œ μž₯μ• λ¬Ό μ½”μŠ€λ₯Ό ν†΅κ³Όν•˜λŠ” ν•™μƒμ˜ λ™μž‘μ΄
05:48
and found a decrement in performance,
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λŠλ €μ§€λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
like you'd predict.
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μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν–ˆλ‹€μ‹œν”Όμš”.
05:53
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:54
But of course, this is a passive tail.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Όλ‘ , 이 κΌ¬λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
And you can also have active tails.
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이제 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 꼬리도 λ³΄μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
And when I went back to research this, I realized
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λ‹€μ‹œ 이 연ꡬ에 μ°©μˆ˜ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
06:01
that one of the great TED moments in the past,
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μ˜›λ‚  λ‚˜λ‹¨μ΄ ν…Œλ“œμ—μ„œ ν–ˆλ˜
06:03
from Nathan,
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ κ°•μ˜κ°€ μƒκ°λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
we've talked about an active tail.
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μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 꼬리에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
06:07
Video: Myhrvold thinks tail-cracking dinosaurs
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λΉ„λ””μ˜€: λ―Έμ–΄λ³Όλ“œλŠ” 채찍 같은 꼬리λ₯Ό 가진 곡룑이
06:09
were interested in love, not war.
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사싀은 싸움이 μ•„λ‹Œ, μ‚¬λž‘μ— 관심이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:14
Robert Full: He talked about the tail being a whip for communication.
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λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ ν’€: λ―Έμ–΄λ³Όλ“œλŠ” μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ„ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ νœ˜λ‘λ₯΄λŠ” 꼬리에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:17
It can also be used in defense.
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λ°©μ–΄ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
Pretty powerful.
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맀우 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜μ£ .
06:23
So we then went back and looked at the animal.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€μ‹œ μ›μ μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€ 동물을 μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
And we ran it up a surface.
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μˆ˜λ©΄μ„ ν–₯ν•΄ λ‹¬λ¦¬κ²Œ ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
06:27
But this time what we did is we put a slippery patch
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” λ―ΈλŒλ―ΈλŒν•œ 것을 λ§λŒ€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
that you see in yellow there.
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이 λ…Έλž€μƒ‰ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ .
06:31
And watch on the right what the animal is doing with its tail
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였λ₯Έμͺ½μ„ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄, λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ΄ λ―Έλ„λŸ¬μ§ˆ λ•Œ
06:35
when it slips. This is slowed down 10 times.
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꼬리가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. 10λ°°μ†μœΌλ‘œ 느린 ν™”λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:37
So here is normal speed.
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이것이 정상 μ†λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
And watch it now slip,
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이제 λ―Έλ„λŸ¬μ§ˆ λ•Œ
06:41
and see what it does with its tail.
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꼬리의 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
06:46
It has an active tail that functions as a fifth leg,
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꼬리가 마치 λ‹€μ„― 번째 λ‹€λ¦¬μ²˜λŸΌ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
and it contributes to stability.
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그리고 κ· ν˜•μ—λ„ 도움을 μ£Όμ§€μš”.
06:50
If you make it slip a huge amount, this is what we discovered.
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μ•„μ£Ό 많이 λ―Έλ„λŸ¬μ§€κ²Œ ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
This is incredible.
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λŒ€λ‹¨ν•˜μ£ .
06:59
The engineers had a really good idea.
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κΈ°μˆ μžλ“€μ˜ λ°œμƒμ€ μ‹€λ‘œ ν›Œλ₯­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
And then of course we wondered,
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그런 λ‹€μŒ λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ κΆκΈˆν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:04
okay, they have an active tail, but let's picture them.
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그래, λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ— μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 꼬리가 μžˆμ–΄. 그림을 그렀보자ꡬ.
07:06
They're climbing up a wall, or a tree.
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λ²½μ΄λ‚˜ λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό 타고 μ˜¬λΌκ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  치자.
07:09
And they get to the top and let's say there's some leaves there.
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κΌ­λŒ€κΈ°μ— μ˜¬λΌκ°”μ„ λ•Œ 이λ₯Όν…Œλ©΄ λ‚˜λ­‡μžŽ 같은 것이 μžˆλŠ” 거지.
07:12
And what would happen if they climbed on the underside of that leaf,
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잎의 뒷면을 타고 μ˜¬λΌκ°„λ‹€λ©΄,
07:15
and there was some wind, or we shook it?
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ν˜Ήμ€ λ°”λžŒμ΄ μ’€ λΆ„λ‹€λ©΄, 흔듀리면 무슨 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§ˆκΉŒ?
07:18
And we did that experiment, that you see here.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•΄λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” λŒ€λ‘œμš”.
07:21
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
07:22
And this is what we discovered.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이런 점을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
Now that's real time. You can't see anything.
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이것은 μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 아무 것도 μ•ˆ 보이죠.
07:26
But there it is slowed down.
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속도λ₯Ό λŠ¦μ·„μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
What we discovered was the world's fastest air-righting response.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λΉ λ₯Έ 곡쀑 λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
For those of you who remember your physics, that's a zero-angular-momentum
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물리학을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” 뢄이 κ³„μ‹œλ‹€λ©΄, κ°μš΄λ™λŸ‰μ€ 0λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
righting response. But it's like a cat.
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κ³ μ–‘μ΄μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
07:37
You know, cats falling. Cats do this. They twist their bodies.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ, 고양이가 λ–¨μ–΄μ§ˆ λ•Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜μ£ . λͺΈν†΅μ„ λ’€ν‹‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
But geckos do it better.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ€ 고양이보닀 λ‚«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
And they do it with their tail.
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꼬리λ₯Ό μ“°μ£ .
07:45
So they do it with this active tail as they swing around.
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λΉ™κΈ€λΉ™κΈ€ 돌 λ•Œ 이 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 꼬리λ₯Ό μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
And then they always land in the sort of superman skydiving posture.
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그리고 μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 슈퍼맨이 ν•˜λŠ˜μ—μ„œ λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것 같은 μžμ„Έλ‘œ μ°©μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
Okay, now we wondered, if we were right,
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이제 우리 생각이 λ§žμ•˜λ‹€λ©΄,
07:56
we should be able to test this in a physical model, in a robot.
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이λ₯Όν…Œλ©΄ λ‘œλ΄‡ 같은 물리적 λͺ¨ν˜•μ— 이것을 μ‹€ν—˜ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
07:59
So for TED we actually built a robot,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν…Œλ“œ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ‘œλ΄‡μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
over there, a prototype, with the tail.
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μ €κΈ° μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”, 꼬리가 달린 μ›ν˜• νƒ€μž…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:04
And we're going to attempt the first air-righting response
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그리고 이제 꼬리가 달린 λ‘œλ΄‡μœΌλ‘œ
08:06
in a tail, with a robot.
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졜초의 곡쀑 λ°˜μ‘ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ ν•΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
If we could have the lights on it.
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μ’€ 밝게 ν•˜λ©΄ μ’‹κ² λŠ”λ°μš”.
08:10
Okay, there it goes.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
And show the video.
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λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
08:20
There it is.
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λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ .
08:22
And it works just like it does in the animal.
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λ°”λ‘œ λ„λ§ˆλ±€ 꼬리처럼 μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
So all you need is a swing of the tail to right yourself.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ κ· ν˜•μ„ 작으렀면 꼬리λ₯Ό ν”λ“€κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
08:31
Now, of course, we were normally frightened
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λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ—λŠ” ν™œκ³΅ ꡬ쑰가 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
08:33
because the animal has no gliding adaptations,
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 것이 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
so we thought, "Oh that's okay. We'll put it in a vertical wind tunnel.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•œ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. 자. λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ„ μˆ˜μ§ν˜• 풍동에 넣을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:39
We'll blow the air up, we'll give it a landing target, a tree trunk,
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이μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λžŒμ„ 뢈게 ν•˜κ³ , ν•©μ„± 유리 μž…κ΅¬ 밖에 λ‚˜λ¬΄μ€„κΈ°λ₯Ό 놓아
08:42
just outside the plexi-glass enclosure, and see what it does.
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도착지점을 μ£Όκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
08:46
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:47
So we did. And here is what it does.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
So the wind is coming from the bottom. This is slowed down 10 times.
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λ°”λžŒμ΄ λ°”λ‹₯μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 10λ°°μ†μœΌλ‘œ 느리게 ν•œ ν™”λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:55
It does an equilibrium glide. Highly controlled.
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ν‰ν˜• ν™œκ³΅μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„μ£Ό μ‘°μ ˆμ„ 잘 ν•˜λ©΄μ„œμš”.
08:59
This is sort of incredible. But actually it's quite beautiful,
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λ†€λΌμšΈ μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
when you take a picture of it.
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사진을 찍어보면 맀우 μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
And it's better than that, it -- just in the slide -- maneuvers in mid-air.
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곡쀑에 λ–  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ 더 λŠ₯μˆ™ν•˜κ²Œ λ―Έλ„λŸ¬μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
And the way it does it, is it takes its tail
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 꼬리λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ
09:12
and it swings it one way to yaw left, and it swings its other way to yaw right.
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μ™Όμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ 흔듀고, 였λ₯Έμͺ½μœΌλ‘œ 흔듀고 ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
So we can maneuver this way.
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이런 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 움직일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
And then -- we had to film this several times to believe this --
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그리고 - λͺ‡ λ²ˆμ„ μ΄¬μ˜ν•˜κ³ μ„œμ•Ό 눈으둜 λ³Έ 것을 믿을 수 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”. -
09:21
it also does this. Watch this.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œλ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
09:24
It oscillates its tail up and down like a dolphin.
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꼬리λ₯Ό 돌고래처럼 μœ„μ•„λž˜λ‘œ ν”λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
It can actually swim through the air.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” κ³΅μ€‘μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μ˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
But watch its front legs. Can you see what they are doing?
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ν—Œλ° μ•žλ°œμ„ λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. μ•žλ°œ λ³΄μ΄μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:34
What does that mean for the origin of flapping flight?
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이 파λ‹₯κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ„ν–‰μ˜ 기원이 뭐라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:37
Maybe it's evolved from coming down from trees,
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μ•„λ§ˆ λ‚˜λ¬΄μ—μ„œ κΈ°μ–΄ λ‚΄λ €μ˜¬ λ•Œ
09:40
and trying to control a glide.
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ν™œκ³΅μ„ μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λ €λŠ” λ™μž‘μ—μ„œ μ§„ν™”ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
Stay tuned for that.
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채널 κ³ μ •ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
09:44
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:46
So then we wondered, "Can they actually maneuver with this?"
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이제 β€œμ΄κ²ƒμ„ 가지고 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ™μž‘μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν• κΉŒ?β€λΌλŠ” 것이 κΆκΈˆν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
So there is the landing target. Could they steer towards it
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μ°©λ₯™μ§€μ μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ΄ 가진 λŠ₯λ ₯으둜 급경사λ₯Ό 올라갈 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
09:52
with these capabilities? Here it is in the wind tunnel.
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풍동에 λ„£μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
And it certainly looks like it.
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ .
09:56
You can see it even better from down on top.
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μœ„μ—μ„œ λ–¨μ–΄μ§ˆ λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:59
Watch the animal.
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λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ„ λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
10:02
Definitely moving towards the landing target.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ°©λ₯™μ§€μ μ„ ν–₯ν•΄ μ›€μ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
Watch the whip of its tail as it does it. Look at that.
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움직일 λ•Œ 꼬리 νœ˜λ‘λ₯΄λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ €λ ‡κ²Œμš”.
10:08
It's unbelievable.
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믿을 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
So now we were really confused,
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μ΄μ œλŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ ν˜Όλž€μŠ€μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
because there are no reports of it gliding.
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ν™œκ³΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ³΄κ³ λŠ” μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
10:14
So we went, "Oh my god, we have to go to the field,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ³„μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
and see if it actually does this."
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β€œμ„Έμƒμ—, 이 λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό 연ꡬ해야겠어, κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·ΈλŸ°μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ΄μ•Όκ² κ΅°.”
10:18
Completely opposite of the way you'd see it on a nature film, of course.
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μžμ—°μ„ 찍은 μ˜μƒμ—μ„œ 보던 κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” μ •λ°˜λŒ€μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:21
We wondered, "Do they actually glide in nature?"
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β€œμžμ—°μ—μ„œλ„ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν™œκ³΅ν• κΉŒ?” μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΆκΈˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
Well we went to the forests of Singapore and Southeast Asia.
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싱가포λ₯΄μ™€ λ™λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„ λ°€λ¦ΌμœΌλ‘œ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:26
And the next video you see is the first time we've showed this.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³΄μ‹œκ²Œ 될 λ‹€μŒ λΉ„λ””μ˜€λŠ” 처음으둜 κ³΅κ°œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
This is the actual video -- not staged, a real research video --
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이것이 λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ˜ κ°•ν•˜λ₯Ό 찍은, 미곡개의 μ‹€μ œ 연ꡬ λΉ„λ””μ˜€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:31
of animal gliding down. There is a red trajectory line.
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빨간색 ꢀ도선이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:34
Look at the end to see the animal.
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μ €κΈ° 끝에 μžˆλŠ” λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ„ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:36
But then as it gets closer to the tree,
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λ‚˜λ¬΄μ— κ°€κΉŒμ΄ κ°€μ„œ ν™•λŒ€ν•œ 것을 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
10:38
look at the close-up. And see if you can see it land.
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λ‚΄λ €μ˜€λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
10:42
So there it comes down. There is a gecko at the end of that trajectory line.
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μ €κΈ° λ‚΄λ €μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ꢀ도선 λ„νŠΈλ¨Έλ¦¬μ— λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ΄ μžˆλ„€μš”.
10:45
You see it there? There? Watch it come down.
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μ €κΈ° λ³΄μ΄μ„Έμš”? μ €κΈ°μš”? λ‚΄λ €μ˜€λŠ” 것을 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
10:47
Now watch up there and you can see the landing. Did you see it hit?
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이제 μœ„μͺ½μ„ 보면 λ‚΄λ €μ˜€λŠ” 것이 λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ–¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것 λ³΄μ…¨μ–΄μš”?
10:50
It actually uses its tail too,
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μ—­μ‹œλ‚˜ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 꼬리λ₯Ό μ”λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:52
just like we saw in the lab.
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μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ λ³Έ 것과 λ˜‘κ°™μ΄μš”.
10:55
So now we can continue this mutualism
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이제 λ„λ§ˆλ±€μ΄ 꼬리λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ£Όμž₯을 μ œμ‹œν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
10:59
by suggesting that they can make an active tail.
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상리곡생 연ꡬλ₯Ό 계속할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
And here is the first active tail, in the robot,
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μ—¬κΈ° κΈ°λŠ₯ν•˜λŠ” 꼬리λ₯Ό 가진 졜초의 λ‘œλ΄‡μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:07
made by Boston Dynamics.
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λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄ λ‹€μ΄λ‚΄λ―ΉμŠ€μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“  κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
11:10
So to conclude, I think we need to build biomutualisms, like I showed,
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결둠을 λ‚΄λ¦¬μžλ©΄, λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦° κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 생λͺ…κ³΅μƒμ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜λ©΄
11:14
that will increase the pace of basic discovery in their application.
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μ‘μš©μ‹œ 기본적 발견의 속도λ₯Ό λ†’μ΄κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
To do this though, we need to redesign education in a major way,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ£Όμš” κ³Όλͺ©μ˜ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μž¬μ„€κ³„ν•˜κ³ ,
11:20
to balance depth with interdisciplinary communication,
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ν•™μ œκ°„ ꡐλ₯˜μ˜ κΉŠμ΄μ—μ„œ κ· ν˜•μ„ 이루게 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:23
and explicitly train people how to contribute to, and benefit from other disciplines.
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그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ 학문에 μ΄λ°”μ§€ν•˜κ³ , 수혜λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” 방법을 μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ ν›ˆλ ¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
And of course you need the organisms and the environment to do it.
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μœ κΈ°μ²΄μ™€ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μœ„ν•œ 것이어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
That is, whether you care about security, search and rescue or health,
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즉, μ•ˆμ „, 탐색, ꡬ쑰, 번영, 관심사가 무엇이든
11:35
we must preserve nature's designs,
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μžμ—° κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ 보쑴해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:37
otherwise these secrets will be lost forever.
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그렇지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ 이 비밀은 μ˜μ›νžˆ μ‚¬λΌμ§€κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:40
And from what I heard from our new president,
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우리의 μƒˆ μ‹ μž„ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ˜€λ°”λ§ˆμ˜ λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ—μ„œλ„
11:44
I'm very optimistic. Thank you.
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μ €λŠ” λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ 희망을 κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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