Noah Feldman: Politics and religion are technologies

28,874 views ・ 2008-10-10

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jeong-Lan Kinser κ²€ν† : InHyuk Song
00:12
I want to argue to you that in fact, politics and religion,
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μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό λ…ΌμŸμ„ μ’€ ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ€λ°μš”, 사싀 μ •μΉ˜μ™€ μ’…κ΅λŠ”
00:17
which are the two primary factors --
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두가지가 μ£Όμš” μš”μΈμ΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°,
00:19
not the sole, but overwhelmingly, the primary factors --
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μ™„μ „νžˆλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ••λ„μ μœΌλ‘œ, μ£Όμš” μš”μΈλ“€μ΄ 있죠--
00:22
which are driving towards a war which looks extremely likely --
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이것듀은 κ·Ήν•œμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄κ²Œλ” μ „μŸμ„ ν–₯ν•΄ μ§ˆμ£Όν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
bordering on the inevitable at this point,
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이 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ†Œ μ§€λ£¨ν•œ μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ 될 수 μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
00:27
whether one is in favor of that or not --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λ“  ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ“ μ§€ 간에
00:29
that politics and religion are, in fact, themselves
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μ •μΉ˜μ™€ μ’…κ΅λŠ”, 사싀, μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œκ°€
00:32
better conceptualized as kinds of technology,
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ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λΌλŠ” μ’…λ₯˜λ‘œ 더 잘 이해될 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:36
and subject to kinds of questions that we regularly consider
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ°œλ…μ  λ””μžμΈμ˜ κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ
00:41
in the space of conceptual design.
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늘 의문의 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚ΌλŠ” 것이죠
00:44
Here's what I mean. Politics and --
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μ œκ°€ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ •μΉ˜κ°€
00:47
let's focus on the political system in particular question here,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ—μ„œμ˜ μ •μΉ˜ μ œλ„μ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”λ„λ‘ ν•©μ‹œλ‹€,
00:50
which is the system of democracy.
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민주주의의 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄μ£ .
00:52
Democracy, as a type of politics, is a technology
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λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λŠ”, μ •μΉ˜μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜λ‘œμ„œλŠ”, ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:56
for the control and deployment of power.
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ꢌλ ₯의 ν†΅μ œμ™€ κ³ μš©μ„ μœ„ν•œ 것이죠
00:58
You can deploy power in a wide range of ways.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ ꢌλ ₯을 κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ λ°©λ²•λ“€λ‘œ μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
The famous ones -- despotism is a good one;
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유λͺ…ν•œ 것듀 μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ λ°”λ‘œ λ…μž¬μ •μΉ˜μ£ 
01:03
anarchy is a way to not deploy the power in any organized way,
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— λ¬΄μ •λΆ€μ£Όμ˜λŠ” 쑰직적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ꢌλ ₯을 ν–‰μ‚¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
01:06
to do it in a radically diffused fashion;
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λŒ€μ‹  κΈ‰μ§„μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λ € λ“€μ£ 
01:08
and democracy is a set of technologies,
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λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λŠ” ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ˜ ν•œ μ„ΈνŠΈλ‘œ
01:10
which have the effect of, in principle,
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μ›λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ
01:13
diffusing the power source to a large number of people
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ꢌλ ₯의 μ›μ²œμ„ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λΆ„μ‚°μ‹œν‚€λŠ”λ° νš¨κ³Όμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
and then re-concentrating it in a smaller group of people who govern,
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그리고 그것을 ν†΅μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μž‘μ€ κ·Έλ£Ήμ—μ„œ 재-집쀑을 ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ—¬
01:19
and who themselves are, in principle, authorized to govern
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ν†΅μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν•˜λ„λ‘ μŠΉμΈλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:23
by virtue of what the broader public has done.
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λ§Žμ€ λŒ€μ€‘λ“€μ΄ λ―Έλ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄ 였던 것듀에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠
01:26
Now, consider religion -- in this case Islam,
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자, 쒅ꡐλ₯Ό 생각해 보죠. 이슬람ꡐ의 경우,
01:29
which is the religion that, in some direct sense,
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그것은 μ–΄λ–€ 직접적인 λ©΄μ—μ„œ 보면,
01:32
can be said to be precipitating what we're about to enter.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무언가 ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것듀을 μ΄‰λ°œμ‹œν‚¨λ‹€ 말할 수 μžˆλŠ” μ’…κ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:36
Let me say parenthetically why I think that's the case,
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μ œκ°€ μ™œ 그게 사둀라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 쀑간에 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:38
because I think it's a potentially controversial statement.
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제 생각에 그것은 잠재적으둜 λ…Όλž€μ˜ 여지가 μžˆλŠ” μ§„μˆ μ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
01:41
I would put it in the following equation: no 9/11, no war.
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μ €λŠ” 그것을 λ‹€μŒμ˜ 방정식에 λ†“κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€: 9/11 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄, μ „μŸμ΄ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€.
01:45
At the beginning of the Bush administration,
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λΆ€μ‹œ ν–‰μ •μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ μ—μ„œ
01:49
when President Bush, now President Bush, was running for president,
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λΆ€μ‹œλŠ”, μ΄μ œλŠ” λΆ€μ‹œ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ, κ·Έλ•Œ κ·ΈλŠ” λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ— 좜마λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
01:52
he made it very clear that he was not interested in intervening broadly in the world.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 이 세상에 ν­λ„“κ²Œ κ°œμž…ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ—λŠ” 관심이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
In fact, the trend was for disengagement with the rest of the world.
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사싀, κ·Έ κ²½ν–₯은 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 세계와 뢄리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œκ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
That's why we heard about the backing away from the Kyoto protocol, for example.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 그것이 ꡐ토 μ˜μ •μ„œλ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν›„ν‡΄ν•˜λŠ” 것에 κ΄€ν•œ 것을 듀은 μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
After 9/11, the tables were turned.
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9/11 이후, κ·Έ νƒμžλŠ” λŒμ•„μ„°μ§€μš”.
02:05
And the president decided, with his advisors,
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그리고 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ€ 그의 μžλ¬Έκ΄€λ“€κ³Ό 결정을 ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
02:08
to undertake some kind of an active intervention in the world around us.
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우리 주변에 μžˆλŠ” 세계에 적극적 κ°œμž…μ„ ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
That began with Afghanistan,
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그것은 μ•„ν”„κ°€λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘μ΄ 됐고
02:14
and when Afghanistan went extremely smoothly and quickly,
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μ•„ν”„κ°€λ‹ˆμŠ€μΉΈμ€ 극적으둜 λΆ€λ“œλŸ½κ²Œ, 그리고 재빨리 μ‚¬λΌμ‘Œκ³ 
02:17
a decision was made through the technology of democracy --
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이 결정은 민주주의의 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
again, notice, not a perfect technology --
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λ‹€μ‹œ, μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ„Έμš”, λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λŠ” μ™„μ „ν•œ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
but through the technology of democracy
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 민주주의 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
02:26
that this administration was going to push in the direction of another war --
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이 행정은 그듀을 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ „μŸμ˜ λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ°€κ³  λ‚˜κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
this time, a war in Iraq.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” μ΄λΌν¬μ™€μ˜ μ „μŸμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:31
Now, the reason I begin by saying "no 9/11, no war"
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자, κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•œ, 9/11이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ „μŸμ€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒ.
02:36
is that we have to acknowledge that Islam,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 인정해야 ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€ μ΄μŠ¬λžŒκ΅κ°€,
02:40
as interpreted by a very, very small, extremely radical group of people,
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μ•„μ£Ό, μ•„μ£Ό μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜, κ·Ήλ„λ‘œ 급진적인 λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ 해석이 된 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ,
02:46
was a precipitating cause of the 9/11 attacks --
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9//11 곡격의 μž¬μ΄‰ν•˜λŠ” μš”μΈμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
the precipitating cause of the 9/11 attacks --
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κ·Έ 9/11 곡격의 μž¬μ΄‰ν•˜λŠ” μš”μΈκ³Ό
02:52
and as a consequence, at one degree of remove,
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κ·Έ 결과둜, 제거λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” ν•œμͺ½ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ,
02:55
the precipitating cause of the coming war that we're about to be engaged in.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 막 κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€κ°€μ˜€λŠ” μ „μŸμ„ μž¬μ΄‰ν•˜λŠ” μš”μΈμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:59
And I would add that bin Laden and his followers
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μ œκ°€ μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λ €λŠ” 것은 빈 라덴과 그의 μΆ”μ’…μžλ“€μ΄
03:02
are consciously devoted to the goal of creating a conflict between democracy,
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민주주의 κ°„μ˜ λΆ„μŸμ„ μ‘°μ„±ν•˜λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œμ— μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ ν—Œμ‹ μ μœΌλ‘œ λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:07
or at least capitalist democracy, on the one hand,
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— 적어도 자본 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μ™€
03:10
and the world of Islam as they see and define it.
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이슬람 세계가 보고 μ •μ˜λ‚΄λ¦° κ²ƒλŒ€λ‘œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:14
Now, how is Islam a technology in this conceptual apparatus?
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자, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄μŠ¬λžŒκ΅κ°€ 이 κ°œλ…μ μΈ μ‘°μ§μ—μ„œ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μΈκ°€μš”?
03:17
Well, it's a technology for, first, salvation in its most basic sense.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 그것은 μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ˜€κ³ , κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 기본적인 μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œ κ΅¬μ›μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
It's meant to be a mechanism for construing the universe
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그것은 우주λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λŠ” λ©”μΉ΄λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”λ°
03:24
in a way that will bring about the salvation of the individual believer,
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개인적인 ꡬ원을 λ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” λ°©λ²•μ—μ„œ,
03:28
but it's also meant by the Islamists --
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λ¬Όλ‘  그것은 λ˜ν•œ μ΄μŠ¬λžŒκ΅μΈλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ˜λ―Έλ‚΄λ €μ§€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ.
03:30
and I use that term to mean people who believe that Islam --
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έ μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό 이슬람ꡐλ₯Ό λ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€--
03:34
they follow the slogan, Islam is the answer to a wide range of questions,
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그듀은 κ·Έ μŠ¬λ‘œκ±΄μ„ λ”°λ₯΄κ³ , μ΄μŠ¬λžŒκ΅λŠ” 넓은 의미의 이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:37
whether they're social, or political, or personal, or spiritual.
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그듀이 μ‚¬νšŒμ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜, μ •μΉ˜μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜, κ°œμΈμ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜, μ˜μ μ΄λ“ μ§€ 간에.
03:40
Within the sphere of people who have that view,
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κ·Έ 견해λ₯Ό 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ˜μ—­λ‚΄μ—,
03:42
and it's a large number of people in the Muslim world
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또 무슬람ꡐ의 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
03:44
who disagree with bin Laden in his application,
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그의 μ μš©μ—μ„œ 빈 라덴과 λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
03:46
but agree that Islam is the answer.
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μ΄μŠ¬λžŒκ΅κ°€ λŒ€λ‹΅μ΄λΌκ³  λ™μ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ£ .
03:48
Islam represents a way of engaging the world
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μ΄μŠ¬λžŒκ΅λŠ” 세계에 κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:51
through which one can achieve certain desirable goals.
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ°”λžŒμ§ν•œ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:54
And the goals from the perspective of Muslims are, in principle,
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그리고 λ¬΄μŠ¬λžŒκ΅μΈλ“€μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ κ·Έ λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” 기본적으둜
03:58
peace, justice and equality,
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평화, μ •μ˜, 그리고 ν‰λ“±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
but on terms that correspond to traditional Muslim teachings.
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전톡적인 무슬람의 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ¨μ— λŒ€μ‘λ˜λŠ” κ·Έ μš©μ–΄λ“€μ—μ„œμ£ .
04:05
Now, I don't want to leave a misimpression
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μ €λŠ” 이 λͺ…μ œλ“€μ˜ μ–΄λ–€ 것을 κ·œμ •ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:08
by identifying either of these propositions --
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μ €λŠ” 잘λͺ»λœ 인상을 남기고 μ‹Άμ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
rather, either of these phenomena, democracy or Islam -- as technologies.
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였히렀, 이 ν˜„μƒλ“€μ˜ 어떀것이든, λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λ‚˜ μ΄μŠ¬λžŒμ€, ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λ‘œμ„œ μΈμ‹λœλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:15
I don't want to suggest that they are a single thing that you can point to.
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μ €λŠ” 그것듀이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 가리킬 수 μžˆλŠ” ν•œκ°€μ§€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
And I think a good way to prove this
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제 생각에 이것이 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λΌκ³  μž…μ¦ν•  λ§Œν•œ 쒋은 방법은
04:20
is simply to demonstrate to you what my thought process was
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κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 제 μƒκ°μ˜ 과정이 λ¬΄μ—‡μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
when deciding what to put on the wall behind me when I spoke.
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν–ˆμ„λ•Œ 벽에 무엇을 뢙일지λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ”λ° 말이죠.
04:26
And I ran immediately into a conceptual problem:
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μ €λŠ” μ¦‰κ°μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°œλ…μ  문제둜 λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€--
04:28
you can't show a picture of democracy.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λΌλŠ” 그림을 보여쀄 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
You can show a slogan, or a symbol, or a sign that stands for democracy.
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λŒ€μ‹  민주주의λ₯Ό μƒμ§•ν•˜λŠ” μŠ¬λ‘œκ±΄μ΄λ‚˜, μ‹¬λ³Όμ΄λ‚˜, λ˜λŠ” λΆ€ν˜Έλ₯Ό 보여쀄 μˆ˜λŠ” μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
You can show the Capitol --
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λ―Έκ΅­ ꡭ회 μ˜μ‚¬λ‹Ή 건물을 보여쀄 μˆ˜λŠ” 있죠--
04:36
I had the same problem when I was designing the cover
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μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ ν‘œμ§€λ₯Ό λ””μžμΈν•  λ•Œλ„ 같은 문제λ₯Ό κ²ͺμ—ˆμ§€μš”
04:38
of my forthcoming book, in fact --
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사싀, 곧 좜판이 될 μ±…μ˜--
04:40
what do you put on the cover to show democracy?
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민주주의λ₯Ό 보여주기 μœ„ν•΄ 컀버에 무엇을 λ„£κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
04:42
And the same problem with respect to Islam.
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이슬람과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œ 같은 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
You can show a mosque, or you can show worshippers,
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λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬λ₯Ό 보여쀄 μˆ˜λŠ” μžˆμ§€μš”, λ˜λŠ” μ˜ˆλ°°μžλ“€μ„ 보여쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
04:46
but there's not a straightforward way of depicting Islam.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이슬람ꡐλ₯Ό λ¬˜μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ‹¨λ„μ§μž…μ μΈ 방법은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
That's because these are the kinds of concepts
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그것은 μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이것듀이 κ°œλ…μ  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 것듀이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ 
04:50
that are not susceptible to easy representation.
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μ‰¬μš΄ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
Now, it follows from that, that they're deeply contestable.
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κ·Έκ²ƒμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° λ”°λ₯΄μžλ©΄, 그것듀은 κ½€λ‚˜ λ…ΌμŸκ±°λ¦¬κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
It follows from that that all of the people in the world
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이 κ°œλ…μ μΈ 것듀을 세상 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ”°λ₯΄μ£ 
04:59
who say that they are Muslims can, in principle,
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그듀은 μ›λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ 그듀이 무슬림이 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³ 
05:01
subscribe to a wide range of different interpretations
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•΄μ„μ˜ κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œλͺ…ν•œ
05:04
of what Islam really is, and the same is true of democracy.
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무엇이 정말 μ΄μŠ¬λžŒμΈμ§€, 또 κ·Έ 같은것이 μ°Έ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λΌλŠ”κ²ƒμ„ 말이죠.
05:09
In other words, unlike the word hope,
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달리 λ§ν•˜λ©΄, 단어 ν¬λ§κ³ΌλŠ” 달리,
05:12
which one could look up in a dictionary and derive origins for,
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 사전을 μ°Ύμ•„μ„œ 보고 기원을 νŒŒμƒν•΄λ³΄κ³ ,
05:16
and, perhaps, reach some kind of a consensual use analysis,
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또, μ•„λ§ˆλ„, ν•©μ˜ 뢄석 μ‚¬μš©μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜μ— λ„λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ”,
05:19
these are essentially contested concepts.
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이것듀은 본질적으둜 μΉ˜μ—΄ν•œ κ°œλ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
They're ideas about which people disagree in the deepest possible sense.
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그것듀은 κ°€μž₯ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ‹¬μ˜€ν•œ μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”κ²ƒμ— κ΄€ν•œ μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
And as a consequence of this disagreement,
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그리고 이 뢈일치의 κ²°κ³Όλ‘œμ„œ
05:30
it's very, very difficult for anyone to say,
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그것은 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό, μ•„μ£Ό μ–΄λ €μš΄κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:32
"I have the right version of Islam."
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"λ‚˜λŠ” μ΄μŠ¬λžŒμ„ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ–΄"
05:34
You know, post-9/11, we were treated to the amazing phenomenon
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μžˆμž–μ•„μš”, 9/11 이후, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λŒ€μš°λ°›μ€ 것은 경이둜운 ν˜„μƒμ—
05:37
of George W. Bush saying, "Islam means peace."
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쑰지 W. λΆ€μ‹œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ”, "이슬람이 λœ»ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€ 평화닀,"λΌλŠ” 것이죠.
05:40
Well, so says George W. Bush.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 쑰지 W. λΆ€μ‹œκ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
Other people would say it means something else.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 그것이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 뭔가라고 ν•˜μ£ .
05:45
Some people would say that Islam means submission.
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λͺ‡ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€ 이슬람이 볡쒅을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•˜μ£ .
05:47
Other people would say it means an acknowledgement
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 그것이 μŠΉμΈμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
or recognition of God's sovereignty.
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λ˜λŠ” μ‹ μ˜ 주ꢌ의 인식이라고.
05:51
There are a wide range of different things that Islam can mean.
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이슬람이 λœ»ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 넓은 μ˜μ—­μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 것듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
And ostensibly, the same is true of democracy.
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그리고 ν‘œλ©΄μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ”, λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:56
Some people say that democracy consists basically in elections.
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λͺ‡ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λŠ” 기본적으둜 μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό 톡해 κ΅¬μ„±λœλ‹€κ³  ν•˜μ£ .
05:59
Other people say no, that's not enough,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€, 그것은 μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λΌκ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:01
there have to be basic liberal rights: free speech, free press, equality of citizens.
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기본적인 민주의 κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€: 자유 λ°œμ–Έ, 자유 μ–Έλ‘ , μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ 평등함.
06:05
These are contested points, and it's impossible to answer them by saying,
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이것듀은 μΉ˜μ—΄ν•œ μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, λ‹€λ§Œ 이것을 λ§λ‘œμ„œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
"Ah ha, I looked in the right place, and I found out what these concepts mean."
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"μ•„ν•˜, λ°”λ₯Έ μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜κ³  이 κ°œλ…λ“€μ΄ λœ»ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ°Ύμ•˜μ–΄."
06:12
Now, if Islam and democracy are at present
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자, λ§Œμ•½ 이슬람과 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ ν˜„μž¬
06:16
in a moment of great confrontation,
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ꡉμž₯ν•œ 좩돌의 μˆœκ°„μ— μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
06:18
what does that mean?
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그게 무슨 λœ»μΈκ°€μš”?
06:20
Well, you could fit it into a range of different interpretative frameworks.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•΄μ„μ˜ ν‹€μ˜ μ˜μ—­μ— κ·Έκ±Έ 맞좜 수 μžˆμ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
You could begin with the one that we began with a couple of days ago,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡μΌμ „에 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹œμž‘ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
which was fear.
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그것은 κ³΅ν¬μ˜€μ§€μš”.
06:29
Fear is not an implausible reaction with a war just around the corner
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κ³΅ν¬λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ ꡬ석 μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ— μžˆλŠ” μ „μŸμ˜ λ―ΏκΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ λ°˜μž‘μš©μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
and with a very, very high likelihood that many, many people are going to die
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그리고 μ•„μ£Ό, μ•„μ£Ό 높은 κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό λ”λΆˆμ–΄ λ§Žμ€, λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 죽을 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ”
06:37
as a consequence of this confrontation --
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이 좩돌의 κ²°κ³Όλ‘œμ„œ--
06:39
a confrontation which many, many people
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λ§Žμ€, λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
06:41
in the Muslim world do not want,
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무슬람 μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μ›ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”,
06:43
many, many people in the American democracy do not want,
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미ꡭ의 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μ— μžˆλŠ” λ§Žμ€, λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ›ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”,
06:46
many people elsewhere in the world do not want,
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μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 어디에 μžˆλŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μ›ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”,
06:48
but which nonetheless is favored by a large enough number of people --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ„ ν˜Έλœλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠
06:51
at least in the relevant space, which is the United States --
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적어도 관련이 μžˆλŠ” 곡간인, λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ
06:55
to actually go forward. So fear is not a crazy response at all.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ „μ§„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³΅ν¬λŠ” 미친 λ°˜μ‘μ΄ μ „ν˜€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
And I think that that's, in fact, probably the first appropriate response.
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그리고 μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ— 그것이, 싀은, μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 첫번째 μ μ ˆν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ΄μ£ .
07:02
What I want to suggest to you, though, in the next couple of minutes
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  싢은것은, λ‹€μŒ λͺ‡λΆ„ λ™μ•ˆ
07:05
is that there's also a hopeful response to this.
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이것에 도움이 λ˜λŠ” λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°˜μ‘μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
And the hopeful response derives from recognizing
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κ·Έ 희망적인 λ°˜μ‘μ€ μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ—μ„œ νŒŒμƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:12
that Islam and democracy are technologies.
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이슬람과 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λΌκ³  ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„.
07:14
And by virtue of being technologies, they're manipulable.
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또 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ˜ 쑴재 덕에 그것은 μ‘°μž‘μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
And they're manipulable in ways
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μ‘°μž‘μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œλ°
07:19
that can produce some extremely positive outcomes.
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κ·Ήλ‹¨μ μœΌλ‘œ 긍정적인 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 생산할 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ λ°©λ²•λ“€μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
07:21
What do I have in mind?
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μ œκ°€ 무엇을 염두에 두고 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:23
Well, all over the Muslim world there are people
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, μ „ 무슬람 세계에 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:26
who take Islam deeply seriously, people who care about Islam,
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μ΄μŠ¬λžŒμ„ 깊이 μ‹¬κ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ”, μ΄μŠ¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ°°λ €ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€,
07:30
for whom it's a source either of faith, or of civilization, or of deep values,
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ‹ μ•™μ˜, λ˜λŠ” λ¬Έλͺ…μ‚¬νšŒμ˜, λ˜λŠ” κΉŠμ€ κ°€μΉ˜μ˜ μ›μ²œμ˜,
07:34
or just a source of powerful personal identity,
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λ˜λŠ” 단지 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ, 개인적인 μ •μ²΄μ„±μ˜ μ›μ²œμœΌλ‘œ
07:36
who think and are saying loudly that Islam and democracy
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μƒκ°ν•˜λ©° μš”λž€ν•˜κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 이슬람과 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λŠ”
07:40
are in fact not in conflict, but are in fact deeply compatible.
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사싀 λΆ„μŸμ— μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 사싀 μ‹¬μ˜€ν•˜κ²Œ 양립할 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³ .
07:44
And these Muslims -- and it's the vast majority of Muslims --
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그리고 이 λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όλ“€μ€--λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όλ“€μΈλ°,
07:47
disagree profoundly with bin Laden's approach, profoundly.
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빈 라덴의 접근에, μ‹¬κ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ°˜λŒ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
And they furthermore think overwhelmingly --
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또 그듀은 λ”μš±μ΄ μ••λ„μ μœΌλ‘œ--
07:55
again one can't speak of every person, but overwhelmingly,
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λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 말할 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ, μ••λ„μ μœΌλ‘œ,
07:57
and one can find this by reading any of the sources
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그것듀을 읽음으둜써 λ°œκ²¬ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:59
that they have produced, and they're all over the Internet
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그듀이 μƒμ‚°ν–ˆκ³  그듀이 μΈν„°λ„·μ˜ 각 곳에
08:02
and in all sorts of languages -- one can see that they're saying
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λ˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄λ‘œ--λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 말이
08:05
that their concern in their own countries is primarily to free up themselves
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ—Όλ €λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ μžμ‹ μ˜ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 슀슀둜 μžμ‹ μ„ ν•΄λ°©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:11
to have choice in the spheres of personal life,
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개인적인 우리 μΈμƒμ˜ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ,
08:15
in the sphere of economics, in the sphere of politics,
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경제적인 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ, μ •μΉ˜μ μΈ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ,
08:18
and, yes, in the sphere of religion,
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λ„€, λ¬Όλ‘  κ·Έλž˜μš”, 쒅ꡐ적인 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ 선택을 κ°€μ§€λŠ”κ²ƒ,
08:20
which is itself closely regulated in most of the Muslim world.
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그것 μžμ²΄κ°€ 무슬람의 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ κΈ΄λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ 규제된 것이긴 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:23
And many of these Muslims further say
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또 이 무슬림의 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ”μš°κΈ° λ§ν•˜κΈΈ
08:25
that their disagreement with the United States
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미ꡭ과의 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λΆˆμΌμΉ˜λŠ”
08:28
is that it, in the past and still in the present,
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그것이, 과거와 μ—¬μ „νžˆ ν˜„μž¬μ—,
08:31
has sided with autocratic rulers in the Muslim world
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무슬람 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ „μ œμ  μ§€λ„μžλ“€κ³Ό νŽΈμ„ κ°ˆλžλ‹€κ³ 
08:35
in order to promote America's short-term interests.
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미ꡭ의 단기 이해λ₯Ό μ΄‰μ§„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:41
Now, during the Cold War, that may have been
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λƒ‰μ „λ™μ•ˆμ—, μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 그것은
08:43
a defensible position for the United States to take.
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미ꡭ이 택해야 ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μœ„ν•œ 방어적인 μœ„μΉ˜μ˜€μ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
That's an academic question.
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그것은 학문적인 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
It may be that there was a great war to be fought between West and East,
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그것은 거기에 μ„œλΆ€μ™€ 동뢀간에 μ‹Έμ› μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  ꡉμž₯ν•œ μ „μŸμ΄ μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ 있고,
08:50
and it was necessary on the axis of democracy against communism.
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그것은 κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜μ— λŒ€ν•­ν•œ 민주주의의 μΆ•μ—μ„œ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
And it was necessary in some way for these to contradict each other,
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또 그것은 이것듀이 μ„œλ‘œ λ…Όλ°•ν•  λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ λ°©λ²•μ—μ„œ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
08:57
and as a consequence you have to make friends wherever you can get them.
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κ·Έ 결과둜 그것을 μ–»μ„μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ” μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œλ“ μ§€ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Όν•˜λ§Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ‘œμ„œμ˜€μ£ .
09:00
But now that the Cold War is over,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이제 냉전이 μ’…μ‹λ˜μ–΄μ„œ,
09:02
there's nearly universal consensus in the Muslim world --
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λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όμ„Έκ³„μ—λŠ” 거의 보편적인 λ™μ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ --
09:06
and pretty close to the same here in the United States,
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또 κ½€ κ°€κΉŒμš΄ μ—¬κΈ° 미ꡭ에도 같은 곳인데,
09:08
if you talk to people and ask them --
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ§ν•΄μ„œ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
09:10
that in principle, there's no reason that democracy and Islam cannot co-exist.
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μ›λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ, λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μ™€ 이슬람이 곡쑴할 수 없을 μ΄μœ κ°€ μ—†λ‹€κ³  말이죠.
09:14
And we see this among activist, practical Muslims,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 μš΄λ™κ°€λ“€μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ‹€μ œμ μΈ λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όλ“€,
09:17
like the Muslims who are presently the elected,
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ν˜„μž¬ λ‹Ήμ„ λœ λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όλ“€κ³Όλ„ 같이,
09:19
parliamentary, democratic government of Turkey,
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ꡭ회의, 민주주의적 ν„°ν‚€ μ •λΆ€,
09:21
who are behaving pragmatically, not ideologically,
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μ΄μƒμ£Όμ˜μ μœΌλ‘œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, μ‹€μš©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ”,
09:24
who are promoting their own religious values,
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κ·Έλ“€ 슀슀둜의 쒅ꡐ적인 κ°€μΉ˜λ“€μ„ μ΄‰μ§„ν•˜λŠ”,
09:26
who are elected by their own people
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κ·Έλ“€ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ„ κ±°λœ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:28
because they were perceived as honest and sincere
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그듀이 μ •μ§ν•˜κ³  μ§„μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μΈμ‹λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
09:30
because of their religious values,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 쒅ꡐ적이 κ°€μΉ˜λ“€μ΄,
09:32
but who do not think that Islam and a democratic system of governance
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이슬람과 민주주의의 μ •μΉ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄
09:36
are fundamentally incompatible.
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근본적으둜 μ–‘λ¦½ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³ . λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ‘ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:38
Now, you may say, but surely, what we've seen on television about Saudi Islam
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자, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ, μ‚¬μš°λ”” μ΄μŠ¬λžŒμ— κ΄€ν•΄ ν…”λ ˆλΉ„μ Όμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 본것은
09:43
convinces us that it can't possibly be compatible
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그것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ 양립할 수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μ„€λ“ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:45
with what we consider the core of democracy --
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³ λ €ν•˜λŠ” 민주주의의 핡을 κ³ λ €ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ,
09:47
namely, free political choice, basic liberty and basic equality.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 자유 μ •μΉ˜ 선택, κΈ°λ³Έ μžμœ μ™€ 자유 평등.
09:51
But I'm here to tell you that technologies
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ œκ°€ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ κ·Έ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜λ €ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€
09:55
are more malleable than that.
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그것보닀 더 λͺ¨μ–‘이 λ³€ν˜•λ  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
I'm here to tell you that many, many Muslims believe --
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ λ§ν•˜λ € ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€ λ§Žμ€, λ§Žμ€ λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όλ“€μ€ λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€--
10:00
the vast majority, in fact -- in fact I think I would go so far as to say
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κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€, 사싀--사싀 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ œλ²• 이 μ£Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 멀리 κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”λ°
10:02
that many Muslims in Saudi Arabia believe that the core values of Islam,
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μ‚¬μš°λ”” 아라비아에 μžˆλŠ” λ§Žμ€ λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όλ“€μ΄ λ―ΏλŠ”κ²ƒμ€ 이슬람의 쀑심 κ°€μΉ˜λ“€μ€,
10:06
namely acknowledgement of God's sovereignty
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ‹ μ˜ 신성함을 μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것
10:08
and basic human equality before God,
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μ‹  μ•žμ—μ„œμ˜ 기본적인 인간 평등이,
10:11
are themselves compatible with liberty, equality and free political choice.
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자유, 평등과 자유둜운 μ •μΉ˜ 선택과 양립이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
And there are Muslims, many Muslims out there, who are saying precisely this.
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그리고 λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όλ“€μ΄, μ •ν™•νžˆ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
And they're making this argument wherever they're permitted to make it.
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또 그듀은 그듀이 λ§Œλ“œλŠ”κ²ƒμ„ ν—ˆκ°€λ°›μ€ μ–΄λŠκ³³μ—μ„œλ“ μ§€ 이것을 λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:23
But their governments, needless to say, are relatively threatened by this.
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ •λΆ€λŠ”, 말할 ν•„μš”λ„ 없이, 이것에 μ˜ν•΄ 비ꡐ적 μœ„ν˜‘μ„ λ°›κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:25
And for the most part try to stop them from making this argument.
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그리고 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ 이 λ…ΌμŸμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ©ˆμΆ”λ €κ³  μ‹œλ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
So, for example, a group of young activists in Egypt
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자, 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ— μžˆλŠ” μ Šμ€ μš΄λ™κ°€ 그룹이
10:32
try to form a party known as the Center Party,
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μ„Όν„° 당이라고 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 정당을 λ§Œλ“€λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
10:34
which advocated the compatibility of Islam and democracy.
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이슬람의 양립가λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό 민주주의λ₯Ό μ£Όμ°½ν•˜λ©΄μ„œμš”.
10:36
They weren't even allowed to form a party.
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그듀은 정당을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν—ˆλ½λ°›μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
They were actually blocked from even forming a party
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그듀은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 정당을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ λ§‰μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:40
under the political system there. Why?
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그곳의 μ •μΉ˜ μ œλ„ν•˜μ—μ„œμš”. μ™œμΌκΉŒμš”?
10:42
Because they would have done extraordinarily well.
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ 그듀은 λ―Ώμ„μˆ˜μ—†μ„μ •λ„λ‘œ 잘 ν•΄λ‚Ό 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
10:44
In the most recent elections in the Muslim world --
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무슬림 μ„Έκ³„λ‚΄μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 졜근 μ„ κ±°μ—μ„œλŠ”
10:46
which are those in Pakistan, those in Morocco
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νŒŒν‚€μŠ€νƒ„μ˜ λͺ¨λ‘œμ½”에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό
10:49
and those in Turkey -- in each case,
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터킀에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°, 각 μ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ
10:51
people who present themselves to the electorate as Islamic democrats
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이슬람의 μžμœ λ‹Ήμ›μœΌλ‘œ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
10:54
were far and away the most successful vote-getters
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멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ ΈμžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 성곡적인 νˆ¬ν‘œμžλ“€μ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
10:57
every place they were allowed to run freely.
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각 μž₯μ†Œμ—μ„œ 그듀은 자유슀럽게 μΆœλ§ˆν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ ν—ˆλ½μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
So in Morocco, for example, they finished third in the political race
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘œμ½”μ—μ„œλŠ”, 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 그듀은 μ •μΉ˜μ„ κ±°μ—μ„œ μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ λ§ˆμ³€μ§€λ§Œ
11:05
but they were only allowed to contest half the seats.
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그듀은 절반의 μ’Œμ„λ“€μ„ κ²½μŸν•˜λ„λ‘ ν—ˆλ½μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
11:07
So had they contested a larger number of the seats,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀이 λ”μš± λ§Žμ€ μ’Œμ„μœΌλ‘œ κ²½μŸν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄,
11:09
they would have done even better.
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그듀은 λ”μš± 더 μž˜ν•  수 μžˆμ„κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
Now what I want to suggest to you is that the reason for hope in this case
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자 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ μ œμ•ˆμ„ ν•˜κ³  싢은것은 이 μ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ 희망의 이유인데
11:14
is that we are on the edge of a real transformation in the Muslim world.
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그것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무슬림 μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‹€μ œ λ³€ν˜•μ˜ 선상에 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:19
And that's a transformation in which many sincerely believing Muslims --
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그리고 그것이 λ§Žμ€ μ§„μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όμ„ λ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œμ„œμ˜
11:23
who care very, very deeply about their traditions,
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그듀은 μ•„μ£Ό, μ•„μ£Ό 깊이 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 전톡을 λ°°λ €ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μΈλ°,
11:26
who do not want to compromise those values --
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κ·Έ κ°€μΉ˜λ“€μ„ νƒ€ν˜‘ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠκΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•˜λŠ”
11:29
believe, through the malleability of the technology of democracy
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민주주의의 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ˜ μœ μˆœν•¨μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ,
11:33
and the malleability and synthetic capability of the technology of Islam,
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또 이슬람의 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ˜ κ·Έ μœ μˆœν•¨κ³Ό 쒅합적인 λŠ₯λ ₯으둜,
11:38
that these two ideas can work together.
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이 두 아이디어듀이 ν˜‘λ™ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ λ―ΏλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄μ£ .
11:41
Now what would that look like?
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이제 그것은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³΄μΌκΉŒμš”?
11:43
What does it mean to say that there's an Islamic democracy?
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이슬람의 민주라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ¬΄μŠ¨λœ»μΈκ°€μš”?
11:46
Well, one thing is, it's not going to look identical
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, ν•œκ°€μ§€λŠ”, 그게 λ˜‘κ°™μ•„ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„κ±°λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:48
to democracy as we know it in the United States.
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³ μžˆλŠ” λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜ν•˜κ³ λŠ”μš”.
11:51
That may be a good thing, in light of some of the criticisms we've heard today --
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그건 μ•„λ§ˆ 쒋은 μΌμΌκ²λ‹ˆλ‹€, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 였늘 λ“€μ—ˆλ˜ λͺ‡κ°€μ§€μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œμš”,
11:54
for example, in the regulatory context -- of what democracy produces.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” κ·œμ •μ˜ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œμš”.
11:58
It will also not look exactly the way either the people in this room,
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그것은 λ˜ν•œ 이 회의μž₯에 μžˆλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 방식과도,
12:02
or Muslims out in the rest of the world --
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λ˜λŠ” 세계 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€μ˜ λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όλ“€μ˜ λ°©μ‹œκ³Όλ„ μ •ν™•νžˆ κ°™μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:04
I don't mean to imply there aren't Muslims here, there probably are --
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μ €λŠ” 여기에 무슬림이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ”κ±Έ ν•¨μΆ•ν•˜λ €λŠ” 뜻이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€,
12:07
conceptualize Islam.
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κ°œλ…ν™”λœ μ΄μŠ¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
It will be transformative of Islam as well.
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이슬람 λ˜ν•œ λ³€ν˜•μ μΈκ²ƒμ΄ λ˜κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
And as a result of this convergence,
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또 이 μ§‘ν•©μ μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ‘œμ„œ,
12:15
this synthetic attempt to make sense of these two ideas together,
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이 두 아이디어듀을 ν•¨κ»˜ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λŠ” 쒅합적인 μ‹œλ„λ‘œ,
12:19
there's a real possibility that, instead of a clash
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μ§„μ‹€λœ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ€,
12:22
of Islamic civilization -- if there is such a thing --
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이슬람 λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ λΆ•κ΄΄ λŒ€μ‹ μ—, 만일 그런게 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
12:25
and democratic civilization -- if there is such a thing --
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민주적인 λ¬Έλͺ… λŒ€μ‹ μ—, λ§Œμ•½ 그런게 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
12:27
we'll in fact have close compatibility.
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그건 사싀 κ·Όμ ‘ν•œ 양립가λŠ₯성일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
Now, I began with the war because it's the elephant in the room,
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자, μ €λŠ” μ „μŸμœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ μ™œλƒλ©΄ 그게 회의μž₯μ—μ„œ 그게 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ œμ΄κ³ ,
12:34
and you can't pretend that there isn't about to be a war
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또 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜μ„œλŠ” μ „μŸμ΄ 막 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ €κ³  ν•œλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ κ°€μ •ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:36
if you're talking about these issues.
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄μ€μš”
12:38
The war has tremendous risks for the model that I'm describing
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κ·Έ μ „μŸμ€ μ œκ°€ κΈ°μˆ ν•˜λŠ” κ·Έ λͺ¨λΈμ„ μœ„ν•œ ꡉμž₯ν•œ μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:41
because it's very possible that as a consequence of a war,
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ 그것은 μ „μŸμ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ‘œμ„œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 것 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈλ°,
12:44
many Muslims will conclude that the United States
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λ§Žμ€ λ¬΄μŠ¬λ¦Όλ“€μ΄ 결둠짓기λ₯Ό 미ꡭ이
12:47
is not the kind of place that they want to emulate
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그듀이 μ΄μ£Όν•˜κ³  싢은 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μž₯μ†Œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:49
with respect to its forms of political government.
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μ •μΉ˜μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
12:52
On the other hand, there's a further possibility that many Americans,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ”,세뢀적인 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλŠ”λ° λ§Žμ€ 미ꡭ인듀이,
12:55
swept up in the fever of a war, will say, and feel, and think
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μ „μŸμ˜ 열기에 μ“Έλ €κ°€μ„œ 말할것이고, λŠλ‚„κ²ƒμ΄κ³ , 또 생각할 것은
13:00
that Islam is the enemy somehow --
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μ΄μŠ¬λžŒμ€ μ–΄λŠμ •λ„ 적이라고
13:02
that Islam ought to be construed as the enemy.
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μ΄μŠ¬λžŒμ€ 적과 같이 이해 λ˜μ–΄μ Έμ•Όλ§Œ ν•œλ‹€κ³ μš”
13:05
And even though, for political tactical reasons,
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그리고 μ •μΉ˜μ μΈ μ •μ±…μƒμ˜ μ΄μœ λ“€μ— κ΄€ν•œκ²ƒμ€,
13:07
the president has been very, very good about saying that Islam is not the enemy,
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κ·Έ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ 이슬람이 적이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό λŠ₯μˆ™ν•΄ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„,
13:11
nonetheless, there's a natural impulse when one enters war
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , ν•œ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μ „μŸμ— λ“€μ–΄μ„€ λ•ŒλŠ” μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ° 강박이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:14
to think of the other side as an enemy.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ νŽΈμ„ μ μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
13:16
And one furthermore has the impulse to generalize, as much as possible,
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그리고
13:19
in defining who that enemy is.
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λˆ„κ°€ μ μΈμ§€μ˜ μ •μ˜λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ”κ²ƒμ—μ„œ 말이죠.
13:21
So the risks are very great.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, κ·Έ μœ„ν—˜μ€ μ•„μ£Ό λŒ€λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:23
On the other hand, the capacities for positive results in the aftermath of a war
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ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ”, μ „μŸμ˜ κ²°κ³Όμ—μ„œ 긍정적인 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λŠ₯λ ₯은
13:30
are also not to be underestimated,
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λ˜ν•œ κ³Όμ†Œν‰κ°€ λ˜μ§€ 말아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
13:32
even by, and I would say especially by, people
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심지어, μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€, νŠΉλ³„νžˆ
13:35
who are deeply skeptical about whether we should go to war in the first place.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° μ „μŸμ— κ°€μ•Όν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œ 깊이 μ˜μ‹¬μ„ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
13:38
Those who oppose the war ought to realize that if a war happens,
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μ „μŸμ„ λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 깨달아야 ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€ λ§Œμ•½ μ „μŸμ΄ 일어났닀면,
13:43
it cannot be the right strategy,
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그건 μ •λ‹Ήν•œ μ±…λž΅μ΄ 될 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
13:45
either pragmatically, or spiritually, or morally, to say after the war,
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μ‹€μš©μ μœΌλ‘œλ‚˜, μ •μ‹ μ μœΌλ‘œλ‚˜, λ„λ•μ μœΌλ‘œλ‚˜, μ „μŸμ΄ν›„λΌκ³  λ§ν•˜κΈ°μ—,
13:51
"Well, let's let it all run itself out, and play out however it wants to play out,
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"κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 그것이 슀슀둜 움직이도둝 내버렀 두고,그것이 끝내고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λŠ”λŒ€λ‘œ 내버렀 λ‘‘μ‹œλ‹€.
13:54
because we opposed the war in the first place."
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μ™œλƒλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „μŸμ„ μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° λ°˜λŒ€ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”."
13:56
That's not the way human circumstances operate.
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그것은 μΈκ°„μ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ΄ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:58
You face the circumstances you have in front of you
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ•žμ— λ†“μ—¬μžˆλŠ” ν™˜κ²½λ“€μ„ λŒ€λ©΄ν•˜κ³ 
14:00
and you go forward.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ „μ§„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:02
Well, what I'm here to say then is,
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 그러면 μ œκ°€ 이 μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ§ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€,
14:04
for people who are skeptical about the war,
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μ „μŸμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ˜μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
14:06
it's especially important to recognize that in the aftermath of the war
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특히 인식할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은 μ „μŸμ˜ μ—¬νŒŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:09
there is a possibility for the government of the United States
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이것은 λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ°€λŠ₯성이기도 ν•˜κ³ 
14:13
and the Muslim peoples with whom it interacts
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이에 μ„œλ‘œ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 무슬림 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ 것이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:16
to create real forms of government that are truly democratic
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이듀은 μ§„μ‹€λ‘œ 민주적인 μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ‹€μ œμ μΈ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ°½μ‘°ν•˜κ³ 
14:19
and also truly Islamic.
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λ˜ν•œ μ§„μ‹€λ‘œ μ΄μŠ¬λžŒμ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:21
And it is crucial -- it is crucial in a practical, activist way --
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그리고 그것은 λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 μ‹€μš©μ μΈ λ©΄μ—μ„œ, ν™œλ™κ°€μ μΈ λ©΄μ—μ„œ
14:25
for people who care about these issues to make sure
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ—λŒ€ν•΄ μ—Όλ €ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
14:29
that within the technology of democracy, in this system,
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이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ•ˆμ—μ„œ, 민주주의의 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ,
14:32
they exercise their preferences, their choices and their voices
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그듀이 그듀이 μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒκ³Ό, κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 선택듀과 λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ“€μ„ μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜κ³ ,
14:35
to encourage that outcome.
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ²©λ €ν•˜λ €λŠ”.
14:37
That's a hopeful message,
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그것은 희망적인 λ©”μ‹œμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
14:39
but it's a message that's hopeful only if you understand it
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 였직 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 그것을 이해할 λ•Œλ§Œμ΄ κ·Έ λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ” ν¬λ§μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:41
as incurring serious obligation for all of us.
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€ λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μ§„μ§€ν•œ μ˜λ¬΄κ°μ„ λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμš”.
14:44
And I think that we are capable of taking on that obligation,
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그리고 μ œκ°€ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ˜λ¬΄κ°μ„ μ·¨ν•  λŠ₯λ ₯이 μžˆμ„ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
14:47
but only if we put what we can into it.
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그것듀을 μ‹€ν˜„μ‹œν‚¬ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:50
And if we do, then I don't think that the hope will be unwarranted altogether.
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λ§Œμ•½μ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 이 희망이 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•˜κΈ°μ— λΆ€μ μ ˆν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:54
Thanks.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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