The psychological traits that shape your political beliefs | Dannagal G. Young

104,178 views ใƒป 2020-10-08

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์˜ˆ์†” ๊น€ ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
I'm a political and social psychologist.
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์ €๋Š” ์ •์น˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
I study how people understand the world
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์™€
00:18
and what this means for society and for democracy ...
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๊ทธ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
which, as it turns out, is quite a lot.
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ฝค ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Some people see the world as safe and good,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
00:27
and this allows them to be OK with uncertainty
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
00:30
and to take time to explore and play.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋†€์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
Others are acutely aware of threats in their environment,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋‚ ์นด๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
00:37
so they prioritize order and predictability
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์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ
00:40
over openness and experimentation.
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์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ž์„ธ์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
In my academic research,
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์ œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
00:45
I study how these two approaches shape how we think and feel
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์—์„œ ์ •์น˜๊นŒ์ง€
00:49
about everything from art to politics.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
I also explore how political elites
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค๊ณผ
00:55
and partisan media use these very differences
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ํŽธํŒŒ์  ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
00:58
to engender hatred and fear
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์ฆ์˜ค์™€ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
01:00
and how the economics of our media system exploit these same divides.
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ด ์ด ๋ถ„์—ด์„์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
But after studying this,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ›„์—
01:08
I have come away not with a sense that we are doomed to be divided
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์—ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:11
but that it's up to us to see both sets of traits
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์ด ๋‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ํ•„์š”์™€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€๋Š”
01:16
as necessary and even valuable.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Take for example two men who have been so influential in my own life.
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์— ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ ๋‘ ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
01:25
First, my late husband, Mike.
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๋จผ์ €, ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋‚จํŽธ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š”
01:28
He was an artist who saw the world as safe and good.
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
He welcomed ambiguity and play in his life.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ์„ ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‚ถ์— ๋งž์ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
In fact, we met through improv comedy
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
01:37
where he taught improvisers to listen and be open
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ๋“ฃ๊ณ , ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
01:40
and to be comfortable not knowing what was going to happen next.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
After we got married and had our baby boy,
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋“ค์„ ๋‚ณ์€ ๋’ค
01:48
Mike was diagnosed with a brain tumor.
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์ข…์–‘ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
And through months of hospitalizations and surgeries,
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์ž…์›๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ
01:55
I followed Mike's lead,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:57
trying to practice being open,
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์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์• ์“ฐ๋ฉฐ
02:00
trying to be OK not knowing what was going to happen next.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
It was Mike's tolerance for ambiguity
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๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
02:06
that allowed me to survive those months of uncertainty,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:10
and that helped me explore new ways to rebuild my life after he died.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋’ค, ์ œ ์‚ถ์„ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
About a year and a half after Mike passed away,
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋…„ ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„ ๋’ค์—
02:18
I met my current husband, PJ.
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ์ธ ํ”ผ์ œ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
PJ is a criminal prosecutor
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ํ”ผ์ œ์ด๋Š” ํ˜•์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ
02:24
who sees the world as potentially good
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:27
provided that threats are properly managed.
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์œ„ํ˜‘๋“ค์€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
He also is someone who embraces order and predictability
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๋˜ํ•œ ์งˆ์„œ์™€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ .
02:33
in his daily routine,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ
02:35
in the foods that he eats,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ์Œ์‹์—์„œ
02:37
in his selection of wardrobe.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋Š” ์˜ท์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:39
And PJ has a vicious wit,
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ํ”ผ์ œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‚ ์นด๋กœ์šด ์œ ๋จธ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:41
but he's also morally very serious
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๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„์ง€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:43
with a strong sense of duty and purpose.
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์˜๋ฌด์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ๋œป์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
And he values tradition, loyalty and family,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ํ†ต, ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์ถฉ์„ฑ์‹ฌ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
02:51
which is why at the age of 28
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด 28์‚ด์ž„์—๋„
02:54
he did not hesitate to marry a widow,
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๊ณผ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ €ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
adopt her baby boy
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•„๋“ค์„ ์ž…์–‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:59
and raise him as his son.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์•„๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ‚ค์› ๊ณ ์š”.
03:01
It was PJ's need for certainty and closure
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ํ”ผ์ œ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด
03:05
that brought stability to our lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
I share these two stories of Mike and PJ
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์™€ ํ”ผ์ œ์ด์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:11
not just because they're personal,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
03:13
but because they illustrate two things that I have found in my own research.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:17
First, that our psychological traits shape how we engage with the world,
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๋จผ์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ฎ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ
03:23
and second,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ
03:24
that both of these approaches make all of our lives possible.
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๋‘ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ชจ๋‘, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Tragically though, political and economic incentives of our media environment
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ทน์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ •์น˜, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์œ ์ธ์€
03:35
seek to exploit these differences
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์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
03:37
to get us angry,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™”๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ
03:39
to get our attention,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์„œ
03:40
to get clicks
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ํด๋ฆญ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ 
03:42
and to turn us against one another.
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋“ฑ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค ์ด์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And it works.
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์ž˜ ๋จนํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
03:46
It works in part because these same sets of traits
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๋จนํžˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด
03:50
are related to core political and cultural beliefs.
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์ •์น˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฏฟ์Œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
For years, political psychologists have studied
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„, ์ •์น˜์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์€
03:57
how our psychological traits shape our political beliefs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
We've conducted experiments to understand
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๋น„์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์ž๊ทน์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
04:03
how our psychology and our politics shape how we respond to apolitical stimuli.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
And this research has shown
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์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋“ฏ
04:11
that those people who are less concerned with threats,
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์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋œ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:14
who are tolerant of ambiguity,
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๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
these people tend to be more culturally and socially liberal
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„, ์„ฑ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
04:20
on matters like immigration or crime or sexuality.
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๋ฌธํ™”๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
And because they're tolerant of ambiguity,
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๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:26
they also tend to be OK with nuance
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๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณค ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:29
and they enjoy thinking for the sake of thinking,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
which helps explain why it is
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์ด๋Š” ์ขŒํŒŒ์™€ ์šฐํŒŒ์˜ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์  ์„ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:34
that there are distinct aesthetic preferences on the left and the right,
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์–ด์„œ,
04:39
with liberals more likely than conservatives
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ์ง„๋ณด์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜๋ณด๋‹ค
04:41
to appreciate things like abstract art
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์ถ”์ƒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉฐ
04:44
or even stories that lack a clear ending.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์ž˜ ๊ฐ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
In my experimental work,
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์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ
04:49
I've also found that these differences help explain
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ญ์„ค์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ํ’์ž๊ฐ€
04:52
why ironic, political satire is more likely to be appreciated
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๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง„๋ณด์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
04:56
and understood by liberals than conservatives.
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์ž˜ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
On the other hand,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
05:01
those people who are monitoring for threats,
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์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
05:03
who prefer certainty and closure,
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
05:05
those tend to be our political, cultural, social conservatives.
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์ •์น˜, ๋ฌธํ™”, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ผ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Because they're on alert,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:12
they also make decisions quickly and efficiently,
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์ง๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:15
guided by intuition and emotion.
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
And we've found that these traits help explain
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์€
05:20
why conservatives enjoy political opinion talk programming
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์™œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜ํ† ๋ก  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
that clearly and efficiently identifies threats and enemies.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:29
What is essential though
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:31
is that these propensities are not absolute --
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:34
they're not fixed.
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๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
There are liberals who are monitoring for threats
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์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„๋ณด์ฃผ์˜์ž๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
05:39
just as there are conservatives who are tolerant of ambiguity.
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๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
In fact, PJ's political beliefs
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ํ”ผ์ œ์ด์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์‹ ๋…์€
05:45
are not that radically different from those that Mike held.
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋…๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
The link between psychology and politics is contingent on context:
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ •์น˜ํ•™์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
who we're with and what's going on around us.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์š”.
05:57
The problem is that right now,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ, ํ˜„์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
our dominant context,
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์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์†์—์„œ,
06:01
our political and media context,
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์ •์น˜์™€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์†์—์„œ
06:04
actually needs these differences to be absolute,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•„์š”์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
06:09
to be reinforced
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๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ
06:10
and even to be weaponized.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
For reasons related to power and profit,
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
06:17
some in politics and media want us to believe
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์–ด๋–ค ์ •์น˜์™€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š”
06:19
that those people who approach the world differently from us --
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
06:23
the Mikes or the PJs --
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ ๊ฐ™๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ”ผ์ œ์ด๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
06:25
themselves are dangerous.
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
And social media platforms use algorithms and microtargeting
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  SNS๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:31
to deliver divisive messages
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๋ถ„์—ด์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
in our preferred messaging aesthetic.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:38
Messages that relate to politics, culture and race.
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์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ •์น˜์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋‚˜ ์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:42
And we see the devastating effects of these messages every single day.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์˜ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Americans who are angry and fearful of the other side.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ
06:50
Charges of the other side destroying America.
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์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„๋‚œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
But stop and think for a moment.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:57
What would happen if those differences had never been weaponized?
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:02
It is liberal inclinations towards openness and flexibility
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์—ด๋ฆฐ ์ž์„ธ์™€ ์œ ์—ฐํ•จ์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„๋ณด์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€
07:06
that allow us to cope with uncertainty
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
07:09
and that allow us to explore new paths towards innovation, creativity --
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ํ˜์‹ , ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ, ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
scientific discovery.
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07:17
Think of things like space travel or cures for diseases
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—ฌํ–‰์ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ •๋ณต
07:22
or art that imagines and reimagines a better world.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์žฌํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:27
And those conservative inclinations towards vigilance and security
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๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
07:33
and tradition.
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์ „ํ†ต์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
These are the things that motivate us
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:36
to do what must be done
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
for our own protection and stability.
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07:41
Think of the safety that's offered by our armed forces
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๋ฌด์žฅํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์€ํ–‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ณด์•ˆ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š”
07:44
or the security of our banking system.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•จ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:47
Or think about the stability
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์› ์˜๋ฌด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ์ œ๋„๋‚˜
07:49
that's offered by such democratic institutions as jury duty,
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๋…๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ๋…์ผ์— ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ๋†€์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ „ํ†ต์ด ์ฃผ๋Š”
07:53
or cultural traditions like fireworks on the Fourth of July.
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์•ˆ์ •์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
07:58
What if the real threat posed to society and democracy
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์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์งœ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด
08:03
is not actually posed by the other side?
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์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
08:06
What if the real danger is posed by political and media elites
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์ง„์งœ ์œ„ํ˜‘์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ ์—†์ด
08:11
who try to get us to think
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:12
that we'd be better off without the other side
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์—ด์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ,๊ธˆ์œต์ , ์ •์น˜์  ์ด๋“์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
08:15
and who use these divisions for their own personal,
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์ •์น˜์™€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
08:19
financial, political benefit?
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08:23
Mike and PJ engaged with the world very differently,
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ์™€ ํ”ผ์ œ์ด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:27
but these distinct approaches continue to enrich my life every day.
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์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋งค์ผ์„ ํ’์š”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Instead of our political and media context
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์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์ด ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ •์ง“๊ณ 
08:35
determining that the other side is the enemy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฏฟ๋„๋ก ์ด๋„๋Š”
08:38
and lulling us into believing that that's true,
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์ •์น˜์™€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
08:42
what if we choose to create the context?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
08:45
Real people connecting with other real people,
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์ง„์งœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด
08:49
appreciating these two approaches for what they are:
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๋‘ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
necessary gifts that can help us all survive and thrive together.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
08:59
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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