Meet the inventor of the electronic spreadsheet | Dan Bricklin

380,923 views ใƒป 2017-02-01

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Crawford Hunt Reviewer: Brian Greene
0
0
7000
๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Davin Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : hansom Lee
00:12
How many of you have used an electronic spreadsheet,
1
12760
2975
๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์—‘์…€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์ž ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ
00:15
like Microsoft Excel?
2
15760
1480
์จ๋ณธ ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:18
Very good.
3
18240
1256
์ข‹์•„์š”.
00:19
Now, how many of you have run a business with a spreadsheet by hand,
4
19520
4576
์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:24
like my dad did for his small printing business in Philadelphia?
5
24120
3080
์ €ํฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ธ์‡„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
00:28
A lot less.
6
28160
1160
ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ๋„ค์š”.
00:29
Well, that's the way it was done for hundreds of years.
7
29920
2600
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ . ์ € ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์™”๋˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
In early 1978, I started working on an idea
8
33480
3016
1978๋…„ ์ดˆ, ์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:36
that eventually became VisiCalc.
9
36520
2400
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด "๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ(VisiCalc)"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
And the next year it shipped
10
39480
1656
๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œํ•ด, ๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ(VisiCalc)๋Š”
00:41
running on something new called an Apple II personal computer.
11
41160
3279
์• ํ”Œ 2๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์šด์˜๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:45
You could tell that things had really changed when, six years later,
12
45240
4056
๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 6๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋’ค์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:49
the Wall Street Journal ran an editorial
13
49320
2176
์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์ €๋„์€ ๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ 
00:51
that assumed you knew what VisiCalc was and maybe even were using it.
14
51520
3280
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์–ด๋””์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
Steve Jobs back in 1990
15
55760
2960
1990๋…„์— ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์žก์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:59
said that "spreadsheets propelled the industry forward."
16
59160
3240
"์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์‹œํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์†์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:02
"VisiCalc propelled the success of Apple more than any other single event."
17
62880
3920
"๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ๋Š” ์• ํ”Œ์˜ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:07
On a more personal note,
18
67440
1160
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์˜๊ฒฌ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Steve said, "If VisiCalc had been written for some other computer,
19
69600
3136
"๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์˜€๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
01:12
you'd be interviewing somebody else right now."
20
72760
2200
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ ." ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
01:15
So, VisiCalc was instrumental in getting personal computers on business desks.
21
75360
6376
๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜€๋˜ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
01:21
How did it come about?
22
81760
1160
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:23
What was it? What did I go through to make it be what it was?
23
83680
2920
๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ, ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:27
Well, I first learned to program back in 1966, when I was 15 --
24
87920
5336
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฑด 1966๋…„, ์ œ๊ฐ€ 15์‚ด ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
just a couple months after this photo was taken.
25
93280
2240
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์€ ์ง€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 2๋‹ฌ ๋’ค์˜€์ฃ .
01:36
Few high schoolers had access to computers in those days.
26
96200
2960
์ด๋•Œ๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋งŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
But through luck and an awful lot of perseverance,
27
99560
3496
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šด๊ณผ ์ €์˜ ์ง€๋…ํ•œ ๋ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•๋ถ„์—
01:43
I was able to get computer time around the city.
28
103080
2240
์ €๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
After sleeping in the mud at Woodstock, I went off to MIT to go to college,
29
106200
4880
์šฐ๋“œ์Šคํƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ง„ํ•™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด MIT๋กœ ๊ฐ”๊ณ 
01:51
where to make money, I worked on the Multics Project.
30
111520
3080
๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฑ์Šค(Multics) ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Multics was a trailblazing interactive time-sharing system.
31
115320
5016
๋ฉ€ํ‹ฑ์Šค๋Š” ์„ ๊ตฌ์ ์ด๋ผ ํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์‹œ๋ถ„ํ•  ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
Have you heard of the Linux and Unix operating systems?
32
120360
3176
๋ฆฌ๋ˆ…์Šค ํ˜น์€ ์œ ๋‹‰์Šค ์šด์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:03
They came from Multics.
33
123560
1240
๊ทธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฑ์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
I worked on the Multics versions
34
125320
2296
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฑ์Šค ๋ฒ„์ „์€
02:07
of what are known as interpreted computer languages,
35
127640
3816
ํ•ด์„๊ธฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ์„œ
02:11
that are used by people in noncomputer fields
36
131480
2456
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
02:13
to do their calculations while seated at a computer terminal.
37
133960
3000
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
After I graduated from MIT,
38
137560
2256
MIT๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•œ ๋’ค์—๋Š”
02:19
I went to work for Digital Equipment Corporation.
39
139840
2840
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ดํ…๋จผํŠธ ์ฝ”ํผ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜(DEC)์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
At DEC, I worked on software
40
143320
3176
DEC์—์„œ๋Š”
์ „์ž ์กฐํŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:26
for the new area of computerized typesetting.
41
146520
2840
02:29
I helped newspapers replace their reporters' typewriters
42
149800
4336
๊ทธ ๋•์— ์‹ ๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์ด ํƒ€์ž๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
with computer terminals.
43
154160
1200
02:35
I'd write software
44
155880
1216
์ €๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:37
and then I'd go out in the field to places like the Kansas City Star,
45
157120
3696
์บ”์ž์Šค ์‹œํ‹ฐ ์Šคํƒ€ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
02:40
where I would train users and get feedback.
46
160840
2416
์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
This was real-world experience
47
163280
1856
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:45
that is quite different than what I saw in the lab at MIT.
48
165160
3240
MIT์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ญ‡ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
After that, I was project leader
49
169880
2616
๊ทธ ํ›„, ์ €๋Š” DEC์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์›Œ๋“œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋งก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
of the software for DEC's first word processor, again a new field.
50
172520
4800
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜€์ฃ .
02:57
Like with typesetting, the important thing was crafting a user interface
51
177720
5496
์ „์ž ์กฐํŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:03
that was both natural and efficient for noncomputer people to use.
52
183240
4080
์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
After I was at DEC, I went to work for a small company
53
188360
3976
DEC์„ ๋‚˜์˜จ ํ›„์—๋Š”
ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜
03:12
that made microprocessor-based electronic cash registers for the fast-food industry.
54
192360
6120
์ „์ž๊ธˆ์ „ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
But I had always wanted to start a company with my friend Bob Frankston
55
199360
3696
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฅ ํ”„๋žญํฌ์Šคํ†ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
that I met on the Multics project at MIT.
56
203080
2376
MIT ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฑ์Šค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ฃ .
03:25
So I decided to go back to school to learn as much as I could about business.
57
205480
3696
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:29
And in the fall of 1977,
58
209200
2776
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 1977๋…„ ๊ฐ€์„์—
03:32
I entered the MBA program at Harvard Business School.
59
212000
3000
ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Œ€ํ•™์›์˜ MBA ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ž…ํ•™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
I was one of the few percentage of students
60
215840
2496
์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
03:38
who had a background in computer programming.
61
218360
2840
๋ช‡ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:42
There's a picture of me from the yearbook sitting in the front row.
62
222080
3176
์กธ์—… ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์•ž ์ค„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €์˜ˆ์š”.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:45
(Laughter)
63
225280
1016
๊ทธ๋•Œ, ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Now, at Harvard, we learned by the case method.
64
226320
2616
03:48
We'd do about three cases a day.
65
228960
1936
ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์•ฝ 3๊ฑด ์ •๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:50
Cases consist of up to a few dozen pages describing particular business situations.
66
230920
5720
์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์—ฌ ์ชฝ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
They often have exhibits, and exhibits often have words and numbers
67
237600
4576
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์„
04:02
laid out in ways that make sense for the particular situation.
68
242200
3160
ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
They're usually all somewhat different.
69
245840
1936
๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Here's my homework.
70
247800
1216
์ด๊ฑด ์ œ ์ˆ™์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Again, numbers, words, laid out in ways that made sense.
71
249040
3176
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ˆซ์ž์™€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:12
Lots of calculations -- we got really close to our calculators.
72
252240
4080
๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
In fact, here's my calculator.
73
256720
1880
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:20
For Halloween, I went dressed up as a calculator.
74
260200
2776
ํ• ๋กœ์œˆ์— ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:23
(Laughter)
75
263000
1440
(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:25
At the beginning of each class, the professor would call on somebody
76
265785
3191
๋งค ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์ž‘๋งˆ๋‹ค
๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
to present the case.
77
269000
1279
04:31
What they would do is they would explain what was going on
78
271079
2777
ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:33
and then dictate information that the professor would transcribe
79
273880
3736
์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์น ํŒ์— ์“ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์จ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
onto the many motorized blackboards in the front of the class,
80
277640
2905
04:40
and then we'd have a discussion.
81
280569
1527
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:42
One of the really frustrating things is when you've done all your homework,
82
282120
4456
์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ขŒ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ๋๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:46
you come in the next day only to find out that you made an error
83
286600
3016
๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚ , ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์—
04:49
and all of the other numbers you did were wrong.
84
289640
2536
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „๋ถ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
And you couldn't participate as well.
85
292200
1776
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
04:54
And we were marked by class participation.
86
294000
2240
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ถœ์„ ์ ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
So, sitting there with 87 other people in the class, I got to daydream a lot.
87
297320
4920
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” 87๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ํ‹ˆ์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ณต์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Most programmers in those days worked on mainframes,
88
303280
3856
๋‹น์‹œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋จธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์•™ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:07
building things like inventory systems, payroll systems and bill-paying systems.
89
307160
6336
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์žฌ๊ณ , ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ๋Œ€์žฅ, ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:13
But I had worked on interactive word processing
90
313520
2496
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์›Œ๋“œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์‹ฑ๊ณผ
05:16
and on-demand personal computation.
91
316040
2096
์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž‘ ๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Instead of thinking about paper printouts and punch cards,
92
318160
4280
์ €๋Š” ์ข…์ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ฒœ๊ณต ์นด๋“œ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
05:22
I imagined a magic blackboard
93
322880
2776
๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์น ํŒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:25
that if you erased one number and wrote a new thing in,
94
325680
3376
์ˆซ์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์šฐ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋ฉด
05:29
all of the other numbers would automatically change,
95
329080
2856
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์น ํŒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:31
like word processing with numbers.
96
331960
1760
์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์›Œ๋“œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์‹ฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
05:34
I imagined that my calculator had mouse hardware on the bottom of it
97
334600
4240
์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ‘์— ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:39
and a head-up display, like in a fighter plane.
98
339240
2960
์ „ํˆฌ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ „๋ฐฉ ์‹œํ–ฅ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
And I could type some numbers in, and circle it, and press the sum button.
99
342720
4136
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์›์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๊ณ„ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ๋„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:46
And right in the middle of a negotiation I'd be able to get the answer.
100
346880
3736
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ต์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Now I just had to take my fantasy and turn it into reality.
101
350640
3000
์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
My father taught me about prototyping.
102
354640
2440
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
He showed me mock-ups
103
357560
1616
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ค๋ฌผ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
that he'd make to figure out the placement on the page
104
359200
3336
์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‡„ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
for the things for brochures that he was printing.
105
362560
2536
06:05
And he'd use it to get feedback from customers
106
365120
2936
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
06:08
and OKs before he sent the job off to the presses.
107
368080
3600
์ถœํŒ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋จผ์ € ํ™•์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
06:12
The act of making a simple, working version of what you're trying to build
108
372440
5096
๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ž‘์—…๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:17
forces you to uncover key problems.
109
377560
2320
ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
And it lets you find solutions to those problems much less expensively.
110
380720
4400
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
06:25
So I decided to build a prototype.
111
385720
2240
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
I went to a video terminal connected to Harvard's time-sharing system
112
388760
4576
์ €๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์˜ ์‹œ๋ถ„ํ•  ์šด์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์˜์ƒ ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
06:33
and got to work.
113
393360
1496
์ž‘์—…์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
One of the first problems that I ran into was:
114
394880
3256
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
06:38
How do you represent values in formulas?
115
398160
2680
๊ฐ’์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
Let me show you what I mean.
116
401280
1360
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
06:44
I thought that you would point somewhere,
117
404000
2176
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:46
type in some words, then type in some somewhere else,
118
406200
3096
๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
put in some numbers and some more numbers, point where you want the answer.
119
409320
3524
์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ต์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
And then point to the first, press minus, point to the second,
120
413240
3216
์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅดํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅดํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:56
and get the result.
121
416480
1200
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:58
The problem was: What should I put in the formula?
122
418360
3416
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
It had to be something the computer knew what to put in.
123
421800
2620
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
07:04
And if you looked at the formula,
124
424444
1692
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
07:06
you needed to know where on the screen it referred to.
125
426160
3000
ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฐ’์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
The first thing I thought was the programmer way of doing it.
126
429840
2896
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:12
The first time you pointed to somewhere,
127
432760
1905
์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:14
the computer would ask you to type in a unique name.
128
434689
2680
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
It became pretty clear pretty fast that that was going to be too tedious.
129
438760
3776
์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋นจ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ท€์ฐฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:22
The computer had to automatically make up the name and put it inside.
130
442560
3240
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
So I thought, why not make it be the order in which you create them?
131
446600
4360
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์™œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ์ •๋ ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:31
I tried that. Value 1, value 2.
132
451480
2496
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ’1, ๊ฐ’2๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
Pretty quickly I saw that if you had more than a few values
133
454000
2762
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
07:36
you'd never remember on the screen where things were.
134
456786
2510
๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ  .
07:39
Then I said, why not instead of allowing you to put values anywhere,
135
459320
5296
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ’์„ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฐ๋‚˜ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
07:44
I'll restrict you to a grid?
136
464640
1600
๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:46
Then when you pointed to a cell,
137
466720
2216
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์นธ์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:48
the computer could put the row and column in as a name.
138
468960
2720
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์นธ์˜ ํ–‰๊ณผ ์—ด์„ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
And, if I did it like a map and put ABC across the top and numbers along the side,
139
472640
6176
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ง€๋„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์œ„์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋กœ ABC๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ธ๋กœ๋กœ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•ด์„œ
07:58
if you saw B7 in a formula,
140
478840
2896
์ˆ˜์‹์—์„œ B7์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:01
you'd know exactly where it was on the screen.
141
481760
2200
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ™”๋ฉด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
And if you had to type the formula in yourself, you'd know what to do.
142
484640
4240
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ง์ ‘ ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:09
Restricting you to a grid helped solve my problem.
143
489440
3080
๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ–ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
It also opened up new capabilities, like the ability to have ranges of cells.
144
493200
5600
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ . ์นธ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:19
But it wasn't too restrictive --
145
499360
1576
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
you could still put any value, any formula, in any cell.
146
500960
4320
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ’, ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜์‹์ด๋ผ๋„ ์•„๋ฌด ์นธ์—๋‚˜ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
And that's the way we do it to this day, almost 40 years later.
147
506120
3840
40๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
08:31
My friend Bob and I decided that we were going to build this product together.
148
511109
3667
์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฅ๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
I did more work figuring out exactly how the program was supposed to behave.
149
514800
4416
์ €๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ž‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:39
I wrote a reference card to act as documentation.
150
519240
3256
์ €๋Š” ์š”์•ฝ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
It also helped me ensure that the user interface I was defining
151
522520
4776
์ด ์นด๋“œ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ
08:47
could be explained concisely and clearly to regular people.
152
527320
3479
๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
Bob worked in the attic of the apartment he rented in Arlington, Massachusetts.
153
531520
5416
๋ฐฅ์€ ๋งค์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์ธ ์ฃผ ์•Œ๋งํ„ด์˜ ์ž„๋Œ€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋‹ค๋ฝ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
This is the inside of the attic.
154
536960
1720
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋‹ค๋ฝ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Bob bought time on the MIT Multics System
155
540240
2776
๋ฐฅ์€ MIT ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฑ์Šค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:03
to write computer code on a terminal like this.
156
543040
2720
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์งœ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
And then he would download test versions to a borrowed Apple II
157
546400
3496
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ ์• ํ”Œ2 ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์ „ํ™”์„ ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์Œํ–ฅ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
09:09
over a phone line using an acoustic coupler,
158
549920
3256
ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ๋’ค์—
09:13
and then we would test.
159
553200
1160
๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
For one of these tests I prepared for this case about the Pepsi Challenge.
160
554920
4720
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ธ "ํŽฉ์‹œ ์ฑŒ๋ฆฐ์ง€"์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
Print wasn't working yet, so I had to copy everything down.
161
560720
2920
์ธ์‡„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
Save wasn't working, so every time it crashed,
162
564480
2416
์ €์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์‹์ด ๊นจ์งˆ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
09:26
I had to type in all of the formulas again, over and over again.
163
566920
3000
๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:30
The next day in class, I raised my hand; I got called on, and I presented the case.
164
570240
3976
๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:34
I did five-year projections. I did all sorts of different scenarios.
165
574240
3576
์ €๋Š” 5๋…„์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
I aced the case. VisiCalc was already useful.
166
577840
3680
์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ ์šฐ๋“ฑ์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ชซ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:42
The professor said, "How did you do it?"
167
582160
2600
๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€?"
09:45
Well, I didn't want to tell him about our secret program.
168
585469
2667
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋น„๋ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
09:48
(Laughter)
169
588160
1520
(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:50
So I said, "I took this and added this
170
590200
1856
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
"์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋บ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:52
and multiplied by this and subtracted that."
171
592080
2096
๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์Œ, ์–ด์งธ์„œ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ?"
09:54
He said, "Well, why didn't you use a ratio?"
172
594200
2096
09:56
I said, "Hah! A ratio -- that wouldn't have been as exact!"
173
596320
3016
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ฃ . "ํ•˜! ๋น„์œจ-- ๋น„์œจ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฑธ์š”!"
09:59
What I didn't say was, "Divide isn't working yet."
174
599360
2576
"๋‚˜๋ˆ—์…ˆ์€ ์•„์ง ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”." ์ด ๋ง์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
(Laughter)
175
601960
3096
(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:05
Eventually, though, we did finish enough of VisiCalc
176
605080
3856
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด์„œ
10:08
to be able to show it to the public.
177
608960
1840
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
My dad printed up a sample reference card
178
611440
1976
์ €ํฌ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ํ™๋ณด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
10:13
that we could use as marketing material.
179
613440
2000
์š”์•ฝ ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‡„ํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ์ฃ .
10:16
In June of 1979, our publisher announced VisiCalc to the world,
180
616280
5776
1979๋…„ 6์›”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ ๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
in a small booth at the giant National Computer Conference in New York City.
181
622080
4120
๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ•™ํšŒ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€์Šค์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:26
The New York Times had a humorous article about the conference.
182
626800
4160
๋‰ด์š• ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ์— ์ด ํ™•ํšŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
"The machines perform what seem religious rites ...
183
631480
2456
"์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ข…๊ต ์˜์‹๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
Even as the believers gather,
184
633960
1381
์‹ ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ์ฝœ๋กœ์„ธ์›€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์— ํ™”๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ
10:35
the painters in the Coliseum sign room are adding to the pantheon,
185
635365
3096
ํŒํ…Œ์˜จ ์‹ ์ „์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
carefully lettering 'VISICALC' in giant black on yellow.
186
638485
3171
๋…ธ๋ž€ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์— ๊ฒ€์€ ๊ธ€์”จ๋กœ 'VISICALC'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
All hail VISICALC!"
187
641680
1816
"๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ ๋งŒ์„ธ!"
10:43
(Gasp) New York Times: "All hail VISICALC."
188
643520
3576
(ํ—‰) ๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ ์™ˆ, "๋น„์ง€์ปฌํฌ ๋งŒ์„ธ."๋ผ๋„ค์š”
10:47
(Laughter)
189
647120
1496
(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:48
That was the last mention of the electronic spreadsheet
190
648640
4256
2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ์–ธ๋ก ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ „์ž ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ์‹œํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:52
in the popular business press for about two years.
191
652920
3896
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
Most people didn't get it yet.
192
656840
2136
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•Œ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:59
But some did.
193
659000
1200
์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
In October of 1979, we shipped VisiCalc.
194
660920
4200
1979 ๋…„ 10 ์›”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถœํ•˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
It came in packaging that looked like this.
195
665880
2816
๋น„์ง€์บ˜ํฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ œํ’ˆ ํฌ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
And it looked like this running on the Apple II.
196
668720
2480
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์• ํ”Œ 2 ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
And the rest, as they say, is history.
197
672000
1960
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋„, ํ”ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋“ฏ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
Now, there's an awful lot more to this story,
198
674360
2096
์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋งˆ๋งˆํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:16
but that'll have to wait for another day.
199
676480
2056
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
One thing, though, Harvard remembers.
200
678560
2240
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€, ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
Here's that classroom.
201
681400
1200
์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๊ต์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
They put up a plaque to commemorate what happened there.
202
683240
3440
์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋…ํŒ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
(Applause)
203
687640
2400
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
But it also serves as a reminder
204
696400
2936
11:39
that you, too, should take your unique backgrounds, skills and needs
205
699360
5496
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
and build prototypes to discover and work out the key problems,
206
704880
5256
๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:50
and through that, change the world.
207
710160
2120
์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:53
Thank you.
208
713040
1216
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
(Applause)
209
714280
4600
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7