Lisa Margonelli: The political chemistry of oil

19,085 views ใƒป 2010-08-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Su Jeong Han ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seo Rim Kim
00:15
So I'm going to talk to you about you about the political chemistry of oil spills
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์œ ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ์ž‘์šฉ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
and why this is an incredibly important,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ๋งŒํผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
long, oily, hot summer,
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๊ธธ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๋‚€, ๋”์šด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
00:23
and why we need to keep ourselves from getting distracted.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ ์ด๊ณณ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
But before I talk about the political chemistry,
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์ •์น˜์  ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
00:28
I actually need to talk about the chemistry of oil.
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๋จผ์ € ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
This is a photograph from when I visited
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ 2002๋…„์— ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด
00:33
Prudhoe Bay in Alaska in 2002
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ํ”„๋ฃจ๋“œํ˜ธ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€์„๋•Œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
to watch the Minerals Management Service
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๊ด‘๋ฌผ ์ž์› ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น™ํ•˜์— ์œ ์ถœ๋œ
00:38
testing their ability
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š”์ง€
00:40
to burn oil spills in ice.
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ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:42
And what you see here is, you see a little bit of crude oil,
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์ด์ชฝ์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์›์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
you see some ice cubes,
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๊ฐ๋น™๋„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
00:46
and you see two sandwich baggies of napalm.
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2๊ฐœ์˜ ๋„ค์ดํŒœํƒ„ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
The napalm is burning there quite nicely.
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๋„ค์ดํŒœํƒ€์€ ๊ฝค ์ž˜ ํƒ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”
00:51
And the thing is, is that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
00:53
oil is really an abstraction for us as the American consumer.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์€, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
We're four percent of the world's population;
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 4%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:58
we use 25 percent of the world's oil production.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 25%๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
And we don't really understand what oil is,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ถ„์ž(์š”์†Œ)๋“ค๊ณผ
01:04
until you check out its molecules,
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ด ํƒ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง„
01:06
And you don't really understand that until you see this stuff burn.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
So this is what happens as that burn gets going.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ด ํƒ€๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
It takes off. It's a big woosh.
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ํƒ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํœ™ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
I highly recommend that you get a chance to see crude oil burn someday,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์›์œ ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒ์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
because you will never need to hear another poli sci lecture
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์™œ๋‚˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์˜ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:19
on the geopolitics of oil again.
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์น˜ํ•™ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋“ค์œผ์‹ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
It'll just bake your retinas.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ง๋ง‰๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตํ˜€๋ฒ„๋ฆด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
So there it is; the retinas are baking.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง๋ง‰์ด ์ต์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:26
Let me tell you a little bit about this chemistry of oil.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Oil is a stew of hydrocarbon molecules.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์€ ํƒ„ํ™” ์ˆ˜์†Œ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
It starts of with the very small ones,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์›์ž์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์ง€์š”.
01:34
which are one carbon, four hydrogen --
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ํƒ„์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€, ์ˆ˜์†Œ ๋„ค ๊ฐœ
01:36
that's methane -- it just floats off.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌผ์— ๋‘ฅ๋‘ฅ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Then there's all sorts of intermediate ones with middle amounts of carbon.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ž”๋œฉ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
You've probably heard of benzene rings; they're very carcinogenic.
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๋ฒค์   ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์•” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:44
And it goes all the way over
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
01:46
to these big, thick, galumphy ones that have hundreds of carbons,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์—ฌ
01:48
and they have thousands of hydrogens,
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ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‘๊ป๊ณ , ํˆฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
and they have vanadium and heavy metals and sulfur
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋“๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ธˆ์†, ํ™ฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
01:52
and all kinds of craziness hanging off the sides of them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์žก๋‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Those are called the asphaltenes; they're an ingredient in asphalt.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„์ŠคํŒํ…์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”, ์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ์˜ ์›๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
They're very important in oil spills.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์œ ์ถœ์— ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:59
Let me tell you a little bit about
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€
02:01
the chemistry of oil in water.
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์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
It is this chemistry that makes oil so disastrous.
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์ด ์ž‘์šฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์žฌ๋‚œ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ฃ .
02:07
Oil doesn't sink, it floats.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์€ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์— ๋œน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
If it sank, it would be a whole different story as far as an oil spill.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:12
And the other thing it does is it spreads out the moment it hits the water.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์ง•์€, ๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ฟ์ž๋งˆ์ž ํผ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
It spreads out to be really thin,
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์•„์ฃผ ์–‡๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:17
so you have a hard time corralling it.
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๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
The next thing that happens
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š”,
02:21
is the light ends evaporate,
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์ชฝ์€ ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
02:24
and some of the toxic things float into the water column
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๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋งŒ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์— ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
and kill fish eggs
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์•Œ์ด๋‚˜
02:29
and smaller fish and things like that, and shrimp.
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค, ์ƒˆ์šฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ด์ฃ .
02:32
And then the asphaltenes -- and this is the crucial thing --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ŠคํŒํ… ์—ญํ• ์ด ํฐ๋ฐ์š”,
02:34
the asphaltenes get whipped by the waves
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์•„์ŠคํŒํ…์ด ํŒŒ๋„์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋ฉด
02:37
into a frothy emulsion, something like mayonnaise.
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๊ฑฐํ’ˆ ์œ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์š”๋„ค์ฆˆ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
02:39
It triples the amount
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๋ฌผ์— ์›๋ž˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
02:41
of oily, messy goo that you have in the water,
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง„๋“์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ ,
02:44
and it makes it very hard to handle.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
It also makes it very viscous.
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์ ์„ฑ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
02:48
When the Prestige sank off the coast of Spain,
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ํ”„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ์ง€ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ ์นจ๋ชฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
02:51
there were big, floating cushions the size of sofa cushions
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์œ ํ™”๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ด ์–ด์ฐŒ๋‚˜ ์ปธ๋Š”์ง€, ์†ŒํŒŒ ์ฟ ์…˜ ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
02:54
of emulsified oil,
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๋‘ฅ๋‘ฅ ๋– ๋‹ค๋…”์ฃ .
02:56
with the consistency, or the viscosity, of chewing gum.
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์‹œ์ข…์ผ๊ด€ ๊ปŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”.
02:58
It's incredibly hard to clean up.
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
And every single oil is different when it hits water.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ฟ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
When the chemistry of the oil and water
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด
03:05
also hits our politics,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
it's absolutely explosive.
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๊ฐ€ํžˆ ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์ด์ฃ .
03:09
For the first time, American consumers
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€
03:11
will kind of see the oil supply chain in front of themselves.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„์œ  ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
They have a "eureka!" moment,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •ํ™ฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:17
when we suddenly understand oil in a different context.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฑฐ์•ผ"ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
So I'm going to talk just a little bit about the origin of these politics,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ •์น˜์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:23
because it's really crucial to understanding
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™œ ์ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:25
why this summer is so important, why we need to stay focused.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:28
Nobody gets up in the morning and thinks,
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์•„์นจ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜
03:30
"Wow! I'm going to go buy
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"์™€, ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ 3๊ฐœ์—์„œ 12๊ฐœ ์ •๋„์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์„œ
03:32
some three-carbon-to-12-carbon molecules to put in my tank
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๋‚ด ํƒฑํฌ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์šด์ „ํ•ด์„œ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ์ง€"
03:34
and drive happily to work."
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๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
No, they think, "Ugh. I have to go buy gas.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ "์œฝ, ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค .
03:38
I'm so angry about it. The oil companies are ripping me off.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ ํ™”๋‚˜. ์ •์œ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์”Œ์šฐ์ง€.
03:40
They set the prices, and I don't even know.
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๋‚˜๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ •ํ•ด๋†“๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์•ผ.
03:42
I am helpless over this."
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๋‚œ ์†์ˆ˜๋ฌด์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ "
03:44
And this is what happens to us at the gas pump --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์œ ์†Œ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
and actually, gas pumps are specifically designed
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ฐ€์Šค ํŽŒํ”„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:48
to diffuse that anger.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:50
You might notice that many gas pumps, including this one,
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์œ  ํŽŒํ”„๋“ค์ด
03:52
are designed to look like ATMs.
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ATM๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
I've talked to engineers. That's specifically to diffuse our anger,
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์ „ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ATM๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข‹์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
03:57
because supposedly we feel good about ATMs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:01
That shows you how bad it is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์œ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
But actually, I mean, this feeling of helplessness
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ œ ๋œป์€. ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์€
04:05
comes in because most Americans actually feel
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์Œ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ 
04:08
that oil prices are the result of a conspiracy,
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๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
not of the vicissitudes of the world oil market.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์„์œ  ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
04:14
And the thing is, too,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
04:16
is that we also feel very helpless about the amount that we consume,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ ,
04:18
which is somewhat reasonable,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
04:20
because in fact, we have designed this system
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ฒด์ œ์— ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์™”์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:23
where, if you want to get a job,
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์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ผ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:26
it's much more important to have a car that runs,
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๋ชฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:29
to have a job and keep a job, than to have a GED.
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์ง์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ง์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณ ์กธ ์ธ์ฆ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ์€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•˜์ง€์š”.
04:32
And that's actually very perverse.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋งค์šฐ ์‚๋šค์–ด์ง„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
Now there's another perverse thing about the way we buy gas,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
which is that we'd rather be doing anything else.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
This is BP's gas station
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋กœ์Šค์—”์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค ๋„์‹ฌ์˜
04:40
in downtown Los Angeles.
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BP์ฃผ์œ ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
It is green. It is a shrine to greenishness.
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์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์ด์ฃ . ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์„ ๋„๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
"Now," you think, "why would something so lame
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"์ง€๊ธˆ" ๋‹น์‹  ์ƒ๊ฐ์—, " ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์—
04:48
work on people so smart?"
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๊ทธ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง€?"
04:50
Well, the reason is, is because, when we're buying gas,
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•  ๋•Œ,
04:53
we're very invested in this sort of cognitive dissonance.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”์— ๋งค์šฐ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:56
I mean, we're angry at the one hand and we want to be somewhere else.
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ํ•œ ํŽธ์œผ๋ก  ํ™”๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ด์š”.
04:59
We don't want to be buying oil;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
05:01
we want to be doing something green.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ฃ .
05:03
And we get kind of in on our own con.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
I mean -- and this is funny,
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์ œ๋ง์€, ์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ์›ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
it looks funny here.
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์›ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
05:10
But in fact, that's why the slogan "beyond petroleum" worked.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ƒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™œ "์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ"๋ผ๋Š” ์Šฌ๋กœ๊ฑด์ด
05:13
But it's an inherent part of our energy policy,
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ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ฃ .
05:16
which is we don't talk about
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„์œ ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
05:18
reducing the amount of oil that we use.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
We talk about energy independence. We talk about hydrogen cars.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ง€์š”. ์ˆ˜์†Œ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
05:23
We talk about biofuels that haven't been invented yet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋„ ๋˜์ง€์•Š์€ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
And so, cognitive dissonance
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๊ณ ๋กœ, ์ธ์ง€์  ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”๋Š”
05:28
is part and parcel of the way that we deal with oil,
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์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ž
05:31
and it's really important to dealing with this oil spill.
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์„์œ  ๋ˆ„์ถœ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Okay, so the politics of oil
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๋„ค, ์„์œ ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •์น˜์— ์žˆ์–ด
05:36
are very moral in the United States.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋„๋•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
The oil industry is like a huge, gigantic octopus
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์„์œ  ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ž๊ธˆ,
05:41
of engineering and finance
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š”
05:43
and everything else,
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๋ฌธ์–ด์™€๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
but we actually see it in very moral terms.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
05:47
This is an early-on photograph -- you can see, we had these gushers.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ถœ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Early journalists looked at these spills,
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ ์ถœ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
05:52
and they said, "This is a filthy industry."
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'์ •๋ง ๋ถˆ๊ฒฐํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
But they also saw in it
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
05:56
that people were getting rich for doing nothing.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:58
They weren't farmers, they were just getting rich for stuff coming out of the ground.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ์ € ๋•…์—์„œ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋งŒ์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
It's the "Beverly Hillbillies," basically.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ ํž์ฆˆ ๋™๋„ค ๊ฐ™์•˜์ฃ .
06:03
But in the beginning, this was seen as a very morally problematic thing,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ž‘์—์„œ, ์ด๊ฑด ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
long before it became funny.
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๊ทธ์ € ์žฌ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ „์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
And then, of course, there was John D. Rockefeller.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์กด D. ๋กํŽ ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:11
And the thing about John D. is that
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์กด D.๋Š” ์„์œ  ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ํ•œ์ฐฝ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
06:13
he went into this chaotic wild-east
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์•ผ์ƒ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—
06:15
of oil industry,
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
and he rationalized it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณง ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
06:19
into a vertically integrated company, a multinational.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
06:22
It was terrifying; you think Walmart is a terrifying business model now,
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์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์›”๋งˆํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋”์งํ•œ ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
imagine what this looked like in the 1860s or 1870s.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 1860๋…„๋Œ€๋‚˜ 1870๋…„๋Œ€์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์˜€์„์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:28
And it also the kind of root
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์  ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ
06:31
of how we see oil as a conspiracy.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
But what's really amazing is that
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
06:36
Ida Tarbell, the journalist,
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์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ธ ์•„์ด๋‹ค ํƒ€๋ฒจ์ด
06:39
went in and did a big exposรฉ of Rockefeller
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๋กํŽ ๋Ÿฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํญ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:42
and actually got the whole antitrust laws
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋…์  ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋ฒ•์ด
06:44
put in place.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹จ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
But in many ways,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
06:48
that image of the conspiracy still sticks with us.
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์ด ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ญ์•„๋งค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
And here's one of the things
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์•„์ด๋‹ค ํƒ€๋ฒจ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘
06:52
that Ida Tarbell said --
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
she said, "He has a thin nose like a thorn.
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‡์€ ์ฝ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
There were no lips.
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์ž…์ˆ ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
06:59
There were puffs under the little colorless eyes
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์ฃผ๋ฆ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ˆˆ ์•„๋ž˜๋Š”
07:01
with creases running from them."
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๋ถ€ํ’€์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:05
Okay, so that guy is actually still with us.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:09
I mean, this is a very pervasive -- this is part of our DNA.
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์ œ๋ง์€, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.-์šฐ๋ฆฌ DNA์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
And then there's this guy, okay.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
So, you might be wondering why it is that,
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
every time we have high oil prices or an oil spill,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์„์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋“ค๊ณผ ์„์œ  ์œ ์ถœ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
we call these CEOs down to Washington,
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์ด CEO๋“ค์„ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ž๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ 
07:22
and we sort of pepper them with questions in public and we try to shame them.
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๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ณต์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
And this is something that we've been doing since 1974,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1974๋…„ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์˜ค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
07:28
when we first asked them, "Why are there these obscene profits?"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ "์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ ์—†๋Š” ์ด๋“์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
07:31
And we've sort of personalized the whole oil industry
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด CEO๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธํ™” ๋œ ์ „์ฒด ์„์œ  ์‚ฐ์—…์„
07:33
into these CEOs.
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์ง์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:35
And we take it as, you know --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ-
07:38
we look at it on a moral level,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์ง€์š”,
07:40
rather than looking at it on a legal and financial level.
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๋ฒ•์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์ „์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
And so I'm not saying these guys aren't liable to answer questions --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์— ๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
I'm just saying that, when you focus on
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์ „ ๊ทธ์ €, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํƒ์š•์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ธ์ง€
07:48
whether they are or are not a bunch of greedy bastards,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:51
you don't actually get around to the point
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
07:53
of making laws that are either going to either change the way they operate,
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์— ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
or you're going to get around
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๋˜๋Š” ์„์œ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:58
to really reducing the amount of oil
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„์œ  ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:00
and reducing our dependence on oil.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
So I'm saying this is kind of a distraction.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
But it makes for good theater,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ทน์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:06
and it's powerfully cathartic as you probably saw last week.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ๋ณด์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์‹œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
So the thing about water oil spills
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์„์œ  ์œ ์ถœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š”
08:12
is that they are very politically galvanizing.
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์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋„๊ธˆ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
I mean, these pictures -- this is from the Santa Barbara spill.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์‚ฐํƒ€ ๋ฐ”๋ฐ”๋ผ์˜ ์„์œ  ์œ ์ถœ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
You have these pictures of birds.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
08:20
They really influence people.
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
When the Santa Barbara spill happened in 1969,
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1969๋…„์— ์‚ฐํƒ€ ๋ฐ”๋ฐ”๋ผ ์„์œ  ์œ ์ถœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ
08:25
it formed the environmental movement in its modern form.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:27
It started Earth Day.
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์ด ๋•Œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ ์ด ์ง€์ •๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
It also put in place the National Environmental Policy Act,
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ •์ฑ… ์šด๋™๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act.
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๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์šด๋™, ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ ์šด๋™ ๋“ฑ.
08:35
Everything that we are really stemmed from this period.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:38
I think it's important to kind of look at these pictures of the birds
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
08:41
and understand what happens to us.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Here we are normally;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ;
08:45
we're standing at the gas pump, and we're feeling kind of helpless.
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๊ฐ€์Šค ํŽŒํ”„ ์˜†์— ์„œ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
We look at these pictures
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„
08:49
and we understand, for the first time, our role in this supply chain.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ํ›„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš๋“ค์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
We connect the dots in the supply chain.
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์ด ๊ณ„ํš๋“ค์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
And we have this kind of --
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:56
as voters, we have kind of a "eureka!" moment.
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'๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฑฐ์•ผ!' ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
This is why these moments of these oil spills
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„์œ  ์œ ์ถœ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด
09:01
are so important.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
But it's also really important that we don't get distracted
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฐ๋งŒํ•ด ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
by the theater or the morals of it.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋„๋•์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทน์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
We actually need to go in
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:10
and work on the roots of the problem.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
One of the things that happened with the two previous oil spills
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์•ž์„œ์˜ ๋‘ ์„์œ  ์œ ์ถœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
09:15
was that we really worked on some of the symptoms.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
We were very reactive, as opposed to being proactive
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํ™œ๋™์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:20
about what happened.
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์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:22
And so what we did was, actually,
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์ด ๋•Œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ผ์€,
09:24
we made moratoriums on the east and west coasts on drilling.
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์„์œ  ์ฑ„๊ตด์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋™์–‘๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์  ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
We stopped drilling in ANWR,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ANWR์—์„œ์˜ ์„์œ  ์ฑ„๊ตด์„ ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ์ผฐ์ง€๋งŒ
09:30
but we didn't actually reduce the amount of oil that we consumed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„์œ ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
In fact, it's continued to increase.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์ฃ .
09:35
The only thing that really reduces the amount of oil that we consume
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„์œ ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ผ์€
09:38
is much higher prices.
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๋” ๋น„์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ฑ…์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
As you can see, our own production has fallen off
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€
09:42
as our reservoirs have gotten old and expensive to drill out.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณด์œ  ์„์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ  ์ฑ„๊ตด์ด ์ ์  ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
We only have two percent of the world's oil reserves;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„์œ  ์ €์žฅ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 2%๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
65 percent of them are in the Persian Gulf.
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65%๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„ ๋งŒ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:50
One of the things that's happened because of this
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€,
09:52
is that, since 1969,
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1969๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ์š”,
09:55
the country of Nigeria, or the part of Nigeria that pumps oil,
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€, ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด
09:58
which is the delta -- which is two times the size of Maryland --
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๋งค๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ธํƒ€ ์ •๋„์˜ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
10:01
has had thousands of oil spills a year.
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1๋…„์— ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฑด์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์„์œ  ์œ ์ถœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ๋์ฃ .
10:03
I mean, we've essentially been exporting oil spills
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ทœ์ œ ์—†์ด
10:05
when we import oil from places
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•  ๋•Œ
10:07
without tight environmental regulations.
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„์œ  ์œ ์ถœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
That has been the equivalent of an Exxon Valdez spill
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์—‘์† ๋ฐœ๋ฐ์ฆˆ ์„์œ  ์œ ์ถœ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์†ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:12
every year since 1969.
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1969๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ๋งค๋…„์ด์š”.
10:15
And we can wrap our heads around the spills,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„์œ  ์œ ์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ธ๋งฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:17
because that's what we see here,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:19
but in fact, these guys actually live in a war zone.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ „์Ÿ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
There's a thousand battle-related deaths a year
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1๋…„์— ๋ถ„์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฑด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
in this area twice the size of Maryland,
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๋งค๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
10:26
and it's all related to the oil.
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์„์œ ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
And these guys, I mean, if they were in the U.S.,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:30
they might be actually here in this room.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
They have degrees in political science, degrees in business --
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์ •์น˜ ๊ณผํ•™, ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
10:34
they're entrepreneurs. They don't actually want to be doing what they're doing.
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๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์˜€์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
And it's sort of one of the other groups of people
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๊ทธ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
10:41
who pay a price for us.
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์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:43
The other thing that we've done,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด ์˜จ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์€
10:45
as we've continued to increase demand,
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์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ 
10:47
is that we kind of play a shell game with the costs.
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๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์•ผ๋ฐ”์œ„ ๋…ธ๋ฆ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
One of the places we put in a big oil project
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„์œ  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
in Chad, with Exxon.
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์ฐจ๋“œ์—์„œ ์—‘์†๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
So the U.S. taxpayer paid for it;
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ๊ณ 
10:57
the World Bank, Exxon paid for it.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰, ์—‘์†์ด ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
We put it in. There was a tremendous banditry problem.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์ ์งˆ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
I was there in 2003.
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์ €๋Š” 2003๋…„์— ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
We were driving along this dark, dark road,
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์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋˜ ์ค‘
11:06
and the guy in the green stepped out,
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์ˆฒ ์†์˜ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋›ฐ์ณ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
11:08
and I was just like, "Ahhh! This is it."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ '์•„! ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋์ด๊ตฌ๋‚˜."ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
And then the guy in the Exxon uniform stepped out,
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๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์—‘์† ์œ ํ‹ฐํผ์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‚˜์™”๊ณ 
11:14
and we realized it was okay.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
11:16
They have their own private sort of army around them at the oil fields.
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์„์œ  ์ฑ„๊ตด ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์‚ฌ์„ค ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ๋†“์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
But at the same time,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์—,
11:20
Chad has become much more unstable,
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์ฐจ๋“œ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
11:22
and we are not paying for that price at the pump.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํŽŒํ”„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:25
We pay for it in our taxes on April 15th.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 4์›” 15์ผ์— ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
We do the same thing
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„๋งŒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜
11:30
with the price of policing the Persian Gulf
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ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
and keeping the shipping lanes open.
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์ •๋ฐ• ๋ ˆ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
This is 1988 --
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1988๋…„์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
we actually bombed two Iranian oil platforms that year.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ•ด 2 ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด๋ž€ ์„์œ  ๊ตด์ฐฉ์šฉ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํญ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
That was the beginning of an escalating U.S. involvement there
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ์‹œ๋ฐœ์ ์ด์ฃ .
11:41
that we do not pay for at the pump.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŽŒํ”„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
11:43
We pay for it on April 15th,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 4์›” 15์ผ์— ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
and we can't even calculate the cost of this involvement.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ง€์ถœ์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”
11:48
The other place that is sort of supporting our dependence on oil
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์กด๊ณผ
11:51
and our increased consumption
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์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์€
11:54
is the Gulf of Mexico,
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋งŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
which was not part of the moratoriums.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ์ง€๋ถˆ ์œ ์˜ˆ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
11:58
Now what's happened in the Gulf of Mexico -- as you can see,
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋งŒ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
12:00
this is the Minerals Management diagram
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋„ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
of wells for gas and oil.
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๊ฐ€์Šค์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทผ์›์˜
12:04
It's become this intense industrialized zone.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:06
It doesn't have the same resonance for us
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
that the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge has,
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๋Œ€์„œ์–‘ ์•ผ์ƒ ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
12:10
but it should, I mean, it's a bird sanctuary.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Also, every time you buy gasoline in the United States,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ด ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
12:15
half of it is actually being refined along the coast,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์€ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ •์ œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
because the Gulf actually has
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ
12:20
about 50 percent of our refining capacity
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 50 % ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
and a lot of our marine terminals as well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ด์ € ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:24
So the people of the Gulf have essentially been subsidizing the rest of us
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑธํ”„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
12:27
through a less-clean environment.
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๋œ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
And finally, American families also pay a price for oil.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:33
Now on the one hand, the price at the pump is not really very high
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ํŽŒํ”„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
when you consider the actual cost of the oil,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ดค์„๋•Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
but on the other hand,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”,
12:40
the fact that people have no other transit options
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์†ก ์„ ํƒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
12:43
means that they pay a large amount of their income
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž… ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
into just getting back and forth to work,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ”๋‹ค ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
generally in a fairly crummy car.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํŠผํŠผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
12:50
If you look at people who make $50,000 a year, they have two kids,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ผ๋…„์— 50,000 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 2 ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
they might have three jobs or more,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด 3 ๊ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
and then they have to really commute.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ†ต๊ทผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
They're actually spending more on their car and fuel
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์™€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์—
13:00
than they are on taxes or on health care.
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
And the same thing happens
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
at the 50th percentile, around 80,000.
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๋Œ€์ถฉ 80.000 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ 50% ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
Gasoline costs are a tremendous drain
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๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ ๊ฐ’์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์œ ์ถœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
on the American economy,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
but they're also a drain on individual families
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์œ ์ถœ์ž„ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
13:14
and it's kind of terrifying to think about what happens when prices get higher.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋†’์•„์ ธ ๊ฐˆ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์กฐ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
13:17
So, what I'm going to talk to you about now is:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
13:20
what do we have to do this time?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊นŒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
What are the laws? What do we have to do to keep ourselves focused?
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๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:25
One thing is -- we need to stay away from the theater.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทน์žฅ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
We need to stay away from the moratoriums.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋ถˆ ์œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
We need to focus really back again
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
on the molecules.
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๋ถ„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
13:33
The moratoriums are fine, but we do need to focus
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์ง€๋ถˆ์œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
13:36
on the molecules on the oil.
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๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
One of the things that we also need to do,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
13:40
is we need to try to not kind of fool ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์€ ์ง“์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
into thinking that you can have a green world,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:45
before you reduce the amount of oil that we use.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์ „์—
13:47
We need to focus on reducing the oil.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
What you see in this top drawing is a schematic
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๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:52
of how petroleum gets used in the U.S. economy.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„์œ ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
It comes in on the side -- the useful stuff is the dark gray,
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ํ•œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค- ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ•œ ํšŒ์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
and the un-useful stuff,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
13:59
which is called the rejected energy -- the waste,
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๋ถˆํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Š”
14:02
goes up to the top.
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๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
Now you can see that the waste far outweighs
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
14:06
the actually useful amount.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์–‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
And one of the things that we need to do
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
14:10
is, not only fix the fuel efficiency of our vehicles
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
14:12
and make them much more efficient,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
but we also need to fix the economy in general.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
We need to remove the perverse incentives to use more fuel.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚๋šค์–ด์ง„ ์žฅ๋ ค์ฑ…์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
For example, we have an insurance system
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ณดํ—˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
where the person who drives 20,000 miles a year
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-์ผ๋…„์— 20,000 ๋งˆ์ผ์„ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
14:24
pays the same insurance as somebody who drives 3,000.
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3,000 ๋งˆ์ผ์„ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š”-
14:27
We actually encourage people to drive more.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์žฅ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
14:29
We have policies that reward sprawl -- we have all kinds of policies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:32
We need to have more mobility choices.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋™ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
We need to make the gas price
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๊ฐ’์„
14:36
better reflect the real cost of oil.
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
And we need to shift subsidies from the oil industry,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„์œ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
which is at least 10 billion dollars a year,
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์ผ๋…„์— ์ตœ์†Œ 100 ์–ต์›์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:44
into something that allows middle-class people to find better ways to commute.
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์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์ด ํ†ต๊ทผ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
Whether that's getting a much more efficient car
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๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€,
14:50
and also kind of building markets
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด์„ค์ ์ธ ์‹œ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
for new cars and new fuels down the road,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฐจ์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
14:54
this is where we need to be.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
We need to kind of rationalize this whole thing,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
and you can find more about this policy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
It's called STRONG, which is "Secure Transportation
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STRONG ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ, "๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
15:02
Reducing Oil Needs Gradually,"
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์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค" ์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ด์ฃ 
15:04
and the idea is instead of being helpless, we need to be more strong.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”, ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋Œ€์‹ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
They're up at NewAmerica.net.
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NewAmeria.net ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
What's important about these
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์€
15:11
is that we try to move
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›€์ง์ด๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
from feeling helpless at the pump,
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ํŽŒํ”„์—์„œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ
15:15
to actually being active
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์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
15:17
and to really sort of thinking about who we are,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
15:20
having kind of that special moment,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
15:22
where we connect the dots actually at the pump.
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ํŽŒํ”„์—์„œ ์ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
15:25
Now supposedly, oil taxes
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๊ฐ€๋ น ์œ ๋ฅ˜์„ธ๋Š”
15:28
are the third rail of American politics -- the no-fly zone.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ 3 ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ -๋น„ํ–‰ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ-์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
I actually -- I agree that a dollar a gallon on oil
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์ €๋Š” 1 ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ์— 1 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๊ฐ’์ด
15:33
is probably too much,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
but I think that if we started this year
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฒˆํ•ด์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
15:37
with three cents a gallon on gasoline,
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1 ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ์— 3 ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ
15:40
and upped it to six cents next year, nine cents the following year,
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๋‚ด๋…„์—๋Š” 6 ์„ผํŠธ, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œํ•ด๋Š” 9 ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ
15:43
all the way up to 30 cents by 2020,
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2020 ๋…„ ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” 30 ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
15:46
that we could actually significantly reduce our gasoline consumption,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
and at the same time we would give people time to prepare,
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๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค€๋น„ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
time to respond,
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๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
15:54
and we would be raising money and raising consciousness at the same time.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ๊ณผ ์˜์‹์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:57
Let me give you a little sense of how this would work.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
This is a gas receipt, hypothetically, for a year from now.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์˜์ˆ˜์ฆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ๋…„๋™์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ 
16:03
The first thing that you have on the tax is --
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€
16:05
you have a tax for a stronger America -- 33 cents.
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๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ - 33 ์„ผํŠธ
16:08
So you're not helpless at the pump.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํŽŒํ”„์—์„œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
And the second thing that you have is a kind of warning sign,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , 2 ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
very similar to what you would find
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด
16:15
on a cigarette pack.
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๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๊ฐ‘์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
16:17
And what it says is, "The National Academy of Sciences
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋ƒ๋ฉด "National Academy of Science" ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
16:20
estimates that every gallon of gas you burn in your car
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๋‹น์‹ ์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์ด
16:23
creates 29 cents in health care costs."
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๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ 29 cents ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
That's a lot.
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๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด์ฃ .
16:27
And so this -- you can see that you're paying considerably less
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์—์„œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
16:29
than the health care costs on the tax.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
And also, the hope is that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
16:35
you start to be connected to the whole greater system.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
And at the same time, you have a number that you can call
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๋™์‹œ์—, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ „ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
16:40
to get more information on commuting,
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ํ†ต๊ทผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜
16:43
or a low-interest loan on a different kind of car,
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๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด์ž์œจ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
16:46
or whatever it is you're going to need
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€
16:48
to actually reduce your gasoline dependence.
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์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
16:52
With this whole sort of suite of policies,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ
16:54
we could actually reduce our gasoline consumption --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
or our oil consumption --
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๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„์œ  ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ
16:58
by 20 percent by 2020.
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2020 ๋…„ ๊นŒ์ง€ 20%๊นŒ์ง€
17:01
So, three million barrels a day.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 3๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๋Ÿด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
But in order to do this,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
17:06
one of the things we really need to do, is we need to remember
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
we are people of the hydrocarbon.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
17:10
We need to keep or minds on the molecules
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์— ๊ณ„์† ์˜ˆ์˜์ฃผ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
and not get distracted by the theater,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทน์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ฒจ์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜์ฃ .
17:15
not get distracted by the cognitive dissonance
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ๋ถ€์กฐํ™”์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋„
17:17
of the green possibilities that are out there.
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์ •์‹ ์„ ์žƒ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
We need to kind of get down and do the gritty work
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋”๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ํž˜๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
of reducing our dependence upon this fuel and these molecules.
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์ด ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์กด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š”
17:24
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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