Gary Greenberg: The beautiful nano details of our world

106,736 views ใƒป 2012-11-07

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Han Jungran ๊ฒ€ํ† : Mayyul Cho
00:17
So I want to talk a little bit about seeing the world
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์ „ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ‰๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
00:19
from a totally unique point of view,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
and this world I'm going to talk about is the micro world.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
I've found, after doing this for many, many years,
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์ „ ์ˆ˜๋…„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋์—
00:27
that there's a magical world behind reality.
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ํ˜„์‹ค ๋’ค์—” ๋งˆ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:30
And that can be seen directly through a microscope,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
00:33
and I'm going to show you some of this today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ๋ฏธ์†Œํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์–ผ๋งˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
So let's start off looking at something rather not-so-small,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ผ๋‹จ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:39
something that we can see with our naked eye,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ
00:41
and that's a bee. So when you look at this bee,
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์ž, ๋ฒŒ์ด์ฃ ? ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
00:44
it's about this size here, it's about a centimeter.
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์ด ๋ฒŒ์€ ์ด ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ . 1cm ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
But to really see the details of the bee, and really
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒŒ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ง„์งœ
00:49
appreciate what it is, you have to look a little bit closer.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
So that's just the eye of the bee with a microscope,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ๋ฒŒ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
and now all of a sudden you can see that the bee has
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ฒŒ์ด
00:58
thousands of individual eyes called ommatidia,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‚ฑ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:01
and they actually have sensory hairs in their eyes
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ?
01:03
so they know when they're right up close to something,
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๋ฒŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฑธ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋”” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
because they can't see in stereo.
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๋ˆˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ๋ชป ๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:09
As we go smaller, here is a human hair.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด๊ฑด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
A human hair is about the smallest thing that the eye can see.
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์ธ๋ชจ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์ฃ .
01:16
It's about a tenth of a millimeter.
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1mm๋ฅผ ์‹ญ๋“ฑ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
And as we go smaller again,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:20
about ten times smaller than that, is a cell.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ ์—ด๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”. ์„ธํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
So you could fit 10 human cells
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ธ๋ชจ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์€
01:26
across the diameter of a human hair.
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์—ด๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•œ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
01:29
So when we would look at cells, this is how I really got
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์ •๋ง ์„ธํฌ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ,
01:31
involved in biology and science is by looking
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ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:34
at living cells in the microscope.
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ „๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:37
When I first saw living cells in a microscope, I was
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ,
01:39
absolutely enthralled and amazed at what they looked like.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜”์ฃ .
01:43
So if you look at the cell like that from the immune system,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:46
they're actually moving all over the place.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
This cell is looking for foreign objects,
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์ด ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์˜จ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
01:52
bacteria, things that it can find.
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And it's looking around, and when it finds something,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ 
01:57
and recognizes it being foreign,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ž๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
01:59
it will actually engulf it and eat it.
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๊ทธ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์—์›Œ์‹ธ์„œ ๋จน์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
So if you look right there, it finds that little bacterium,
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ผ๋„
02:05
and it engulfs it and eats it.
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์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์„œ ๋จน์–ด์น˜์šด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
If you take some heart cells from an animal,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ ‘์‹œ ์œ„์— ๋†“๊ณ 
02:13
and put it in a dish, they'll just sit there and beat.
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๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋œ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
That's their job. Every cell has a mission in life,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑ”๋„ค๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
and these cells, the mission is
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€
02:22
to move blood around our body.
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ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
These next cells are nerve cells, and right now,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด๊ฑด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
as we see and understand what we're looking at,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋„
02:31
our brains and our nerve cells are actually doing this
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ์™€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:33
right now. They're not just static. They're moving around
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์ž ์‹œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉด์„œ
02:36
making new connections, and that's what happens when we learn.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
As you go farther down this scale here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
02:42
that's a micron, or a micrometer, and we go
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์š”.
02:45
all the way down to here to a nanometer
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์ด๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
and an angstrom. Now, an angstrom is the size
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์—‰์ŠคํŠธ๋กฌ์ด๊ณ ์š”. ์ž, ์—‰์ŠคํŠธ๋กฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”
02:50
of the diameter of a hydrogen atom.
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์ˆ˜์†Œ ์›์ž์˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
That's how small that is.
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๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์ž‘๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฃ .
02:55
And microscopes that we have today can actually see
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜จ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ
02:57
individual atoms. So these are some pictures
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๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ์›์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
03:00
of individual atoms. Each bump here is an individual atom.
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์›์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ช‡ ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ € ์šธํ‰๋ถˆํ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์›์ž ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ฃ .
03:03
This is a ring of cobalt atoms.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ ์›์ž์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
So this whole world, the nano world, this area in here
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๊ณ„, ์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฏธ์†Œํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
03:09
is called the nano world, and the nano world,
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๋‚˜๋…ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
the whole micro world that we see,
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๋‚˜๋…ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค
03:15
there's a nano world that is wrapped up within that, and
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:18
the whole -- and that is the world of molecules and atoms.
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๊ทธ ์ „์ฒด๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์™€ ์›์ž์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:22
But I want to talk about this larger world,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์ข€ ๋” ๋„“์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
the world of the micro world.
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:27
So if you were a little tiny bug living in a flower,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฝƒ ์†์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ,
03:31
what would that flower look like, if the flower was this big?
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๊ทธ ๊ฝƒ์€ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฝƒ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ ํฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
03:34
It wouldn't look or feel like anything that we see
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๊ทธ ๊ฝƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€๋ดค์„๋•Œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฝƒํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:37
when we look at a flower. So if you look at this flower here,
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ฝƒ์„ ๋ด์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:40
and you're a little bug, if you're on that surface
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ € ๊ฝƒ์˜
03:42
of that flower, that's what the terrain would look like.
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ , ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
The petal of that flower looks like that, so the ant
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๊ฝƒ์žŽ์ด ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š”
03:48
is kind of crawling over these objects, and if you look
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์ด ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
03:51
a little bit closer at this stigma and the stamen here,
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์ด ์•”์ˆ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ž‘ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”
03:54
this is the style of that flower, and you notice
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ € ๊ฝƒ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค
03:57
that it's got these little -- these are like little jelly-like things
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์ € ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ์ ค๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
04:01
that are what are called spurs. These are nectar spurs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์ถœ๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”๋ฐ€ ๋Œ์ถœ๋ถ€์ฃ .
04:06
So this little ant that's crawling here, it's like
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹Œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:09
it's in a little Willy Wonka land.
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์œŒ๋ฆฌ ์›ก์นด์˜ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฌํ•™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:11
It's like a little Disneyland for them. It's not like what we see.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์ž‘์€ ๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ๋žœ๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž‘์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:15
These are little bits of individual grain of pollen
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ์˜ ์•Œ๊ฐฑ์ด๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:19
there and there, and here is a --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
04:22
what you see as one little yellow dot of pollen,
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๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ ๋“ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
04:25
when you look in a microscope, it's actually made
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ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ด๊ฑด
04:27
of thousands of little grains of pollen.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
So this, for example, when you see bees flying around
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ, ๋ฒŒ์ด ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์‹๋ฌผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„
04:33
these little plants, and they're collecting pollen,
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๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ์ฃ .
04:35
those pollen grains that they're collecting, they pack
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์ด ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ์•Œ๊ฐฑ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์—
04:38
into their legs and they take it back to the hive,
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‹ธ์„œ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
and that's what makes the beehive,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฒŒ์ง‘๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
04:43
the wax in the beehive. And they're also collecting nectar,
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๋ฐ€๋ž์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๊ฝƒ์ฆ™๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:47
and that's what makes the honey that we eat.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฟ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Here's a close-up picture, or this is actually a regular picture
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํด๋กœ์ฆˆ์—…๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
04:54
of a water hyacinth, and if you had really, really good vision,
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋ถ€๋ ˆ์˜ฅ์ž ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ์‹œ๋ ฅ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:57
with your naked eye, you'd see it about that well.
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์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ ˆ์˜ฅ์ž ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
There's the stamen and the pistil. But look what the stamen
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ ์•”์ˆ ์ด ์ €๊ธฐ ์žˆ์ฃ ? ๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ ์•”์ˆ ์„
05:02
and the pistil look like in a microscope. That's the stamen.
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ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
05:05
So that's thousands of little grains of pollen there,
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์—ญ์‹œ ์ €๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋ผ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
and there's the pistil there, and these are the little things
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์•”์ˆ ์„ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
05:11
called trichomes. And that's what makes the flower give
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๋ถ„๋น„๋ชจ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
05:15
a fragrance, and plants actually communicate
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๊ฝƒํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ
05:19
with one another through their fragrances.
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์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:24
I want to talk about something really ordinary,
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์ •๋ง ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:27
just ordinary sand.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ฃ .
05:29
I became interested in sand about 10 years ago,
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์ „ ์•ฝ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ปด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
when I first saw sand from Maui,
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๋งˆ์šฐ์ด์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ,
05:33
and in fact, this is a little bit of sand from Maui.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋งˆ์šฐ์ด์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
05:36
So sand is about a tenth of a millimeter in size.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋Š” 1mm๋ฅผ ์—ด๋“ฑ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
05:39
Each sand grain is about a tenth of a millimeter in size.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์ด 1mm๋ฅผ ์—ด๋“ฑ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
But when you look closer at this, look at what's there.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
It's really quite amazing. You have microshells there.
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๋†€๋ž์ฃ ? ์—„์ฒญ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐœ๊ป์งˆ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:48
You have things like coral.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:50
You have fragments of other shells. You have olivine.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ป์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ํŒŒํŽธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๋žŒ์„๋„ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”.
05:54
You have bits of a volcano. There's a little bit
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ํ™”์„ฑ์•”๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”. ์ €๊ธฐ ์ž‘์€ ํŒŒํŽธ์ด
05:56
of a volcano there. You have tube worms.
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋‚ ๊ฐœ ๊ฐฏ์ง€๋ ์ด๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:59
An amazing array of incredible things exist in sand.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
And the reason that is, is because in a place like this island,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ฌ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋Š”
06:06
a lot of the sand is made of biological material
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
because the reefs provide a place where all these
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•”์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์ด๋‚˜
06:12
microscopic animals or macroscopic animals grow,
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ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” (์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”) ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ผ๊ณ 
06:15
and when they die, their shells and their teeth
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์ฃฝ์„๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ป์งˆ๊ณผ ์ด๋นจ๊ณผ ๋ผˆ๊ฐ€
06:18
and their bones break up and they make grains of sand,
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๋ถ€์„œ์ ธ์„œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ„ฐ์ „์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
things like coral and so forth.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:23
So here's, for example, a picture of sand from Maui.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋งˆ์šฐ์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:27
This is from Lahaina,
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๋ผํ•˜์ด๋‚˜์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
and when we're walking along a beach, we're actually
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ณ€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑธ์„ ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:31
walking along millions of years of biological and geological history.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
06:35
We don't realize it, but it's actually a record
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:37
of that entire ecology.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
So here we see, for example, a sponge spicule,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ•ด๋ฉด์˜
06:43
two bits of coral here,
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์‹ฌ์ƒ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”, ์‚ฐํ˜ธ ๋‘ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ ?
06:45
that's a sea urchin spine. Really some amazing stuff.
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์ €๊ฑด ์„ฑ๊ฒŒ์˜ ๋“ฑ๋ผˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:49
So when I first looked at this, I was -- I thought,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ, ์ „ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
gee, this is like a little treasure trove here.
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์„ธ์ƒ์—, ๋ณด๋ฌผ์ด ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์—†๋„ค.
06:53
I couldn't believe it, and I'd go around dissecting
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์ •๋ง ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ด์„œ
06:56
the little bits out and making photographs of them.
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
Here's what most of the sand in our world looks like.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
These are quartz crystals and feldspar,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ฒฐ์ •ํŒ๊ณผ ์žฅ์„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
so most sand in the world on the mainland
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ณธํ† ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋“ค์€
07:07
is made of quartz crystal and feldspar. It's the erosion of granite rock.
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์ˆ˜์ • ๊ฒฐ์ •ํŒ๊ณผ ์žฅ์„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ด๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ•์•”์˜ ์นจ์‹๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
So mountains are built up, and they erode away by water
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฌผ, ๋น—๋ฌผ, ์–ผ์Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
07:15
and rain and ice and so forth,
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์‚ฐ์„ ์นจ์‹์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
07:17
and they become grains of sand.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
There's some sand that's really much more colorful.
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์ƒ‰์ด ํœ˜ํ™ฉ์ฐฌ๋ž€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
These are sand from near the Great Lakes,
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์˜ค๋Œ€ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
and you can see that it's filled with minerals
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ฃ .
07:25
like pink garnet and green epidote, all kinds of amazing stuff,
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์ด ๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰ ์„๋ฅ˜์„์ด๋ž‘ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰ ๋…น๋ ด์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์š”. ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:29
and if you look at different sands from different places,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
07:31
every single beach, every single place you look at sand,
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์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด๋ณ€์ด๋“  ์žฅ์†Œ๋“  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
07:34
it's different. Here's from Big Sur, like they're little jewels.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ๋น…์„œ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
07:39
There are places in Africa where they do the mining
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๋ณด์„๊ฐ™์ฃ ? ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—” ๋ณด์„์„ ์บ๋Š” ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
07:42
of jewels, and you go to the sand where the rivers have
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๊ฐ•์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘์— ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰์€
07:46
the sand go down to the ocean, and it's like literally looking
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋“ค์„ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:48
at tiny jewels through the microscope.
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์ •๋ง ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋“ค ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
So every grain of sand is unique. Every beach is different.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์ด๋“  ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜์ฃ . ํ•ด๋ณ€๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
Every single grain is different. There are no two grains
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ฑ์•Œ๋“ค๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”. ์ง€์ƒ ์–ด๋Š์—๋„
07:57
of sand alike in the world.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ธด ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ž€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Every grain of sand is coming somewhere and going somewhere.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ฑ์•Œ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์˜ค๊ณ  ๋˜ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
08:03
They're like a snapshot in time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Šค๋ƒ…์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Now sand is not only on Earth, but sand is
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์—๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋Š”
08:10
ubiquitous throughout the universe. In fact, outer space
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์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ ์–ด๋””๋“ ์ง€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ฐ–์€
08:12
is filled with sand, and that sand comes together
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ญ‰์ณ์„œ
08:16
to make our planets and the Moon.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:19
And you can see those in micrometeorites.
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์œ ์„ฑ์ง„์—์„œ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:21
This is some micrometeorites that the Army gave me,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์€ ์œ ์„ฑ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
and they get these out of the drinking wells in the South Pole.
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๋‚จ๊ทน์˜ ์šฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
08:27
And they're quite amazing-looking, and these are the
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
08:29
tiny constituents that make up the world that we live in --
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ํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
08:34
the planets and the Moon.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
So NASA wanted me to take some pictures of Moon sand,
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๋‚˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ „์— ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๋‹ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ธธ ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
so they sent me sand from all the different landings
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40๋…„ ์ „์— ์•„ํด๋กœ ๋‹ฌ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ
08:41
of the Apollo missions that happened 40 years ago.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๋ณด๋‚ด์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
And I started taking pictures with my three-dimensional microscopes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:49
This was the first picture I took. It was kind of amazing.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹จํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:52
I thought it looked kind of a little bit like the Moon, which is sort of interesting.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ „ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Now, the way my microscopes work is, normally
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์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต
08:59
in a microscope you can see very little at one time,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ–์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
so what you have to do is you have to refocus the microscope,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ์žฌ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ 
09:04
keep taking pictures, and then I have a computer program
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„
09:08
that puts all those pictures together
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ
09:10
into one picture so you can see actually what it looks like,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
and I do that in 3D. So there, you can see,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 3D๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค
09:17
is a left-eye view. There's a right-eye view.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
09:19
So sort of left-eye view, right-eye view.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฐ๋„, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฐ๋„.
09:22
Now something's interesting here. This looks very different
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ณธ
09:24
than any sand on Earth that I've ever seen, and I've
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์—ฌํƒ€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
09:27
seen a lot of sand on Earth, believe me. (Laughter)
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋“ค์„ ๋ด์™€์„œ ์•Œ์•„์š”. ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š” (์›ƒ์Œ)
09:30
Look at this hole in the middle. That hole was caused
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์•™์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ ์ข€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์€
09:33
by a micrometeorite hitting the Moon.
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๋‹ฌ์— ์ถฉ๋Œํ•œ ์œ ์„ฑ์ง„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Now, the Moon has no atmosphere, so micrometeorites
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๋‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ ์„ฑ์ง„์€
09:38
come in continuously, and the whole surface of the Moon
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜จ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ฌ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ
09:41
is covered with powder now, because for four billion years
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์˜จํ†ต ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์—ฌ์žˆ์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 40์–ต๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
09:44
it's been bombarded by micrometeorites,
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์œ ์„ฑ์ง„์ด ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
and when micrometeorites come in at about
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์œ ์„ฑ์ง„์ด ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— 20 ๋งˆ์ผ์—์„œ 6๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ผ์‚ฌ์ด ์†๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด
09:49
20 to 60,000 miles an hour, they vaporize on contact.
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์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
And you can see here that that is --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด
09:55
that's sort of vaporized, and that material is holding this
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๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ๋“ค์˜
09:58
little clump of little sand grains together.
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋†“๊ณ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:00
This is a very small grain of sand, this whole thing.
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์ด ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์ด์—์š”.
10:02
And that's called a ring agglutinate.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์†Œ์œ„ ๋ง ๊ต์ฐฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:05
And many of the grains of sand on the Moon look like that,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์€ ๋‹ค ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
and you'd never find that on Earth.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:12
Most of the sand on the Moon,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด
10:15
especially -- and you know when you look at the Moon,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:17
there's the dark areas and the light areas. The dark areas
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์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์ฃ . ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
10:19
are lava flows. They're basaltic lava flows,
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์šฉ์•”๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๋ฌด์•”์˜ ์šฉ์•”๋ฅ˜์ด์ฃ .
10:23
and that's what this sand looks like, very similar
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋Š” ํ• ๋ ˆ์•„์นผ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:26
to the sand that you would see in Haleakala.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์™€ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
Other sands, when these micrometeorites come in,
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์ด ์œ ์„ฑ์ง„์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋•Œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋“ค์€
10:33
they vaporize and they make these fountains,
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๊ธฐํ™”๋˜์–ด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
10:36
these microscopic fountains that go up into the --
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์ด ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ๋ถ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ (๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ• ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ)
10:39
I was going to say "up into the air," but there is no air --
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์•„, ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:41
goes sort of up, and these microscopic glass beads
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์—ฌํ•˜ํŠผ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์Šฌ๋“ค์ด
10:46
are formed instantly, and they harden, and by the time
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž ๊น ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•ด์ง€์ฃ .
10:48
they fall down back to the surface of the Moon,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์œ„๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
they have these beautiful colored glass spherules.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ๋ค ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๊ตฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
10:54
And these are actually microscopic;
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
you need a microscope to see these.
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๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
10:59
Now here's a grain of sand that is from the Moon,
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ํ•œ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
and you can see that the entire
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€
11:04
crystal structure is still there.
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:07
This grain of sand is probably about
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
11:09
three and a half or four billion years old,
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35์–ต์ด๋‚˜ 40์–ต๋…„ ์ •๋„ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
and it's never eroded away like the way we have sand
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๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋‚™ํ•˜, ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นจ์‹๋˜๋Š”
11:14
on Earth erodes away because of water and tumbling,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ „ํ˜€ ์นจ์‹์ด ๋œ ์ ์ด ์—†์ฃ .
11:18
air, and so forth. All you can see is a little bit of erosion
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ํƒœ์–‘ ํญํ’์ด๋‚˜ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ์ž์™ธ์„  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:21
down here by the Sun, has these solar storms,
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์‚ด์ง ์นจ์‹์ด ๋œ ํ”์  ๋นผ๊ณ ๋Š”
11:25
and that's erosion by solar radiation.
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์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
So what I've been trying to tell you today is
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์€
11:33
things even as ordinary as a grain of sand
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๋ชจ๋ž˜ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ง์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„
11:36
can be truly extraordinary if you look closely
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๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:39
and if you look from a different and a new point of view.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋น„์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
I think that this was best put by William Blake when he said,
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์œŒ๋ฆฌ์—„ ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:47
"To see a world in a grain of sand
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"์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚ฑ์•Œ์—์„œ,
11:50
and a heaven in a wild flower,
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์ฒœ๊ตญ์„ ํ•œ์†ก์ด ์•ผ์ƒํ™”์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:52
hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
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๋ฌดํ•œ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์† ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์žˆ๊ณ 
11:55
and eternity in an hour."
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์˜์›์ด ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค."
11:57
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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