Jan Chipchase: The anthropology of mobile phones

36,409 views ใƒป 2008-04-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Alf Bae ๊ฒ€ํ† : Wonyong Suh
00:26
I live and work from Tokyo, Japan.
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์ €๋Š” ๋™๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
And I specialize in human behavioral research,
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ–‰๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
and applying what we learn to think about the future in different ways,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„
00:39
and to design for that future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
And you know, to be honest, I've been doing this for seven years,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์ด ์ผ์„ 7๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:45
and I haven't got a clue what the future is going to be like.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์•„์ง ์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
But I've got a pretty good idea
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
00:49
how people will behave when they get there.
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ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
This is my office. It's out there.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
It's not in the lab,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์•ˆ์—๋งŒ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
00:58
and it's increasingly in places like India, China, Brazil, Africa.
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์ธ๋„, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋“ฑ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
We live on a planet -- 6.3 billion people.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ 63์–ต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘
01:10
About three billion people, by the end of this year,
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋ง ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ์•ฝ 30์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
01:12
will have cellular connectivity.
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,.
01:15
And it'll take about another two years to connect the next billion after that.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ 10์–ต๋ช…์€ 2๋…„ ํ›„๋ฉด ๋˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
And I mention this because,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:22
if we want to design for that future,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:24
we need to figure out what those people are about.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
And that's, kind of, where I see what my job is
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์˜ ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์˜ ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€
01:28
and what our team's job is.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Our research often starts with a very simple question.
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์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
So I'll give you an example. What do you carry?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
01:38
If you think of everything in your life that you own,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์†Œ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:43
when you walk out that door,
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๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚˜์„ค ๋•Œ๋ฉด
01:45
what do you consider to take with you?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
01:47
When you're looking around, what do you consider?
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์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:50
Of that stuff, what do you carry?
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†Œ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:53
And of that stuff, what do you actually use?
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๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค ์ค‘, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
01:56
So this is interesting to us,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
because the conscious and subconscious decision process
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์ง€ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์€
02:02
implies that the stuff that you do take with you and end up using
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์ •์‹ ์ , ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ , ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:05
has some kind of spiritual, emotional or functional value.
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์˜์‹๊ณผ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
And to put it really bluntly, you know,
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ข€ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
02:11
people are willing to pay for stuff that has value, right?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”?
02:15
So I've probably done about five years' research
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 5๋…„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ
02:18
looking at what people carry.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์†Œ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
I go in people's bags. I look in people's pockets, purses.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ์ง€๊ฐ‘์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
I go in their homes. And we do this worldwide,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง‘๋„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
and we follow them around town with video cameras.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋งˆ์„์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:31
It's kind of like stalking with permission.
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ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์Šคํ† ํ‚นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
02:33
And we do all this -- and to go back to the original question,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งˆ์นœ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
what do people carry?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
02:40
And it turns out that people carry a lot of stuff.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
OK, that's fair enough.
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๋„ค ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
02:44
But if you ask people what the three most important things that they carry are --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์ง€ํ’ˆ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:49
across cultures and across gender and across contexts --
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๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ๋„
02:53
most people will say keys, money
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ด์‡ , ๋ˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:56
and, if they own one, a mobile phone.
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์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
And I'm not saying this is a good thing, but this is a thing, right?
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ผญ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
03:02
I mean, I couldn't take your phones off you if I wanted to.
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์ œ ๋ง์”€์€, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ๋–ผ์–ด ๋†“์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
You'd probably kick me out, or something.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ €๋ฅผ ์ซ“์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:09
OK, it might seem like an obvious thing
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๋„ค, ์ €๊ฐ™์ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
03:12
for someone who works for a mobile phone company to ask.
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์ •๋ง ํ™•์‹คํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
But really, the question is, why? Right?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, ์™œ? ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
So why are these things so important in our lives?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋œ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
03:19
And it turns out, from our research, that it boils down to survival --
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์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
03:23
survival for us and survival for our loved ones.
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๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
So, keys provide an access to shelter and warmth --
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์—ด์‡ ๋Š” ์•ˆ์‹์ฒ˜์™€ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:32
transport as well, in the U.S. increasingly.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฐจ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šด์†ก์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Money is useful for buying food, sustenance,
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๋ˆ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
03:39
among all its other uses.
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ, ํ•„์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์š”๊ธดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
And a mobile phone, it turns out, is a great recovery tool.
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
If you prefer this kind of Maslow's hierarchy of needs,
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๋งค์Šฌ๋กœ์šฐ์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
03:49
those three objects are very good at supporting
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์ด๋Ÿฐ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ์ง€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ
03:52
the lowest rungs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
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๋งค์Šฌ๋กœ์šฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์š•๊ตฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Yes, they do a whole bunch of other stuff,
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
but they're very good at this.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:59
And in particular, it's the mobile phone's ability
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
to allow people to transcend space and time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€์š”.
04:06
And what I mean by that is, you know,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:08
you can transcend space by simply making a voice call, right?
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
And you can transcend time by sending a message at your convenience,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŽธํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
04:16
and someone else can pick it up at their convenience.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์€ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
And this is fairly universally appreciated, it turns out,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
which is why we have three billion plus people who have been connected.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ 30์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
And they value that connectivity.
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๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
But actually, you can do this kind of stuff with PCs.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค PC๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
And you can do them with phone kiosks.
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๊ณต์ค‘์ „ํ™”๋ถ€์Šค์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€์š”.
04:33
And the mobile phone, in addition, is both personal --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋”ํ•ด ์–‘์ชฝ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
and so it also gives you a degree of privacy -- and it's convenient.
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ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์ฃ .
04:40
You don't need to ask permission from anyone,
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์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์ง€์š”.
04:42
you can just go ahead and do it, right?
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
However, for these things to help us survive,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์กด์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:50
it depends on them being carried.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์— ์˜์ง€ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
04:52
But -- and it's a pretty big but -- we forget.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•จ์—๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง์ž˜ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
We're human, that's what we do. It's one of our features.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒœ์„ฑ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:59
I think, quite a nice feature.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ฒœ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
So we forget, but we're also adaptable,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์žŠ์–ด๋จน์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ์‘ํ•ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
and we adapt to situations around us pretty well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ์ ์‘ํ•ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
And so we have these strategies to remember,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
and one of them was mentioned yesterday.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
And it's, quite simply, the point of reflection.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
And that's that moment when you're walking out of a space,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
05:19
and you turn around, and quite often you tap your pockets.
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๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์ž๊พธ ๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Even women who keep stuff in their bags tap their pockets.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์†Œ์ง€ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„, ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
And you turn around, and you look back into the space,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ์•„์„œ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ณณ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด์ง€์š”.
05:27
and some people talk aloud.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
And pretty much everyone does it at some point.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
OK, the next thing is -- most of you, if you have a stable home life,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:36
and what I mean is that you don't travel all the time, and always in hotels,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ํ˜ธํ…” ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด
05:39
but most people have what we call a center of gravity.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ "์ค‘๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
And a center of gravity is where you keep these objects.
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"์ค‘๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ"์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๋†”๋‘๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:46
And these things don't stay in the center of gravity,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
but over time, they gravitate there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค๊ฐ€์ง€์š”.
05:50
It's where you expect to find stuff.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
And in fact, when you're turning around,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ง‘์„ ๋‚˜์™€ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ณผ๋•Œ์—
05:53
and you're looking inside the house,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง‘์•ˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
and you're looking for this stuff,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์ง€์š”.
05:57
this is where you look first, right?
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
05:59
OK, so when we did this research,
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ์—
06:03
we found the absolutely, 100 percent, guaranteed way
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ 100ํผ์„ผํŠธ ๋ณด์žฅ๋œ
06:06
to never forget anything ever, ever again.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
And that is, quite simply, to have nothing to remember.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์˜ˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:16
OK, now, that sounds like something you get on a Chinese fortune cookie, right?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ง‘ ํ–‰์šด์˜ ๊ณผ์ž ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”?
06:19
But is, in fact, about the art of delegation.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๋ง์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ„์ž„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
And from a design perspective,
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๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:25
it's about understanding what you can delegate to technology
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„์ž„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
and what you can delegate to other people.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„์ž„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
And it turns out, delegation -- if you want it to be --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์œ„์ž„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:35
can be the solution for pretty much everything,
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์— ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
apart from things like bodily functions, going to the toilet.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์— ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋“ ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:42
You can't ask someone to do that on your behalf.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธธ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
And apart from things like entertainment,
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์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
you wouldn't pay for someone to go to the cinema for you and have fun on your behalf,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”๊ด€์— ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐ€์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
or, at least, not yet.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
Maybe sometime in the future, we will.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
06:55
So, let me give you an example of delegation in practice, right.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์œ„์ž„์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
So this is -- probably the thing I'm most passionate about
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
is the research that we've been doing on illiteracy
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งน์ž๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:04
and how people who are illiterate communicate.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ๋งน์ž๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
So, the U.N. estimated -- this is 2004 figures --
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2004๋…„ ์œ ์—” ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
07:10
that there are almost 800 million people who can't read and write, worldwide.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ 8์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
So, we've been conducting a lot of research.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:18
And one of the things we were looking at is --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
if you can't read and write,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:23
if you want to communicate over distances,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:25
you need to be able to identify the person
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋จผ์ € ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‹ ์›์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
that you want to communicate with.
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๊ฐ™์ด ํ†ตํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:30
It could be a phone number, it could be an e-mail address,
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์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
07:32
it could be a postal address.
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์šฐํŽธ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
Simple question: if you can't read and write,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:35
how do you manage your contact information?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:37
And the fact is that millions of people do it.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
Just from a design perspective, we didn't really understand how they did it,
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๋””์ž์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ์ •๋ง ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
and so that's just one small example
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘
07:46
of the kind of research that we were doing.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
And it turns out that illiterate people are masters of delegation.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฌธ๋งน์ž๋“ค์€ ์œ„์ž„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹ฌ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
So they delegate that part of the task process to other people,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
07:56
the stuff that they can't do themselves.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„์ž„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Let me give you another example of delegation.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์œ„์ž„์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ 
08:01
This one's a little bit more sophisticated,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
08:03
and this is from a study that we did in Uganda
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
08:05
about how people who are sharing devices, use those devices.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:09
Sente is a word in Uganda that means money.
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"์„ผํ…Œ"๋Š” ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค ๋ง๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
It has a second meaning, which is to send money as airtime. OK?
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์ด ๋ง์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋œป๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ์†ก๊ธˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
And it works like this.
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์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
08:19
So let's say, June, you're in a village, rural village.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‹œ๊ณจ ๋งˆ์„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:22
I'm in Kampala and I'm the wage earner.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ธ ์นดํ”Œ๋ผ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ด‰๊ธ‰์ƒํ™œ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
I'm sending money back, and it works like this.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ์†ก๊ธˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
So, in your village, there's one person in the village with a phone,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ๋งˆ์„์—๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:32
and that's the phone kiosk operator.
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์œ ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต์ค‘์ „ํ™” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:33
And it's quite likely that they'd have a quite simple mobile phone as a phone kiosk.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ณต์ค‘์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋“ฏ ์†ก๊ธˆ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
So what I do is, I buy a prepaid card like this.
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์ผ๋‹จ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ ๋ถˆ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ 
08:42
And instead of using that money to top up my own phone,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋‚ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์— ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
08:45
I call up the local village operator.
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๊ณ ํ–ฅ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์ „ํ™” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธํ•œํ…Œ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
And I read out that number to them, and they use it to top up their phone.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•œ ์นด๋“œ์˜ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํฐ์„ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
08:51
So, they're topping up the value from Kampala,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ์€ ์บ„ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†ก๊ธˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„
08:53
and it's now being topped up in the village.
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๊ณ ํ–ฅ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
You take a 10 or 20 percent commission, and then you --
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10~20ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋–ผ์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ
08:59
the kiosk operator takes 10 or 20 percent commission,
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๊ณต์ค‘์ „ํ™”๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ธ์ด ๊ทธ 10~20ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
and passes the rest over to you in cash.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ฐฐ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
OK, there's two things I like about this.
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์ด ์ผ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:08
So the first is, it turns anyone who has access to a mobile phone --
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
09:13
anyone who has a mobile phone --
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:15
essentially into an ATM machine.
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์ธ์ถœ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
It brings rudimentary banking services to places
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์€ํ–‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—
09:20
where there's no banking infrastructure.
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์€ํ–‰ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
And even if they could have access to the banking infrastructure,
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์„ค์‚ฌ ์€ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์ด ๊ฐ–์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
09:25
they wouldn't necessarily be considered viable customers,
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์€ํ–‰ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
because they're not wealthy enough to have bank accounts.
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์€ํ–‰๊ณ„์ขŒ๋ฅผ ํ‹€ ๋งŒํผ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
There's a second thing I like about this.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
09:34
And that is that despite all the resources at my disposal,
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๋‚˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์›์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
09:38
and despite all our kind of apparent sophistication,
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ํ˜น์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
09:40
I know I could never have designed something as elegant
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์ง„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
and as totally in tune with the local conditions as this. OK?
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๋„๋ก ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
09:49
And, yes, there are things like Grameen Bank and micro-lending.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏผ ์€ํ–‰(์†Œ์•ก์‹ ์šฉ๋Œ€์ถœ์€ํ–‰)์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
09:52
But the difference between this and that
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€
09:54
is, there's no central authority trying to control this.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
This is just street-up innovation.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚œ ํ˜์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
So, it turns out the street is a never-ending source of
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
10:06
inspiration for us.
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์˜๊ฐ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
And OK, if you break one of these things here, you return it to the carrier.
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์ž ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋™ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ์— ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉํ•˜๊ณ 
10:12
They'll give you a new one.
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์ƒˆ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
They'll probably give you three new ones, right?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ฐœ์ฏค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์ง€์š”?
10:15
I mean, that's buy three, get one free. That kind of thing.
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ณต์งœ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํŒ์ด‰ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
If you go on the streets of India and China, you see this kind of stuff.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๋„๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
And this is where they take the stuff that breaks,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
and they fix it, and they put it back into circulation.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆœํ™˜๋˜์–ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
This is from a workbench in Jilin City, in China,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ง„๋ฆฐ์‹œ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
and you can see people taking down a phone
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
10:36
and putting it back together.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
They reverse-engineer manuals.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„์Šค ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
This is a kind of hacker's manual,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ•ด์ปค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:44
and it's written in Chinese and English.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด์™€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
They also write them in Hindi.
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ํžŒ๋””์–ด๋กœ ์“ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
You can subscribe to these.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
There are training institutes where they're churning out people
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ต์œก ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
10:54
for fixing these things as well.
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ํ•™์› ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
But what I like about this is,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์€
11:00
it boils down to someone on the street with a small, flat surface,
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ๋‹จ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ํƒ์ž, ์Šคํฌ๋ฅ˜๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์™€ ์นซ์†” ์ •๋„๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:06
a screwdriver, a toothbrush for cleaning the contact heads --
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๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฒ™์ฒ™ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณต์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
because they often get dust on the contact heads -- and knowledge.
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์ ‘์ ์˜ ๋‹จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋”๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด ์ž˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€์‹์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
And it's all about the social network of the knowledge, floating around.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋– ๋Œ์•„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
And I like this because it challenges the way that we design stuff,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—
11:22
and build stuff, and potentially distribute stuff.
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๋„์ „์„ ๋˜์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
It challenges the norms.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
OK, for me the street just raises so many different questions.
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๋„ค, ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
Like, this is Viagra that I bought from a backstreet sex shop in China.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋’ท๊ณจ๋ชฉ ์„น์Šค์šฉํ’ˆ์ ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด์•„๊ทธ๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
And China is a country where you get a lot of fakes.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
And I know what you're asking -- did I test it?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ•ด๋ดค๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์š”?
11:44
I'm not going to answer that, OK.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค.
11:46
But I look at something like this, and I consider the implications
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๋ดค์„๋•Œ, ๊ตฌ๋งค๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜
11:50
of trust and confidence in the purchase process.
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์‹ ๋ขฐ์™€ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
And we look at this and we think, well, how does that apply,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
for example, for the design of -- the lessons from this --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„
11:58
apply to the design of online services, future services in these markets?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋””์ž์ธ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
This is a pair of underpants from --
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•œ๋ฒŒ์˜ ํŒฌํ‹ฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
12:09
(Laughter) --
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:11
from Tibet.
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ํ‹ฐ๋ฒณ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
And I look at something like this, and honestly, you know,
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์†”์งํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
why would someone design underpants with a pocket, right?
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์™œ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ํŒฌํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
12:19
And I look at something like this and it makes me question,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ๋•Œ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
if we were to take all the functionality in things like this,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
12:26
and redistribute them around the body
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๋ชธ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:27
in some kind of personal area network,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„๋งˆ๋„ Personal area network๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
12:29
how would we prioritize where to put stuff?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์†Œ์ง€ํ’ˆ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์„ ์„ ๋‘˜ ๊นŒ์š”?
12:31
And yes, this is quite trivial, but actually the lessons from this can apply to that
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๋„ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์ง€์‹์„
12:35
kind of personal area networks.
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Personal area network๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
And what you see here is a couple of phone numbers
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
written above the shack in rural Uganda.
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ง‘ ๋ฌธ ์œ„์— ์จ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
This doesn't have house numbers. This has phone numbers.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ง‘์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
So what does it mean when people's identity is mobile?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ์ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:55
When those extra three billion people's identity is mobile, it isn't fixed?
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  30์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ์ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‹ ๋ถ„์ด ํ™•์‹คํ•ด ์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
13:00
Your notion of identity is out-of-date already, OK,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‚ก์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
for those extra three billion people.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด 30์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
This is how it's shifting.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
And then I go to this picture here, which is the one that I started with.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ . ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
And this is from Delhi.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋ธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
It's from a study we did into illiteracy,
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๋ฌธ๋งน์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
and it's a guy in a teashop.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ฐป์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:22
You can see the chai being poured in the background.
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๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
13:24
And he's a, you know, incredibly poor teashop worker,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ฐป์ง‘์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
on the lowest rungs in the society.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด์ง€์š”.
13:30
And he, somehow, has the appreciation
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์›ฌ์ผ์ธ์ง€
13:34
of the values of Livestrong.
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๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ(์•”ํ‡ด์น˜์บ ํŽ˜์ธ)์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
And it's not necessarily the same values,
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๊ผญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
but some kind of values of Livestrong,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€์น˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
to actually go out and purchase them,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:43
and actually display them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
For me, this kind of personifies this connected world,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ
13:47
where everything is intertwined, and the dots are --
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์„ธ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฎ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:51
it's all about the dots joining together.
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์ ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ๊ณผ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
OK, the title of this presentation is "Connections and Consequences,"
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ "์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
and it's really a kind of summary of five years of trying to figure out
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์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
14:03
what it's going to be like when everyone on the planet
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ
14:06
has the ability to transcend space and time
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ,
14:09
in a personal and convenient manner, right?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ๋•Œ
14:12
When everyone's connected.
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
And there are four things.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
So, the first thing is the immediacy of ideas,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์ฆ‰์‹œ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
the speed at which ideas go around.
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์ฆ‰, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์†๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:23
And I know TED is about big ideas,
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TED์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
but actually, the benchmark for a big idea is changing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•จ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:30
If you want a big idea, you need to embrace everyone on the planet,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง„์ • ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
that's the first thing.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
The second thing is the immediacy of objects.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ์ฆ‰์‹œ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
And what I mean by that is, as these become smaller,
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์ ์  ์ž‘์•„ ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
14:43
as the functionality that you can access through this becomes greater --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
things like banking, identity --
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ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ์€ํ–‰์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์€
14:49
these things quite simply move very quickly around the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ์  ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
And so the speed of the adoption of things
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์†๋„๋Š”
14:56
is just going to become that much more rapid,
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63์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ
14:58
in a way that we just totally cannot conceive,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:01
when you get it to 6.3 billion
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ
15:03
and the growth in the world's population.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
The next thing is that, however we design this stuff --
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์…‹์งธ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
15:10
carefully design this stuff --
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์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜์—ฌ
15:11
the street will take it, and will figure out ways to innovate,
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ํ•„์š”์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”
15:14
as long as it meets base needs --
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
the ability to transcend space and time, for example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
And it will innovate in ways that we cannot anticipate.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
In ways that, despite our resources, they can do it better than us.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ค„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
That's my feeling.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
And if we're smart, we'll look at this stuff that's going on,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
15:34
and we'll figure out a way to enable it to inform and infuse
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ
15:39
both what we design and how we design.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
And the last thing is that -- actually, the direction of the conversation.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
With another three billion people connected,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  30์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€,
15:54
they want to be part of the conversation.
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๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
And I think our relevance and TED's relevance
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ
16:01
is really about embracing that and learning how to listen, essentially.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ TED๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
And we need to learn how to listen.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
So thank you very, very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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