The tyranny of merit | Michael Sandel

450,260 views ใƒป 2020-09-15

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: NaYeun Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : ํ•œ์†œ ์ด
00:12
Here's a question we should all be asking:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
What went wrong?
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:17
Not just with the pandemic
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ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:19
but with our civic life.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ์š”.
00:21
What brought us to this polarized, rancorous political moment?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ์˜ค์˜ ์ •์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:27
In recent decades,
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„
00:28
the divide between winners and losers has been deepening,
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์Šน์ž์™€ ํŒจ์ž์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณจ์€ ๋” ๊นŠ์–ด์ ธ
00:32
poisoning our politics,
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์ •์น˜์— ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ 
00:34
setting us apart.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
This divide is partly about inequality.
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์ด ๋ถ„๋ฉธ์— ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์›์ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
But it's also about the attitudes toward winning and losing
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ŠนํŒจ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋„
00:46
that have come with it.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•œ๋ชซํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:47
Those who landed on top
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์Šน๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์— ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
00:49
came to believe that their success was their own doing,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์œผ๋กœ
00:54
a measure of their merit,
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ์ฃ .
00:56
and that those who lost out had no one to blame but themselves.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:02
This way of thinking about success
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์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
01:04
arises from a seemingly attractive principle.
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๊ฝค ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค์ฃ .
01:08
If everyone has an equal chance,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:11
the winners deserve their winnings.
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์Šน๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์Šน์ž์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด์ฃ .
01:14
This is the heart of the meritocratic ideal.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด์ฃ .
01:19
In practice, of course, we fall far short.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์€, ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋™ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Not everybody has an equal chance to rise.
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Children born to poor families tend to stay poor when they grow up.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ง‘์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ปค์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Affluent parents are able to pass their advantages onto their kids.
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ์ž์‹๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
At Ivy League universities, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์•„์ด๋น„๋ฆฌ๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘
01:43
there are more students from the top one percent
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์ƒ์œ„ 1% ์†Œ๋“์ธต์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์ด
01:47
than from the entire bottom half of the country combined.
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๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„ ์†Œ๋“ ์ž๋…€๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
But the problem isn't only that we fail to live up
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง–๋Š” ์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜ ์›์น™์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:57
to the meritocratic principles we proclaim.
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์‹คํŒจํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
The ideal itself is flawed.
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์›์น™ ์ž์ฒด์— ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
It has a dark side.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
Meritocracy is corrosive of the common good.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ต์„ ์ข€ ๋จน๋Š” ์›์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
It leads to hubris among the winners
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์Šน์ž๋ฅผ ๊ต๋งŒ์˜ ๊ธธ๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:15
and humiliation among those who lose out.
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ํŒจ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตด์š•๋งŒ์„ ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
It encourages the successful to inhale too deeply of their success,
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ์— ๊นŠ์ด ์‹ฌ์ทจํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ธฐ๊ณ 
02:25
to forget the luck and good fortune that helped them on their way.
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค€ ์šด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ง๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
And it leads them to look down on those less fortunate,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์šด์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์–•๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
02:35
less credentialed than themselves.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
02:39
This matters for politics.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์น˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
One of the most potent sources of the populous backlash
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๋Œ€์ค‘์  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ์›์ธ์€
02:47
is the sense among many working people that elites look down on them.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—์„œ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
It's a legitimate complaint.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์ด์ฃ .
02:56
Even as globalization brought deepening inequality
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ž„๊ธˆ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ด
03:01
and stagnant wages,
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๋”์šฑ ๊นŠ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
03:04
its proponents offered workers some bracing advice.
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์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๋ž„ํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
"If you want to compete and win in the global economy,
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"์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ ค๋ฉด
03:13
go to college."
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด."
03:15
"What you earn depends on what you learn."
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"๋ฐฐ์šด ๋งŒํผ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
03:19
"You can make it if you try."
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"๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด."
03:22
These elites miss the insult implicit in this advice.
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์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์š•์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
03:29
If you don't go to college,
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๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:31
if you don't flourish in the new economy,
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:34
your failure is your fault.
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์‹คํŒจ์˜ ์›์ธ์€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:37
That's the implication.
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์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:39
It's no wonder many working people turned against meritocratic elites.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ๋Œ€์ ์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
So what should we do?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:48
We need to rethink three aspects of our civic life.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
The role of college,
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๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์—ญํ™œ
03:54
the dignity of work
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๋…ธ๋™์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ
03:56
and the meaning of success.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ
03:59
We should begin by rethinking the role of universities
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๋จผ์ € ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์ž๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:03
as arbiters of opportunity.
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์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
For those of us who spend our days in the company of the credentialed,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฅ˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:12
it's easy to forget a simple fact:
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Most people don't have a four-year college degree.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด 4๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:21
In fact, nearly two-thirds of Americans don't.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
So it is folly to create an economy
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…์žฅ์ด
04:30
that makes a university diploma a necessary condition
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์กด์—„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ํ•„์š”์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋˜๋Š”
04:35
of dignified work and a decent life.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Encouraging people to go to college is a good thing.
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ง„ํ•™์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
Broadening access for those who can't afford it
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์—ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:45
is even better.
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์„ ์ˆœ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:47
But this is not a solution to inequality.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
We should focus less on arming people for meritocratic combat,
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ „์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋„๋ก ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ ๋ฌด์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
04:56
and focus more on making life better
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ํ•™์œ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„
05:00
for people who lack a diploma
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ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
but who make essential contributions to our society.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:07
We should renew the dignity of work
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์ผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:10
and place it at the center of our politics.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •์น˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
We should remember that work is not only about making a living,
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์ผ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
05:18
it's also about contributing to the common good
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๊ณต์ต์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
05:21
and winning recognition for doing so.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:25
Robert F. Kennedy put it well half a century ago.
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์ผ€๋„ค๋””๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
Fellowship, community, shared patriotism.
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๋™๋ฃŒ์• , ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ, ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ.
05:33
These essential values do not come
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์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์€
05:36
from just buying and consuming goods together.
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๊ทธ์ € ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
05:40
They come from dignified employment,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”
05:43
at decent pay.
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ํ’ˆ์œ„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:45
The kind of employment that enables us to say,
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์ง์›๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด์š”.
05:48
"I helped to build this country.
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"์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
I am a participant in its great public ventures."
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์ €๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์ต์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:56
This civic sentiment
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ •์„œ๋ฅผ
05:59
is largely missing from our public life today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
We often assume that the money people make
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ˆ์˜ ์•ก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
06:08
is the measure of their contribution to the common good.
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๊ณต์ต์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฃ๋Œ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
06:12
But this is a mistake.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
Martin Luther King Jr. explained why.
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๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐ ํ‚น ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ „์— ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:19
Reflecting on a strike by sanitation workers
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ํ…Œ๋„ค์‹œ์ฃผ ๋ฉคํ”ผ์Šค์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์œ„์ƒ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค ์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ํŒŒ์—…์„
06:23
in Memphis, Tennessee,
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:25
shortly before he was assassinated,
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์•”์‚ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ง์ „
06:28
King said,
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ํ‚น ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
"The person who picks up our garbage is, in the final analysis,
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"๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
06:34
as significant as the physician,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋งŒํผ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
for if he doesn't do his job,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
06:41
diseases are rampant.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:44
All labor has dignity."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…์€ ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:47
Today's pandemic makes this clear.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:50
It reveals how deeply we rely
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋˜ ์ง์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:53
on workers we often overlook.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:57
Delivery workers,
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๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ์›
06:59
maintenance workers,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ
07:01
grocery store clerks,
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์˜ ์ ์›
07:03
warehouse workers,
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์ฐฝ๊ณ  ์ง์›
07:04
truckers,
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ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ์šด์ „์‚ฌ
07:06
nurse assistants,
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๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ
07:07
childcare workers,
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ํƒ์•„์†Œ ์ง์›
07:09
home health care providers.
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์žํƒ ๊ฐ„๋ณ‘์ธ
07:11
These are not the best-paid or most honored workers.
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์ด๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋†’์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์กด๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ง์—…๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
But now, we see them as essential workers.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ง์—… ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
07:22
This is a moment for a public debate
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ธ์‹์„
07:26
about how to bring their pay and recognition
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ์ƒ์—
07:29
into better alignment with the importance of their work.
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๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
It is also time for a moral, even spiritual, turning,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋„๋•, ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์‹œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
questioning our meritocratic hubris.
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ต๋งŒ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:45
Do I morally deserve the talents that enable me to flourish?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์›์ธ์ด ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์˜ค์ง ๋‚˜์˜ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
07:50
Is it my doing
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋‚˜์„œ
07:52
that I live in a society that prizes the talents
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ 
07:56
I happen to have?
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์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?
07:58
Or is that my good luck?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?
08:01
Insisting that my success is my due
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์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ง‘์€
08:04
makes it hard to see myself in other people's shoes.
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:10
Appreciating the role of luck in life
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์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์šด์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๋•Œ
08:13
can prompt a certain humility.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒธ์†์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
There but for the accident of birth, or the grace of God,
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์ถœ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹ ์˜ ์€์ด์ธ์ง€
08:20
or the mystery of fate,
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๋˜๋Š” ์šด๋ช…์˜ ์‹ ๋น„์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
08:22
go I.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
This spirit of humility
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๊ฒธ์†์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
08:26
is the civic virtue we need now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ •์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
It's the beginning of a way back
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ๋†“์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ์œค๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:32
from the harsh ethic of success that drives us apart.
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๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด์ฃ .
08:37
It points us beyond the tyranny of merit
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๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํšกํฌ๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์–ด
08:41
to a less rancorous, more generous public life.
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์ฆ์˜ค์‹ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์›€์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ง„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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