Boaz Almog "levitates" a superconductor

772,929 views ใƒป 2012-07-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: YeJe Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : K Bang
00:25
The phenomenon you saw here for a brief moment
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์ž ์‹œ๋™์•ˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์‹  ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์€
00:29
is called quantum levitation and quantum locking.
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์–‘์ž ๋ถ€์ƒ๊ณผ ์–‘์ž ๊ณ ์ •(locking)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
And the object that was levitating here
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๊ณต์ค‘๋ถ€์–‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
00:39
is called a superconductor.
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์ด ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
00:41
Superconductivity is a quantum state of matter,
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์ดˆ์ „๋„ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์  ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ
00:47
and it occurs only below a certain critical temperature.
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์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ์•ผ๋งŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Now, it's quite an old phenomenon;
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์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค 100๋…„์ „์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ
00:53
it was discovered 100 years ago.
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์˜ค๋žœ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
However, only recently,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๊ทผ๋ž˜์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ์•ผ
00:57
due to several technological advancements,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ง„๋ณด์— ์˜ํ•ด
01:00
we are now able to demonstrate to you
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ
01:02
quantum levitation and quantum locking.
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์–‘์ž ๋ถ€์ƒ๊ณผ ์–‘์ž ๊ณ ์ •์„ ์‹œ์—ฐํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
So, a superconductor is defined by two properties.
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์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋“ค๋กœ ์ •์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
The first is zero electrical resistance,
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์ฒซ ์„ฑ์งˆ์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์—†๊ณ ,
01:15
and the second is the expulsion of a magnetic field from the interior of the superconductor.
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
That sounds complicated, right?
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ฃ ?
01:25
But what is electrical resistance?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:28
So, electricity is the flow of electrons inside a material.
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์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
And these electrons, while flowing,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋„์ค‘
01:38
they collide with the atoms, and in these collisions
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๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ
01:40
they lose a certain amount of energy.
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์ „์ž๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ •๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
And they dissipate this energy in the form of heat, and you know that effect.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์—ด๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋˜์–ด ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ์†Œ์‹ค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ตํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
However, inside a superconductor there are no collisions,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ž์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
so there is no energy dissipation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์†Œ์‹ค๋„ ์—†์ง€์š”.
01:59
It's quite remarkable. Think about it.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํšจ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
In classical physics, there is always some friction, some energy loss.
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๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์–ด๋Š ์—ญํ•™ ๊ณผ์ •์—๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‹ค์ด ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
But not here, because it is a quantum effect.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์–‘์ž ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ํšจ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
But that's not all, because superconductors don't like magnetic fields.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:19
So a superconductor will try to expel magnetic field from the inside,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ€์ณ๋‚ด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:24
and it has the means to do that by circulating currents.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š” ์ˆœํ™˜์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
Now, the combination of both effects --
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์ด์ œ, ์ด ๋‘ ํšจ๊ณผ :
02:33
the expulsion of magnetic fields and zero electrical resistance --
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์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด
02:39
is exactly a superconductor.
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์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
But the picture isn't always perfect, as we all know,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์„ค๋ช…์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
and sometimes strands of magnetic field remain inside the superconductor.
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์ข…์ข… ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค์ด ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Now, under proper conditions, which we have here,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„ 
02:57
these strands of magnetic field can be trapped inside the superconductor.
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์ด ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค์€ ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด ๋‚ด์— ๊ฐ‡ํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
And these strands of magnetic field inside the superconductor,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ด ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค์€
03:09
they come in discrete quantities.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Why? Because it is a quantum phenomenon. It's quantum physics.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์  ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์ž ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
03:15
And it turns out that they behave like quantum particles.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค์€ ์ž…์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
In this movie here, you can see how they flow one by one discretely.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ, ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ์ด ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ๋ฅด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
This is strands of magnetic field. These are not particles,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
but they behave like particles.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž…์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:33
So, this is why we call this effect quantum levitation and quantum locking.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ "์–‘์ž" ๋ถ€์ƒ๊ณผ "์–‘์ž" ๊ณ ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
But what happens to the superconductor when we put it inside a magnetic field?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ ์†์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
03:43
Well, first there are strands of magnetic field left inside,
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์šฐ์„ , ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:48
but now the superconductor doesn't like them moving around,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š” ์ด ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜์ฃ .
03:52
because their movements dissipate energy,
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์ด ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‹ค์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ ,
03:55
which breaks the superconductivity state.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
So what it actually does, it locks these strands,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ์†์–‘์ž(fluxon) ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:02
which are called fluxons, and it locks these fluxons in place.
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์ž๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๊ณ ์ •์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:08
And by doing that, what it actually does is locking itself in place.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๊ณ ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
Why? Because any movement of the superconductor will change their place,
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ์›€์ง์—ฌ๋„ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
04:24
will change their configuration.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
So we get quantum locking. And let me show you how this works.
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์ด๋กœ์จ, ์–‘์ž ๊ณ ์ • ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
I have here a superconductor, which I wrapped up so it'd stay cold long enough.
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์šฐ์„  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํฌ์žฅํ•œ ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ž‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
And when I place it on top of a regular magnet,
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์ด ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ž์„ ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
04:41
it just stays locked in midair.
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๊ณต์ค‘์— ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:49
Now, this is not just levitation. It's not just repulsion.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ถ€์–‘์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์ž‘์šฉ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
I can rearrange the fluxons, and it will be locked in this new configuration.
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์ž๊ธฐ์„ ์†์–‘์ž๋“ค์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์—ดํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
Like this, or move it slightly to the right or to the left.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ, ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
So, this is quantum locking -- actually locking -- three-dimensional locking of the superconductor.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์–‘์ž ๊ณ ์ •์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ, ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด์˜ 3์ฐจ์›์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Of course, I can turn it upside down,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:12
and it will remain locked.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ฒด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:15
Now, now that we understand that this so-called levitation is actually locking,
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์ด์ œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ถ€์–‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ณ ์ • ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
Yeah, we understand that.
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์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
You won't be surprised to hear that if I take this circular magnet,
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”
05:33
in which the magnetic field is the same all around,
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์ด ์›ํ˜• ์ž์„์œ„์— ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
05:37
the superconductor will be able to freely rotate around the axis of the magnet.
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์ž์„์˜ ์ถ•์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Why? Because as long as it rotates, the locking is maintained.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”? ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ์†์–‘์ž์˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
You see? I can adjust and I can rotate the superconductor.
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๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์ •ํ• ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํšŒ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
We have frictionless motion. It is still levitating, but can move freely all around.
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์ด ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ค‘๋ถ€์–‘์ค‘์—๋„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
So, we have quantum locking and we can levitate it on top of this magnet.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–‘์ž ๊ณ ์ • ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
But how many fluxons, how many magnetic strands are there in a single disk like this?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ์†์–‘์ž๊ฐ€, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค์ด, ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์›๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ด€ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:17
Well, we can calculate it, and it turns out, quite a lot.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
06:20
One hundred billion strands of magnetic field inside this three-inch disk.
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์ฒœ์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค์ด ์ด 3์ธ์น˜(4.8cm) ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์›๋ฐ˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
But that's not the amazing part yet, because there is something I haven't told you yet.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:32
And, yeah, the amazing part is that this superconductor that you see here
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์˜ˆ, ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š”
06:37
is only half a micron thick. It's extremely thin.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 0.5 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ก  (๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ถ„์˜ 1 ๋ฏธํ„ฐ)์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์–‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
And this extremely thin layer is able to levitate more than 70,000 times its own weight.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ทน๋„๋ก ์–‡์€ ์›๋ฐ˜์€ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ณด๋‹ค 7 ๋งŒ๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
It's a remarkable effect. It's very strong.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํšจ๊ณผ์ด์ฃ . ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Now, I can extend this circular magnet,
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์ด์ œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์›ํ˜• ์ž์„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
and make whatever track I want.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํŠธ๋ž™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:08
For example, I can make a large circular rail here.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์›ํ˜• ์„ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
And when I place the superconducting disk on top of this rail,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ด ์„ ๋กœ์œ„์— ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด ์›๋ฐ˜์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
07:19
it moves freely.
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์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:33
And again, that's not all. I can adjust its position like this, and rotate,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ, ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด์„œ ํšŒ์ „์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
and it freely moves in this new position.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š” ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
And I can even try a new thing; let's try it for the first time.
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์ด์ œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ์ด๊ฑด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
I can take this disk and put it here,
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์›๋ฐ˜์„ ์ง‘์–ด์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋†“๊ณ ,
07:54
and while it stays here -- don't move --
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ -- ์›€์ง์ด์ง€๋งˆ--
07:57
I will try to rotate the track,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŠธ๋ž™์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
and hopefully, if I did it correctly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋ฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:06
it stays suspended.
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์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š” ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ฒด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:18
You see, it's quantum locking, not levitation.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ถ€์–‘์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์–‘์ž ๊ณ ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
Now, while I'll let it circulate for a little more,
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์ด์ œ, ์ž ์‹œ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‘๊ณ ,
08:29
let me tell you a little bit about superconductors.
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์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Now -- (Laughter) --
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์ด์ œ -- (์›ƒ์Œ) --
08:38
So we now know that we are able to transfer enormous amount of currents inside superconductors,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ˆœํ™˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
so we can use them to produce strong magnetic fields,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
such as needed in MRI machines, particle accelerators and so on.
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์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์€ MRI ์—๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€์†๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์—๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
But we can also store energy using superconductors,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•ด ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
because we have no dissipation.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ์‹ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:02
And we could also produce power cables, to transfer enormous amounts of current between power stations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๊ฐ„ ์ „์†ก์— ์ด์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Imagine you could back up a single power station with a single superconducting cable.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
But what is the future of quantum levitation and quantum locking?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์–‘์ž ๋ถ€์ƒ๊ณผ ์–‘์ž ๊ณ ์ •์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
09:23
Well, let me answer this simple question by giving you an example.
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์ž, ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
Imagine you would have a disk similar to the one I have here in my hand,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†์— ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆ„ 3์ธ์น˜(์•ฝ5cm) ์›๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ
09:36
three-inch diameter, with a single difference.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์›๋ฐ˜์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:40
The superconducting layer, instead of being half a micron thin,
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0.5 ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ก ์˜ ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด์ธต ๋Œ€์‹ ,
09:45
being two millimeters thin, quite thin.
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2 ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด์ธต์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–‡์ฃ ,
09:48
This two-millimeter-thin superconducting layer could hold 1,000 kilograms, a small car, in my hand.
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์ด 2 ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ์ดˆ์ „๋„์ฒด๋Š” ์ฒœ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ ˜์˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด, ์ž‘์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ œ ์† ์œ„์— ๋ถ€์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Amazing. Thank you.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜์ฃ . ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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