Michael Metcalfe: We need money for aid. So let's print it.

59,398 views ใƒป 2014-02-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kevin Jin ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sanghyun Hahn
00:12
Thirteen years ago,
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13๋…„ ์ „
00:15
we set ourselves a goal to end poverty.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณค ์ข…์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
After some success,
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ์žˆ์€ ํ›„์—
00:24
we've hit a big hurdle.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ์žฅ์• ์— ๋ถ€๋”ช์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
The aftermath of the financial crisis
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๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ํ›„์œ ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ
00:29
has begun to hit aid payments,
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์›์กฐ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ถ€๋‹ฅ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:32
which have fallen for two consecutive years.
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์›์กฐ ์ง€๊ธ‰์€ 2๋…„ ์—ฐ์† ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
My question is whether the lessons learned
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์ œ ์˜๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
00:41
from saving the financial system
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์ง€์ผœ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ตํ›ˆ์„
00:45
can be used to help us overcome that hurdle
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์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์„ ๋•๋Š”๋ฐ
00:48
and help millions.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Can we simply print money for aid?
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๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ™”ํ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
00:58
"Surely not."
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"์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ๋ผ"
01:00
It's a common reaction.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด์ฃ 
01:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:03
It's a quick talk.
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์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์ธ ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฃ .
01:05
Others channel John McEnroe.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์กด ๋งค์ผ„๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๋‚ด ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
01:10
"You cannot be serious!"
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"๋‹น์‹  ์ง„๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ !" (์กด๋งค์ผ„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์ง„ ๋ง)
01:12
Now, I can't do the accent, but I am serious,
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ๊ทธ ์–ต์–‘์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜์ง„ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ง„์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
thanks to these two children,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‘ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
who, as you'll learn, are very much at the heart
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ œ ์–˜๊ธฐ์˜
01:25
of my talk.
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์ •์ˆ˜(็ฒพ้ซ“ )์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
On the left, we have Pia.
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์™ผ์ชฝ์— ํ”ผ์•„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”
01:30
She lives in England.
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
She has two loving parents,
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์• ์ •์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”
01:35
one of whom is standing right here.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Dorothy, on the right,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์€ ๋„๋กœ์‹œ์ธ๋ฐ,
01:42
lives in rural Kenya.
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์ผ€๋ƒ ์ „์›์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
She's one of 13,000 orphans
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋Š” 13,000 ๋ช…์˜ ๊ณ ์•„์™€
01:48
and vulnerable children
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์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค ์ค‘์— ํ•œ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ
01:49
who are assisted by a charity that I support.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์„ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด์ฃ .
01:54
I do that because I believe
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:57
that Dorothy, like Pia,
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ํ”ผ์•„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋„๋กœ์‹œ๋„
02:00
deserves the best life chances
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:03
that we can afford to give her.
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์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
You'll all agree with me, I'm sure.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋™์˜ ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
The U.N. agrees too.
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UN ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
Their overriding aim
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
02:13
for international aid
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๊ตญ์ œ์  ์›์กฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:15
is to strive for a life of dignity for all.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กด์—„ํ•œ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
But -- and here's that hurdle --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
can we afford our aid aspirations?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ํ˜•ํŽธ์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:30
History suggests not.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
In 1970, governments set themselves a target
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1970๋…„, ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์› ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:39
to increase overseas aid payments
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ํ•ด์™ธ ์›์กฐ์ง€๊ธ‰์„
02:42
to 0.7 percent
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“์˜ 0.7%๊นŒ์ง€
02:44
of their national income.
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๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
As you can see, a big gap opens up
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์‹ค์ œ ์›์กฐ์™€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
02:50
between actual aid and that target.
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ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
But then come the Millennium Development Goals,
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ํ•˜๊ธด ์ƒˆ์ฒœ๋…„๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณ„ํš(2000๋…„ UN ์ฑ„ํƒ)์ด ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
02:59
eight ambitious targets
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8๊ฐœ์˜ ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ
03:01
to be met by 2015.
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2015๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
If I tell you that just one of those targets
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ„ํš์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์•„์™€
03:08
is to eradicate extreme hunger and poverty,
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๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ๊ทผ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
03:12
you get a sense of the ambition.
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์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ๊ณ„ํš์ž„์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:15
There's also been some success.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
The number of people living
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— $1.25 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š”
03:20
on less than $1.25 a day has halved.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
But a lot remains to be done in two years.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2๋…„ ๋‚ด์— ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
One in eight remain hungry.
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8๋ช…์ค‘์— 1๋ช…์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
In the context of this auditorium,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
03:36
the front two rows aren't going to get any food.
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์•ž์— ๋‘ ์ค„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์Œ์‹๋„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
We can't settle for that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
which is why the concern about the eighth goal,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿ์งธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๊ณจ์น˜ ์•„ํ”•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
which relates to funding,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
03:49
which I said at the beginning is falling,
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์•ž์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€๋กœ
03:52
is so troubling.
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์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
So what can be done?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:58
Well, I work in financial markets,
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์Œ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:01
not development.
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
I study the behavior of investors,
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์ €๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ž ํ–‰๋™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:07
how they react to policy and the economy.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
It gives me a different angle on the aid issue.
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ €๋Š” ์›์กฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
But it took an innocent question
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:19
from my then-four-year-old daughter
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๋‹น์‹œ 4์‚ด์ด๋˜ ๋”ธ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง„
04:22
to make me appreciate that.
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์ˆœ์ง„ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Pia and I were on the way to a local cafe
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ํ”ผ์•„์™€ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นดํŽ˜์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:29
and we passed a man collecting for charity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์„ ์„ ๊ตฌ๊ฑธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
I didn't have any change to give him,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค„ ์ž”๋ˆ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:35
and she was disappointed.
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์ œ ๋”ธ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์‹ค๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Once in the cafe, Pia takes out her coloring book
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์นดํŽ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ”ผ์•„๋Š” ์น ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ฑ…์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋”๋‹ˆ
04:42
and starts scribbling.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ธ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
After a little while, I ask her what she's doing,
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์ž ์‹œํ›„์—, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋”ธ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญํ•˜๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ ,
04:47
and she shows me a drawing
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๋”ธ ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:50
of a ยฃ5 note
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5ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ง€ํ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:52
to give to the man outside.
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๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
04:54
It's so sweet,
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์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:55
and more generous than Dad would have been.
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๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด ์˜จ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:58
But of course I explained to her,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋”ธ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
05:00
"You can't do that; it's not allowed."
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"๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜์—†๋‹จ๋‹ค; ์•ˆ๋ผ"
05:03
To which I get the classic four-year-old response:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ๋„ค์‚ด ๋œ ์•„์ด์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:08
"Why not?"
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"์™œ ์•ˆ๋ผ?"
05:10
Now I'm excited, because I actually think
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €๋Š” ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š”
05:12
I can answer this time.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
05:14
So I launch into an explanation of how
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ „ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:17
an unlimited supply of money
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ํ™”ํ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด
05:21
chasing a limited number of goods
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์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
05:24
sends prices to the moon.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ ๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
Something about that exchange stuck with me,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
not because of the look of relief
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋๋ƒˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—
05:37
on Pia's face when I finally finished,
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์•ˆ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผ์•„ ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:39
but because it related
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ํ™”ํ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•จ๊ณผ
05:44
to the sanctity of the money supply,
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๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ ,
05:49
a sanctity that had been challenged and questioned
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์‹ ์„ฑํ•จ์€ ๋„์ „ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์™”๊ณ  ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
05:53
by the reaction of central banks
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๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์˜
05:56
to the financial crisis.
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๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
To reassure investors,
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ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
06:01
central banks began buying assets
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์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์€ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋งค์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:06
to try and encourage investors to do the same.
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์ด๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋™์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
They funded these purchases
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์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งค์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:15
with money they created themselves.
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์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ํ™”ํ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
The money wasn't actually physically printed.
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๊ทธ ํ™”ํ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‡„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
It's still sort of locked away in the banking system today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ฑ…ํ‚น์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(์ฒด๊ณ„)์— ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
06:25
But the amount created was unprecedented.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ด์•ก์€ ์ „๋ก€์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Together, the central banks of the U.S.,
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ํ•ฉ์ณ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ์˜
06:34
U.K and Japan
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์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰๋“ค์€
06:36
increased the stock of money in their economies
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ†ตํ™”๋Ÿ‰์„
06:39
by 3.7 trillion dollars.
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3.7์กฐ ๋ถˆ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
That's three times, in fact that's more than three times,
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์„ธ ๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์ด์ฃ 
06:47
the total physical stock of dollar notes in circulation.
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์œ ํ†ต๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€ํ์˜ ์ด๋ณด์œ ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
Three times!
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์„ธ ๋ฐฐ์š” !
06:56
Before the crisis,
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๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
06:58
this would have been utterly unthinkable,
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์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ 
07:03
yet it was accepted remarkably quickly.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
The price of gold,
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š”
07:12
an asset thought to protect against inflation,
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์ž์‚ฐ์ธ ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€
07:15
did jump,
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์˜ฌ๋ž์œผ๋‚˜
07:18
but investors bought other assets
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ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋งค์ž…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:20
that offered little protection from inflation.
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ์ด์ง€์š”
07:23
They bought fixed income securities, bonds.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ์ •๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ถ€ ์ฆ๊ถŒ, ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋งค์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
They bought equities too.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ์‹๋„ ๋งค์ž…ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:29
For all the scare stories,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:32
the actual actions of investors
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์‹ค์ œ ํˆฌ์ž์ž์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€
07:35
spoke of rapid acceptance and confidence.
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์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ธ์ •๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
That confidence was based on two pillars.
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๊ทธ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
The first was that, after years
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„
07:50
of keeping inflation under control,
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ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ,
07:53
central banks were trusted
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์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์€
07:56
to take the money-printing away
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:59
if inflation became a threat.
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ํ™”ํ ๋ฐœํ–‰์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:03
Secondly, inflation simply never became a threat.
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:09
As you can see, in the United States,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:11
inflation for most of this period
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์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€
08:13
remained below average.
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ํ‰๊ท ์ดํ•˜์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
It was the same elsewhere.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์ฃ .
08:20
So how does all this relate to aid?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์กฐ์™€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ณผ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:23
Well, this is where Dorothy
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋„๋กœ์‹œ์™€
08:27
and the Mango Tree charity
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๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” '๋ง๊ณ  ํŠธ๋ฆฌ'๋ผ๋Š”
08:29
that supports her comes in.
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์ž์„ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
I was at one of their fundraising events
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ ์ž์„ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ ๋ชจ๊ธˆ ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ค‘
08:34
earlier this year,
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ํ•œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:35
and I was inspired to give a one-off donation
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์ผํšŒ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:39
when I remembered that my firm
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์ €ํฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ข…์—…์›์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ
08:42
offers to match the charitable contributions
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์ž์„ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„
08:45
its employees make.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
So think of this:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
08:50
Instead of just being able to help Dorothy
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๋„๋กœ์‹œ์™€
08:53
and four of her classmates
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ 4๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
08:55
to go through secondary school for a few years,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ช‡๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
08:58
I was able to double my contribution.
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์ €๋Š” ์ €์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Brilliant.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜์ฃ 
09:04
So following that conversation with my daughter,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ๋”ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™” ํ›„์—
09:10
and seeing the absence of inflation
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ํ™”ํ๋ฐœํ–‰์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
09:13
in the face of money-printing,
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
09:15
and knowing that international aid payments
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๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ตญ์ œ ์›์กฐ ์ง€์›์ด
09:18
were falling at just the wrong time,
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ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž
09:21
this made me wonder:
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์ €๋Š” ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
09:25
Could we match
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
09:27
but just on a much grander scale?
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์•„์ฃผ ๋” ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:34
Let's call this scheme "Print Aid."
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ '์›์กฐ ์ธ์‡„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…์‹œ๋‹ค
09:38
And here's how it might work.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
Provided it saw little inflation risk from doing so,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:46
the central bank would be mandated
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์›์กฐ์ง€์›์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก
09:48
to match the government's overseas aid payments
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์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์ด ์–ด๋–ค ํ•œ๋„๊นŒ์ง€
09:51
up to a certain limit.
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์œ„์ž„๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
Governments have been aiming to get aid
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ช‡๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ 0.7% ์›์กฐ๋ฅผ
09:56
to 0.7 percent for years,
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
so let's set the limit at half of that,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ•œ๋„๋กœ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค,
10:01
0.35 percent of their income.
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์†Œ๋“์˜ 0.35%๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”
10:05
So it would work like this: If in a given year
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”: ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
10:07
the government gave 0.2 percent of its income
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋“์˜ 0.2%๋ฅผ
10:09
to overseas aid,
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ํ•ด์™ธ์ง€์›์— ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:11
the central bank would simply top it up
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์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์ด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 0.2%๋ฅผ
10:12
with a further 0.2 percent.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
So far so good.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง„ ์ข‹์ฃ 
10:19
How risky is this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:22
Well, this involves the creation of money
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์žฌํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:26
to buy goods, not assets.
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์‹ ์šฉ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
It sounds more inflationary already, doesn't it.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์จ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”.
10:32
But there are two important mitigating factors here.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
The first is that by definition,
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์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
10:40
this money printed would be spent overseas.
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๋ฐœํ–‰๋œ ํ™”ํ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
So it's not obvious how it leads to inflation
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ™”ํŽ˜์˜ ๋ฐœํ–‰์ด ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
10:49
in the country doing the actual printing
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š”์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:53
unless it leads to a currency depreciation of that country.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ™”ํ๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:58
That is unlikely for the second reason:
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”:
11:01
the scale of the money that would be printed
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์ด ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ
11:04
under this scheme.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
So let's think of an example
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์ž ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ 
11:10
where Print Aid was in place
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์›์กฐ ์ธ์‡„๊ฐ€
11:14
in the U.S., U.K. and Japan.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ 
11:18
To match the aid payments made
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์ง€๋‚œ 4๋…„์ด ๋„˜๋„๋ก ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ•ด
11:20
by those governments over the last four years,
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์‹คํ–‰๋œ ์›์กฐ์ง€๊ธ‰์— ๋งž์ถ”๋ ค๋ฉด
11:23
Print Aid would have generated
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ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ์—๋“œ๋Š” 2์ฒœ์–ต๋ถˆ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›
11:25
200 billion dollars' worth of extra aid.
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๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
What would that look like
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด ๋‚ฌ๋˜
11:32
in the context of the increase in the money stock
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ํ†ตํ™”๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:36
that had already happened in those countries
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๊ธˆ์œต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:38
to save the financial system?
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๋ฌด์—‡๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:40
Are you read for this?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์ฝ์œผ์…จ์–ด์š”?
11:43
You might struggle to see that at the back,
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:45
because the gap is quite small.
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๋’ค์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํž˜๋“œ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
So what we're saying here
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:51
is that we took a $3.7 trillion gamble
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:55
to save our financial systems,
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3์กฐ7์ฒœ์–ต๋ถˆ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋„๋ฐ•์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
11:57
and you know what, it paid off.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ , ๊ทธ ๋„๋ฐ•์€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
There was no inflation.
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
Are we really saying that it's not worth the risk
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์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ 2์ฒœ์–ต๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”
12:05
to print an extra 200 billion for aid?
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์งˆ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง„์งœ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:10
Would the risks really be that different?
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๊ทธ ์œ„ํ—˜๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
12:12
To me, it's not that clear.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
What is clear is the impact on aid.
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๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
Even though this is the printing
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๋น„๋ก ๋‹จ์ง€ ์„ธ ์ค‘์•™ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ
12:20
of just three central banks,
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๋ฐœํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
12:21
the global aid that's given
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ์— ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„
12:25
over this period is up by almost 40 percent.
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๊ตญ์ œ ์ง€์›์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 40%๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Aid as a proportion of national income
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์›์€
12:32
all of a sudden is at a 40-year high.
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์–ด๋Š๋ง 40๋…„๋งŒ์— ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
Now, we don't get to 0.7 percent.
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 0.7%์—๋Š” ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
Governments are still incentivized to give.
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง€์›์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
But you know what, that's the point of a matching scheme.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•„์„ธ์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งค์นญ์Šคํ‚ด (matching scheme:๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„)์˜ ์š”์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
So I think what we've learned
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ ์€
12:50
is that the risks from this money creation scheme
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์‹ ์šฉ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜์€
12:54
are quite modest,
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
12:57
but the benefits
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๊ทธ ํ˜œํƒ์€
13:00
are potentially huge.
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Imagine what we could do with 40 percent more funding.
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40%์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธˆ๋ชจ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
13:06
We might be able to feed the front row.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์•ž ์ค„์— ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ถ„๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์Œ์‹ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
13:11
The thing that I fear, the only thing that I fear,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
13:13
apart from the fact that I've run out of time,
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์ œ ์—ฐ์„ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ง๊ณ 
13:15
is that the window of opportunity for this idea
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ˆํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€
13:20
is a short one.
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
Today, money creation by central banks
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  , ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์šฉ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋Š”
13:27
is an accepted policy tool.
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์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
That may not always be the case.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
Today there are universally agreed aims
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์˜ค๋Š˜, ๊ตญ์ œ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
13:36
for international aid.
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๋™์˜๋œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
That may not always be the case.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
Today might be the only time
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์˜ค๋Š˜์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ
13:44
that these two things coincide,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:47
such that we can afford the aid
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”
13:51
that we've always aspired to give.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
So, can we print money for international aid?
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์›์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™”ํ๋ฐœํ–‰์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
14:03
I seriously believe the question should be,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ
14:07
why not?
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"์™œ ์•ˆ๋ผ?" ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
14:09
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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