Emma Teeling: The secret of the bat genome

6,282 views ・ 2015-07-15

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: Hee Lim Han κ²€ν† : Eileen Soohyung Han
00:12
What I want you all to do right now
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μ—¬κΈ° 계신 λͺ¨λ“  λΆ„λ“€κ»˜ μ œκ°€ λΆ€νƒλ“œλ¦΄ 것은
00:14
is to think of this mammal that I'm going to describe to you.
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μ§€κΈˆ μ œκ°€ μ„€λͺ…ν•  이 ν¬μœ λ™λ¬Όμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³΄μžλŠ” 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
The first thing I'm going to tell you about this mammal
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μ œκ°€ 이 ν¬μœ λ™λ¬Όμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  싢은 첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”
00:21
is that it is essential for our ecosystems to function correctly.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이 동물이 우리의 μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” 데에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
If we remove this mammal from our ecosystems,
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 동물을 우리 μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œ μ—†μ•€λ‹€λ©΄
00:29
they simply will not work.
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μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ” μ˜¨μ „νžˆ μˆœν™˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
That's the first thing.
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그게 첫 λ²ˆμ§Έκ³ μš”.
00:34
The second thing is that due to the unique sensory abilities
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두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 이 동물이 가진 감각적 λŠ₯λ ₯의 νŠΉμ΄μ„± λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:38
of this mammal, if we study this mammal,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 동물을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
00:42
we're going to get great insight into our diseases
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 감각 κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μž₯μ• , 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄
00:46
of the senses, such as blindness and deafness.
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μ‹€λͺ…μ΄λ‚˜ 청각 μž₯μ•  등에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 톡찰λ ₯을 얻을 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
And the third really intriguing aspect of this mammal
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그리고 μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ 이 동물에 λŒ€ν•΄ 맀우 ν₯미둜운 점은
00:55
is that I fully believe that the secret of everlasting youth
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λ°”λ‘œ μ˜μ›ν•œ μ ŠμŒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 비밀이
01:00
lies deep within its DNA.
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이 λ™λ¬Όμ˜ DNA κΉŠμˆ™ν•œ 곳에 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
So are you all thinking?
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자, λ‹€λ“€ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  κ³„μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
01:07
So,
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κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ,
01:09
magnificent creature, isn't it?
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 동물이죠, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
01:12
Who here thought of a bat?
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μ—¬κΈ° λˆ„κ°€ λ°•μ₯λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:16
Ah, I can see half the audience agrees with me,
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μ•„, 반 μ •λ„μ˜ 청쀑듀이 저와 같은 μƒκ°μ΄μ‹œκ΅°μš”.
01:18
and I have a lot of work to do to convince the rest of you.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λΆ„λ“€κ»˜λ„ 확신을 λ“œλ¦¬λ €λ©΄ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ ν•΄μ•Όκ² λŠ”λ°μš”.
01:22
So I have had the good fortune for the past 20 years
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μ €λŠ” 20λ…„κ°„ 이 μ‹ λΉ„ν•˜κ³  μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ ν¬μœ λ™λ¬Όμ— λŒ€ν•΄
01:26
to study these fascinating and beautiful mammals.
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쑰사할 수 μžˆλŠ” ν–‰μš΄μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
One fifth of all living mammals is a bat,
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μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” ν¬μœ λ™λ¬Ό 쀑 5λΆ„μ˜ 1이 λ°•μ₯μ΄κ³ ,
01:34
and they have very unique attributes.
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이듀은 맀우 νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 속성듀을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
Bats as we know them have been around on this planet
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” λ°•μ₯λŠ” 지ꡬ에
01:39
for about 64 million years.
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μ•½ 6400만 λ…„ μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
One of the most unique things that bats do
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포유λ₯˜λ‘œμ¨ λ°•μ₯κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 행동은
01:47
as a mammal is that they fly.
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λ°”λ‘œ 그듀이 λ‚œλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
Now flight is an inherently difficult thing.
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자, 비행은 μ„ μ²œμ μœΌλ‘œ νž˜λ“  μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
Flight within vertebrates has only evolved three times:
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무척좔 λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 비행은 λ”± 3번 μ§„ν™”ν–ˆμ–΄μš”;
01:57
once in the bats, once in the birds,
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λ°•μ₯μ—μ„œ ν•œ 번, μƒˆμ—μ„œ ν•œ 번,
02:00
and once in the pterodactyls.
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그리고 μ΅λ£‘μ—μ„œ ν•œ 번.
02:02
And so with flight, it's very metabolically costly.
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또, 비행은 μ‹ μ§„λŒ€μ‚¬λ©΄μ—μ„œ κ·Έ λŒ€κ°€κ°€ ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Bats have learned and evolved how to deal with this.
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λ°•μ₯λ“€μ€ 이 점에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 배우며 μ§„ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
But one other extremely unique thing about bats
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ°•μ₯μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 맀우 ν₯미둜운 λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ 것은
02:15
is that they are able to use sound
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λ°”λ‘œ 그듀이 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ£Όλ³€ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μΈμ‹ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
to perceive their environment. They use echolocation.
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그듀은 반ν–₯ μœ„μΉ˜ 츑정법을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
Now, what I mean by echolocation --
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자 그럼, 반ν–₯ μœ„μΉ˜ μΈ‘μ •λ²•μ΄λž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”? μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° μ„€λͺ…ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
02:24
they emit a sound from their larynx out through their mouth
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λ°•μ₯λ“€μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ν›„λ‘μ—μ„œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ°œμƒμ‹œμΌœ
02:28
or through their nose. This sound wave comes out
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μž…μ΄λ‚˜ μ½”λ‘œ λ‚΄λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μŒνŒŒλŠ” λ‚˜μ™€μ„œ λ°˜μ‚¬λ˜κ³ 
02:32
and it reflects and echoes back off objects in their environment,
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각자의 주변에 μžˆλŠ” 물체에 λΆ€λ”ͺν˜€ λ°˜μ‚¬λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
and the bats then hear these echoes
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그러면 λ°•μ₯λŠ” κ·Έ 메아리λ₯Ό λ“£κ³ 
02:38
and they turn this information into an acoustic image.
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이 정보λ₯Ό 음ν–₯적 μ΄λ―Έμ§€λ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ§€μš”.
02:42
And this enables them to orient in complete darkness.
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그리고 이것은 μ™„μ „ν•œ μ–΄λ‘  μ†μ—μ„œλ„ 그듀이 μžμ‹ μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
Indeed, they do look very strange. We're humans.
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λ°•μ₯λŠ” 맀우 μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 우린 μΈκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
We're a visual species. When scientists first realized
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우린 μ‹œκ°μ  λ™λ¬Όμ΄κ³ μš”. κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 처음으둜
02:53
that bats were actually using sound to be able to fly
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λ°•μ₯λ“€μ΄ 사싀 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 밀에 λ‚ κ³ 
02:57
and orient and move at night, we didn't believe it.
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μžμ‹ μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μ„ λ•Œ, 우린 믿지 μ•Šμ•˜μ§€μš”.
03:00
For a hundred years, despite evidence to show
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λ°±λ…„ κ°„, 이것이 λ°”λ‘œ λ°•μ₯λ“€μ΄ ν•˜λŠ” ν–‰λ™μ΄λΌλŠ”
03:03
that this is what they were doing, we didn't believe it.
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μ¦κ±°μžλ£Œμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 믿지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
Now, if you look at this bat, it looks a little bit alien.
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자, 이 λ°•μ₯λŠ” μ•½κ°„ 외계인같이 μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
Indeed, the very famous philosopher Thomas Nagel
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€, 맀우 유λͺ…ν•œ μ² ν•™μž ν† λ§ˆμŠ€ 넀이겔(Thomas Nagel)은
03:14
once said, "To truly experience an alien life form
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"μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ™Έκ³„μ˜ 삢을 μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λ €λ©΄,
03:17
on this planet, you should lock yourself inside a room
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당신은 μ™„μ „ν•œ μ–΄λ‘  μ†μ—μ„œ λ‚ μ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©° 음파λ₯Ό νƒμ§€ν•˜λŠ”
03:21
with a flying, echolocating bat in complete darkness."
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λ°•μ₯μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 있으면 λœλ‹€." 라고 ν•œ 적이 μžˆμ§€μš”.
03:25
And if you look at the actual physical characteristics
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ° 이 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ κ΄€λ°•μ₯μ˜ 얼꡴에 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜λŠ”
03:28
on the face of this beautiful horseshoe bat,
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물리적 νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄,
03:31
you see a lot of these characteristics are dedicated
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이런 νŠΉμ„±λ“€μ˜ λ§Žμ€ 뢀뢄이 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
03:34
to be able to make sound and perceive it.
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μΈμ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Very big ears, strange nose leaves, but teeny-tiny eyes.
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μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•˜κ²Œ 큰 κ·€, μ΄μƒν•œ 비엽이 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ λˆˆμ€ 맀우 μž‘μ£ .
03:42
So again, if you just look at this bat, you realize
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•΄μ„œ, λ°•μ₯μ˜ μƒκΉ€μƒˆλ₯Ό 보면 λ°•μ₯μ˜ 생쑴에
03:46
sound is very important for its survival.
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μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
Most bats look like the previous one.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λ°•μ₯λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 외계인 처럼 μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
However, there are a group that do not use echolocation.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 반ν–₯ μœ„μΉ˜ 츑정법을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ°•μ₯λ“€λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
They do not perceive their environment using sound,
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이 λ°•μ₯λ“€μ€ μ£Όλ³€ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ μΈμ§€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ°,
04:00
and these are the flying foxes.
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이듀은 큰박μ₯λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
If anybody has ever been lucky enough to be in Australia,
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ν˜Έμ£Όμ— μ‚΄ 만큼 운이 쒋은 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλ©΄,
04:05
you've seen them coming out of the Botanic Gardens in Sydney,
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이듀을 μ‹œλ“œλ‹ˆμ˜ μ‹λ¬Όμ›μ—μ„œ 보셨을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
and if you just look at their face, you can see
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μ΄λ“€μ˜ 얼꡴을 보면, 이듀이 훨씬 더 큰 눈과
04:12
they have much, much larger eyes and much smaller ears.
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훨씬 μž‘μ€ κ·€λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 있죠.
04:15
So among and within bats is a huge variation
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λ°•μ₯λ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 그듀이 음ν–₯적 지각을
04:19
in their ability to use sensory perception.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯에 큰 차이가 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
04:22
Now this is going to be important for what I'm going
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이건 μ œκ°€ 이 κ°•μ—°μ˜ λ’·λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ 말할 λ‚΄μš©μ—μ„œ
04:24
to tell you later during the talk.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
Now, if the idea of bats in your belfry terrifies you,
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자, 머리에 λ°•μ₯μ²˜λŸΌ μ‹œλŒλ²•μ ν•œ 생각을 λ‡Œμ— κ°–κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이 당신을 λ¬΄μ„­κ²Œ ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
and I know some people probably are feeling a little sick
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또, μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 맀우 μ»€λ‹€λž€ λ°•μ₯μ˜ 사진듀을 보면
04:33
looking at very large images of bats,
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μ’€ λ©”μŠ€κΊΌμ›Œν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것도 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
that's probably not that surprising,
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 이런 λ°˜μ‘μ€ 그리 λ†€λΌμš΄κ²Œ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
because here in Western culture,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ—¬κΈ° μ„œμ–‘ λ¬Έν™”μ—μ„œλŠ”
04:42
bats have been demonized.
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λ°•μ₯λ“€μ΄ μ•…λ§ˆ 취급을 λ°›μ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
Really, of course the famous book "Dracula,"
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μ†”μ§νžˆ, 뢁μͺ½ λ”λΈ”λ¦°μ˜ 브램 μŠ€ν† μ»€κ°€ μ“΄
04:46
written by a fellow Northside Dubliner Bram Stoker,
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유λͺ…ν•œ μ±… "λ“œλΌν˜λΌ"κ°€ μ•„λ§ˆλ„
04:49
probably is mainly responsible for this.
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κ·Έ μ±…μž„μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ 지고 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
However, I also think it's got to do with the fact
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ €λŠ” λ°•μ₯κ°€ μ•Όν–‰μ„±μ΄λΌλŠ” 사싀과
04:55
that bats come out at night, and we don't
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그듀을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점이
04:57
really understand them. We're a little frightened by things
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κ·Έ 이유일 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세상을
04:59
that can perceive the world slightly differently than us.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 것과 쑰금 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ μΈμ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것듀을 λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜μ§€μš”.
05:03
Bats are usually synonymous with some type of evil events.
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λ°•μ₯λŠ” 보톡 μ•…ν•œ 일과 λ™μΌμ‹œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
They are the perpetrators in horror movies,
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그듀은 곡포 μ˜ν™”μ—μ„œ κ°€ν•΄μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
such as this famous "Nightwing."
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이 유λͺ…ν•œ μ˜ν™” "λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈμœ™"μ—μ„œ μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
05:10
Also, if you think about it, demons
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또 생각해보면 μ•…λ§ˆλ“€μ€ 늘
05:13
always have bat wings, whereas birds, they typically --
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λ°•μ₯μ˜ λ‚ κ°œλ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
or angels have bird wings.
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— μ²œμ‚¬λ“€μ€ μƒˆμ˜ λ‚ κ°œλ₯Ό 달고 μžˆμ§€μš”.
05:20
Now, this is Western society, and what I hope to do tonight
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자, 이것은 μ„œμ–‘ μ‚¬νšŒμ΄κ³  μ €λŠ” 였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ
05:25
is to convince you of the Chinese traditional culture,
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쀑ꡭ 전톡 λ¬Έν™”μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ°•μ₯λ₯Ό
05:30
that they perceive bats as
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ν–‰μš΄μ„ λΆˆλŸ¬μ˜€λŠ”
05:33
creatures that bring good luck, and indeed, if you walk
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쑴재둜 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μ€‘κ΅­μΈμ˜ 집에 κ°€λ©΄
05:36
into a Chinese home, you may see an image such as this.
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이런 것과 같은 그림을 보싀 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
This is considered the Five Blessings.
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이것은 λ‹€μ„― 가지 볡으둜 λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
The Chinese word for "bat" sounds like the Chinese word
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"λ°•μ₯"λž€ 뜻의 쀑ꡭ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” "행볡"μ΄λž€ 쀑ꡭ어 단어와
05:45
for "happiness," and they believe that bats
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발음이 λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ³ , 그듀은 λ°•μ₯κ°€
05:48
bring wealth, health, longevity, virtue and serenity.
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λΆ€, 건강, μž₯수, 미덕과 ν‰μ˜¨μ„ κ°€μ Έμ˜¨λ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
And indeed, in this image, you have a picture of longevity
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이 κ·Έλ¦Όμ—μ„œλŠ” μž₯μˆ˜κ°€ λ‹€μ„― λ°•μ₯λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹ΈμΈ
05:56
surrounded by five bats.
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λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
And what I want to do tonight is to talk to you
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그리고 였늘 μ œκ°€ ν•˜κ³  싢은 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
06:02
and to show you that at least three of these blessings
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이 볡 쀑 적어도 3κ°œλŠ” λ°•μ₯μ— μ˜ν•΄ λŒ€ν‘œλ  수 있고
06:06
are definitely represented by a bat, and that if we study bats
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°•μ₯λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄ 이 볡듀에 더 κ°€κΉŒμ›Œμ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을
06:09
we will get nearer to getting each of these blessings.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
So, wealth -- how can a bat possibly bring us wealth?
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그러면 λ°•μ₯κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λΆ€λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¬ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:18
Now as I said before, bats are essential for our ecosystems
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자, μ•„κΉŒ μ œκ°€ λ§ν–ˆλ“―μ΄ λ°•μ₯λŠ” 우리의 μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€
06:22
to function correctly. And why is this?
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μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ν•„μˆ˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ΄κΉŒμš”?
06:25
Bats in the tropics are major pollinators of many plants.
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μ—΄λŒ€ μ§€λ°©μ˜ λ°•μ₯λ“€μ€ λ§Žμ€ μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 꽃가루 μš΄λ°˜μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
They also feed on fruit, and they disperse the seeds
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또 λ°•μ₯λ“€μ€ 과일을 λ¨Ήκ³  씨앗을 μš΄λ°˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
of these fruits. Bats are responsible for pollinating
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λ°•μ₯λ“€μ€ μš©μ„€λž€μ˜ 꽃가루λ₯Ό μš΄λ°˜ν•˜κ³ , 이것은
06:37
the tequila plant, and this is a multi-million dollar industry
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λ©•μ‹œμ½”μ—μ„œ 수백만 λ‹¬λŸ¬μ§œλ¦¬ ν…Œν‚¬λΌ μ‚¬μ—…μ˜ 일뢀가 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
in Mexico. So indeed, we need them
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 우리의 μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
06:43
for our ecosystems to function properly.
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λ°•μ₯λŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‘΄μž¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
Without them, it's going to be a problem.
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λ°•μ₯λ“€ μ—†μ΄λŠ” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μƒκΈ°κ² μ§€μš”.
06:48
But most bats are voracious insect predators.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λ°•μ₯λ“€μ€ μ—΄λ ¬ν•œ κ³€μΆ© ν¬μ‹μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
It's been estimated in the U.S., in a tiny colony
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μˆ˜κ°€ 적은 ν°κ°ˆμƒ‰λ°•μ₯ 집단은 1년에
06:57
of big brown bats, that they will feed
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1백만 λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 곀좩을 λ¨ΉλŠ”λ‹€κ³ 
06:59
on over a million insects a year,
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
and in the United States of America, right now
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그리고 ν˜„μž¬ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ λ°•μ₯λ“€μ€
07:05
bats are being threatened by a disease known as white-nose syndrome.
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λ°•μ₯ κ΄΄μ§ˆμ΄λΌλŠ” 병에 μ˜ν•΄ μœ„ν˜‘λ°›κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
It's working its way slowly across the U.S. and wiping out
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λ°•μ₯ κ΄΄μ§ˆμ€ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ 천천히 퍼지고 있고
07:12
populations of bats, and scientists have estimated
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λ°•μ₯μ˜ 개체수λ₯Ό 쀄이고 μžˆλŠ”λ°, κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€
07:16
that 1,300 metric tons of insects a year are now
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ν•΄λ§ˆλ‹€ 1300ν†€μ˜ 곀좩듀이 λ°•μ₯ 수의 κ°μ†Œλ‘œ 인해
07:21
remaining in the ecosystems due to the loss of bats.
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μƒνƒœκ³„μ— λ‚¨λŠ”λ‹€κ³  헀아리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
Bats are also threatened in the U.S.
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λ°•μ₯λ“€μ€ λ˜ν•œ 풍λ ₯ λ°œμ „μ†Œμ— μ˜ν•΄
07:27
by their attraction to wind farms. Again, right now
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μœ„ν˜‘λ°›κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄ μ§€κΈˆ
07:31
bats are looking at a little bit of a problem.
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λ°•μ₯λ“€μ€ λ¬Έμ œμ— μ²˜ν•΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
They're going to -- They are very threatened
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그듀은 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλ§Œ 해도
07:35
in the United States of America alone.
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큰 μœ„ν˜‘μ„ λ°›κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
Now how can this help us?
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이것이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 도움이 될 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:40
Well, it has been calculated that if we were to remove bats
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 κ· ν˜•μ—μ„œ λ°•μ₯λ“€μ„ μ—†μ• κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
07:43
from the equation, we're going to have to then use
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 μž‘λ¬Όμ„ λ¨Ήμ–΄μΉ˜μš°λŠ” 해좩듀을
07:46
insecticides to remove all those pest insects
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μ œκ±°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚΄μΆ©μ œλ“€
07:49
that feed on our agricultural crops.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
And for one year in the U.S. alone, it's estimated
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그러면 λ°•μ₯ 없이 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλ§Œ 1λ…„κ°„
07:56
that it's going to cost 22 billion U.S. dollars,
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220μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
if we remove bats. So indeed, bats then do bring us wealth.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ λ°•μ₯λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λΆ€λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έλ‹€μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
08:03
They maintain the health of our ecosystems,
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그듀은 우리 μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ 건강을 μœ μ§€μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
08:05
and also they save us money.
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우리의 λˆλ„ μ•„κ»΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
So again, that's the first blessing. Bats are important
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이것이 첫 번째 λ³΅μ΄μ§€μš”. λ°•μ₯λŠ” 우리의 μƒνƒœκ³„μ—
08:11
for our ecosystems.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
And what about the second? What about health?
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두 번째 λ³΅μ€μš”? 건강은 μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
08:17
Inside every cell in your body lies your genome.
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우리 λͺΈ μ•ˆμ— λͺ¨λ“  μ„Έν¬μ—λŠ” μœ μ „μžκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
Your genome is made up of your DNA,
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μœ μ „μžλŠ” 우리의 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ—¬
08:25
your DNA codes for proteins that enable you to function
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우리 λͺΈμ΄ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜κ³  ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 우리λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
08:28
and interact and be as you are.
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DNA μ•”ν˜Έλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
Now since the new advancements in modern molecular technologies,
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ν˜„λŒ€ λΆ„μž 기술의 λ°œμ „μ— μ˜ν•΄
08:35
it is now possible for us to sequence our own genome
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우리 μœ μ „μžμ˜ λ°°μ—΄ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό 훨씬 λ‹¨μΆ•λœ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό
08:39
in a very rapid time and at a very, very reduced cost.
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맀우, 맀우 적은 λΉ„μš©μœΌλ‘œλ„ 밝힐 수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
Now when we've been doing this, we've realized
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μœ μ „μž λ°°μ—΄ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
08:46
that there's variations within our genome.
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우리의 μœ μ „μž μ†μ—λŠ” λ³€ν˜•μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€ 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
So I want you to look at the person beside you.
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자, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μ˜†μ— μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:53
Just have a quick look. And what we need to realize
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빨리 ν•œ 번 ν›‘μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 DNA μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ”
08:55
is that every 300 base pairs in your DNA, you're a little bit different.
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300개의 μ—ΌκΈ°μŒλ“€μ΄ λ‹€ μ‘°κΈˆμ”© λ‹€λ₯΄λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
And one of the grand challenges right now
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그리고 ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ λΆ„μž μ˜ν•™μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 큰
09:02
in modern molecular medicine is to work out
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도전 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 이 차이듀이 우리λ₯Ό 각쒅 μ§ˆλ³‘μ—
09:05
whether this variation makes you more susceptible to diseases,
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더 μ·¨μ•½ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 이 차이듀은 κ·Έμ €
09:10
or does this variation just make you different?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ§Œλ“€ 뿐인지 μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:12
Again, what does it mean here? What does this variation
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이것은 무슨 λœ»μΌκΉŒμš”? 이 차이듀이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
09:15
actually mean? So if we are to capitalize on all of this
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μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”? μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹€μŒ λͺ‡ ν•΄ μ•ˆμ— κ°–κ²Œ 될 κΈ°μˆ μ„ 톡해
09:19
new molecular data and personalized genomic information
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λΆ„μž 정보와 κ°œμΈν™”λœ μœ μ „μž 정보λ₯Ό
09:23
that is coming online that we will be able to have
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μ €μž₯ν•  수 있게 λœλ‹€λ©΄,
09:25
in the next few years, we have to be able to differentiate
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ λ‘˜μ„ ꡬ뢄할 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
between the two. So how do we do this?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ κΉŒμš”?
09:31
Well, I believe we just look at nature's experiments.
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μ „ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μžμ—°μ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 보기만 ν•˜λ©΄ λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:35
So through natural selection, over time,
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자, 였랜 μ‹œκ°„μ˜ μžμ—°μ„ νƒμ„ 톡해
09:39
mutations, variations that disrupt the function of a protein
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λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ°©ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄μ™€ λ³€ν˜•λœ 쒅듀은
09:45
will not be tolerated over time.
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κ²°κ΅­ μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
Evolution acts as a sieve. It sieves out the bad variation.
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μ§„ν™”λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 체처럼 μž‘μš©ν•˜μ£ . λ‚˜μœ λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λ“€μ„ κ±ΈλŸ¬λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:51
And so therefore, if you look at the same region
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ μ§„ν™”λ‘ μ μœΌλ‘œ λ©€κ³ 
09:54
of a genome in many mammals that have been
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μƒνƒœν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ 포유λ₯˜μ˜ μœ μ „μžμ—μ„œ
09:57
evolutionarily distant from each other
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같은 뢀뢄을 보게 되면
10:00
and are also ecologically divergent, you will get a better
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κ·Έ 뢀뢄이 μœ μ „ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€
10:04
understanding of what the evolutionary prior of that site is,
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μ•Œ 수 있게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
i.e., if it is important for the mammal to function,
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즉, λ§Œμ•½ κ·Έ 뢀뢄이 κ·Έ 포유 동물이 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ
10:11
for its survival, it will be the same
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μž‘λ™ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έ 뢀뢄은
10:14
in all of those different lineages, species, taxa.
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λͺ¨λ“  ν˜ˆν†΅, μ’…, λΆ„λ₯˜κ΅°μ—κ²Œ 같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:18
So therefore, if we were to do this,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
10:22
what we'd need to do is sequence that region
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν¬μœ λ™λ¬Ό μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” κ·Έ λΆ€λΆ„μ˜
10:23
in all these different mammals and ascertain if it's the same
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μœ μ „μž λ°°μ—΄ μˆœμ„œλ₯Ό λ°ν˜€λ‚΄ κ·Έ 뢀뢄이
10:26
or if it's different. So if it is the same,
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같은지 λ‹€λ₯Έμ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
this indicates that that site is important for a function,
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λ§Œμ•½ κ°™λ‹€λ©΄, 그것은 κ·Έ 뢀뢄이 μ‹ μ²΄μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 뜻이고,
10:33
so a disease mutation should fall within that site.
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄λŠ” κ·Έ 뢀뢄에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜κ² μ§€μš”.
10:37
So in this case here, if all the mammals that we look at
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 이 경우, λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄λŠ”
10:41
have a yellow-type genome at that site,
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λͺ¨λ“  포유λ₯˜κ°€ λ…Έλž€-νƒ€μž… μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
10:44
it probably suggests that purple is bad.
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그건 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 보라색 μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 것은 ν•΄λ‘­λ‹€λŠ” 뜻일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
This could be even more powerful if you look at mammals
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이 사싀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•½κ°„ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” 포유λ₯˜λ₯Ό λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄
10:50
that are doing things slightly differently.
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더 κ°•λ ₯ν•΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:53
So say, for example, the region of the genome
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ œκ°€ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λ˜ μœ μ „μžμ˜ 뢀뢄은
10:55
that I was looking at was a region that's important for vision.
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μ‹œκ°μ— μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:59
If we look at that region in mammals that don't see so well,
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λ§Œμ•½ λ°•μ₯κ°™μ΄ 잘 보지 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 포유λ₯˜μ˜ κ·Έ 뢀뢄을
11:02
such as bats, and we find that bats that don't see so well
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μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ—¬ 잘 보지 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” λ°•μ₯κ°€ 보라색 νƒ€μž…μ˜
11:06
have the purple type, we know that this is probably
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μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€λ©΄, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆλ„ 그것이 μ§ˆλ³‘μ„
11:09
what's causing this disease.
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μœ λ°œν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
So in my lab, we've been using bats to look at two different
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자, 제 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 감각에 λŒ€ν•œ 두 가지 μ§ˆλ³‘μ„
11:17
types of diseases of the senses.
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μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ°•μ₯λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:20
We're looking at blindness. Now why would you do this?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 눈이 λ¨ΈλŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ§€μš”. μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ™œ 이것을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:23
Three hundred and fourteen million people are visually impaired, and
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3μ–΅ 1400만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‹œκ° μž₯μ• λ₯Ό μ•“κ³  있고
11:28
45 million of these are blind. So blindness is a big problem,
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κ·Έ 쀑 4500만 λͺ…은 μ‹œλ ₯을 μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹œλ ₯ 손싀은 큰 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
and a lot of these blind disorders come from inherited diseases,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ° μž₯μ• λŠ” μœ μ „μ μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
11:35
so we want to try and better understand
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μœ μ „μžμ˜ μ–΄λ–€ λ³€ν˜•μ΄ 이 μ§ˆλ³‘μ„
11:38
which mutations in the gene cause the disease.
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μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:41
Also we look at deafness. One in every 1,000
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ μ²­λ ₯ 손싀에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 1,000λͺ…μ˜ 신생아 쀑
11:45
newborn babies are deaf, and when we reach 80,
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ν•œ λͺ…은 κ·€κ°€ λ©€μ–΄μžˆκ³ , 80μ‚΄μ—λŠ”
11:49
over half of us will also have a hearing problem.
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우리의 반 이상이 청각 μž₯μ• λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
Again, there's many underlying genetic causes for this.
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여기에도 λ§Žμ€ μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ μœ μ „μž λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆκ² μ§€μš”.
11:56
So what we've been doing in my lab
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ
11:59
is looking at these unique sensory specialists, the bats,
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감각 전문가듀인 λ°•μ₯λ“€μ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λ©°
12:02
and we have looked at genes that cause blindness
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ— μ‹œλ ₯을 μžƒκ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό,
12:04
when there's a defect in them,
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또 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ—
12:06
genes that cause deafness when there's a defect in them,
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μ²­λ ₯을 μžƒκ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” μœ μ „μžλ“€μ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ—¬
12:08
and now we can predict which sites are most likely to cause disease.
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μ–΄λ–€ 뢀뢄이 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ³‘λ“€μ„ μœ λ°œν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 κ°€μž₯ 높은지 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:13
So bats are also important for our health,
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이렇듯 λ°•μ₯λŠ” 우리의 μœ μ „μžλ“€μ˜
12:16
to enable us to better understand how our genome functions.
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κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 우리의 건강에 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:21
So this is where we are right now,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ—°κ΅¬ν•œ 것은 ν˜„μž¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
but what about the future?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 것은 μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
12:25
What about longevity?
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μž₯μˆ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ–΄λ””κΉŒμ§€ κ°”μ„κΉŒμš”?
12:27
This is where we're going to go, and as I said before,
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이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이제 λ‹€λ£° 주제이고, μ œκ°€ μ•„κΉŒ
12:31
I really believe that the secret of everlasting youth
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λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό μ €λŠ” μ˜μ›ν•œ 젊음의 비밀이
12:34
lies within the bat genome.
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λ°•μ₯ μœ μ „μžμ— μžˆλ‹€κ³  ꡳ게 λ―Ώκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
So why should we be interested in aging at all?
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ™œ λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ λ“œλŠ” 것에 관심을 κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
12:40
Well, really, this is a picture drawn from the 1500s
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이것은 1,500λ…„λŒ€μ— 그렀진 젊음의 μƒ˜(Fountain of Youth)의
12:42
of the Fountain of Youth. Aging is considered
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κ·Έλ¦Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ λ“ λ‹€λŠ” 것은 μƒλ¬Όν•™μ—μ„œ
12:46
one of the most familiar, yet the least well-understood,
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κ°€μž₯ μΉœμˆ™ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°€μž₯ 이해할 수 μ—†λŠ”
12:50
aspects of all of biology, and really,
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ν˜„μƒ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄κ³ , μ†”μ§νžˆ 말해 λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ μ‹œμž‘λΆ€ν„°
12:53
since the dawn of civilization, mankind has sought to avoid it.
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인간은 그것을 ν”Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:57
But we are going to have to understand it a bit better.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 더 잘 이해해야 ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:00
In Europe alone, by 2050, there is going to be
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 2050λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œλ§Œ 65μ„Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ 인ꡬ가
13:04
a 70 percent increase of individuals over 65,
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70% 이상 늘 것이고 80μ„Έ 이상 μΈκ΅¬λŠ”
13:07
and 170 percent increase in individuals over 80.
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170% 증가할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:11
As we age, we deteriorate, and this deterioration
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λŠ™μ–΄κ°ˆμˆ˜λ‘ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‘°κΈˆμ”© μ•…ν™”λ˜κ³ ,
13:14
causes problems for our society, so we have to address it.
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이것은 우리 μ‚¬νšŒμ— λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 되기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 우린 이것을 ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:19
So how could the secret of everlasting youth actually lie
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그러면 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ˜μ›ν•œ 젊음의 비밀이 λ°•μ₯μ˜ μœ μ „μžμ•ˆμ—
13:23
within the bat genome? Does anybody want to hazard
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μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? μ—¬κΈ° λˆ„κ°€ 이 λ°•μ₯κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜
13:26
a guess over how long this bat could live for?
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였래 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 맞좰보고 μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹  λΆ„ μžˆμœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”?
13:30
Who -- put up your hands -- who says two years?
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손 λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. 2년이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” λΆ„?
13:33
Nobody? One? How about 10 years?
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아무도 μ—†λ‚˜μš”? ν•œ λͺ…? 그러면 10λ…„μ€μš”?
13:37
Some? How about 30?
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쑰금 μžˆλ„€μš”? 그럼 30λ…„μ€μš”?
13:41
How about 40? Okay, it's a whole varied response.
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40λ…„μ€μš”? μ’‹μ•„μš”, 닡이 λ§Žμ΄λ“€ λ‹€λ₯΄κ΅°μš”.
13:45
This bat is myotis brandtii. It's the longest-living bat.
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이 λ°•μ₯λŠ” κΈ΄κΌ¬λ¦¬μˆ˜μ—Ό λ°•μ₯(Myotis Brandtii)μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°€μž₯ 였래 μ‚¬λŠ” λ°•μ₯μ§€μš”.
13:48
It lived for up to 42 years,
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42λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
and this bat's still alive in the wild today.
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이 λ°•μ₯λŠ” ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€λ„ 야생에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:53
But what would be so amazing about this?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이게 뭐가 그리 λ†€λžλƒκ³ μš”?
13:55
Well, typically, in mammals there is a relationship
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음, 보톡 포유λ₯˜μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λͺΈμ§‘μ˜ 크기와 λŒ€μ‚¬μœ¨,
14:00
between body size, metabolic rate,
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그리고 수λͺ…은 μ„œλ‘œ 관계가
14:03
and how long you can live for, and you can predict
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있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, λͺΈμ§‘μ˜ 크기λ₯Ό 보면 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜
14:05
how long a mammal can live for given its body size.
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μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμ„μ§€ μ§μž‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
So typically, small mammals live fast, die young.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 보톡 μž‘μ€ 동물듀은 λΉ λ₯Έ μ†λ„λ‘œ μ‚΄λ‹€κ°€ 일찍 μ£½μ£ .
14:12
Think of a mouse. But bats are very different.
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μ₯λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ λ°•μ₯λŠ” 맀우 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:15
As you can see here on this graph, in blue,
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이 κ·Έλž˜ν”„μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό νŒŒλž€μƒ‰μ€
14:17
these are all other mammals, but bats
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ™λ¬Όλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ°•μ₯λŠ”
14:20
can live up to nine times longer than expected
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맀우, μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 높은 λŒ€μ‚¬μœ¨μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
14:22
despite having a really, really high metabolic rate,
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μ˜ˆμƒμΉ˜μ˜ 9λ°°λ‚˜ 더 였래 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:25
and the question is, how can they do that?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그럴 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
14:28
There are 19 species of mammal that live longer
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포유λ₯˜μ—λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λͺΈμ§‘에 λΉ„ν•΄ μ˜ˆμƒλ³΄λ‹€
14:32
than expected, given their body size, than man,
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였래 μ‚¬λŠ” 19쒅이 μžˆλŠ”λ°, κ·Έ 쀑
14:34
and 18 of those are bats.
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18쒅이 λ°•μ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:37
So therefore, they must have something within their DNA
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ DNA μ•ˆμ—λŠ” 특히 λΉ„ν–‰μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ
14:42
that ables them to deal with the metabolic stresses,
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물질 λŒ€μ‚¬μ  슀트레슀λ₯Ό ν•΄μ†Œμ‹œμΌœ 쀄 μ–΄λ–€ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ
14:45
particularly of flight. They expend three times more energy
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무엇이 μžˆκ² μ§€μš”. 그듀은 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λͺΈμ§‘μ˜ 동물듀보닀
14:49
than a mammal of the same size,
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3λ°°λ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”λ°
14:50
but don't seem to suffer the consequences or the effects.
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그것 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— νž˜λ“€μ–΄ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:54
So right now, in my lab, we're combining
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μ§€κΈˆ μ €μ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ—μ„œλŠ”
14:57
state-of-the-art bat field biology, going out and catching
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였래 μ‚¬λŠ” λ°•μ₯λ“€μ„ μž‘μ•„
15:01
the long-lived bats, with the most up-to-date,
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μ΅œμ²¨λ‹¨μ˜ λ°•μ₯ 생λͺ…ν•™ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΅œμ‹ μ˜ ν˜„λŒ€ λΆ„μž κΈ°μˆ μ— μ ‘λͺ©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:04
modern molecular technology to understand better
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그듀이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λŠ™λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λŠ™μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 이유λ₯Ό
15:08
what it is that they do to stop aging as we do.
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더 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ΄μ§€μš”.
15:12
And hopefully in the next five years, I'll be giving you a TEDTalk on that.
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그리고 바라건데 5λ…„ μ•ˆμ— 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ TEDμ—μ„œ κ°•μ—°ν•  수 있기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:15
Aging is a big problem for humanity,
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μΈκ°„μ—κ²Œ λ…Έν™”λŠ” μ»€λ‹€λž€ 문제이고
15:19
and I believe that by studying bats, we can uncover
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μ €λŠ” λ°•μ₯λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°•μ₯λ“€μ΄
15:22
the molecular mechanisms that enable mammals
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그토둝 μž₯μˆ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ
15:25
to achieve extraordinary longevity. If we find out
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λΆ„μžν•™μ  원리λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ 것이라 λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:28
what they're doing, perhaps through gene therapy,
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μœ μ „μž μš”λ²•μ„ 톡해 κ·Έ 비결을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έλ‹€λ©΄
15:31
we can enable us to do the same thing.
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 될 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:34
Potentially, this means that we could halt aging or maybe even reverse it.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 이것이 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ…Έν™”λ₯Ό λŠ¦μΆ”κ±°λ‚˜ 심지어 되돌릴 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:39
Just imagine what that would be like.
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어떨지 μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
15:43
So really, I don't think we should be thinking of them
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μ†”μ§νžˆ μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°•μ₯λ₯Ό λ‚ μ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 밀의 μ•…λ§ˆλ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
15:46
as flying demons of the night, but more as our superheroes.
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우리의 μ˜μ›…μ΄λΌκ³  λ³΄λŠ” 게 μ˜³λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:51
And the reality is that bats can bring us so much benefit
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ 이용만 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ λ°•μ₯λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ
15:55
if we just look in the right place. They're good for our ecosystem,
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 이읡을 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 우리의 μƒνƒœκ³„μ— 이읡이 되고,
15:57
they allow us to understand how our genome functions,
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우리의 μœ μ „μžκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 이해할 수 있게 ν•˜κ³ ,
16:00
and they potentially hold the secret to everlasting youth.
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μ˜μ›ν•œ 젊음의 비밀을 쀄 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:03
So tonight, when you walk out of here and you look up
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 였늘밀, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ‚˜κ°€μ…”μ„œ
16:06
in the night skies, and you see this beautiful flying mammal,
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λ°€ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ 보셨을 λ•Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅κ²Œ λ‚ μ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 포유λ₯˜λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œκ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄
16:09
I want you to smile. Thank you. (Applause)
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μ›ƒμ–΄μ£Όμ‹œκΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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