Uri Alon: Why truly innovative science demands a leap into the unknown

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2014-06-12 ใƒป TED


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Uri Alon: Why truly innovative science demands a leap into the unknown

155,071 views ใƒป 2014-06-12

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
In the middle of my Ph.D.,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ
00:14
I was hopelessly stuck.
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๋Œ€์ฑ…์—†์ด, ๊ฝ‰ ๋ง‰ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Every research direction that I tried
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€
00:19
led to a dead end.
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๋ง‰๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
It seemed like my basic assumptions
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์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€
00:23
just stopped working.
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:25
I felt like a pilot flying through the mist,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ ์†์„ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์ข…์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
00:28
and I lost all sense of direction.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
I stopped shaving.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฉด๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
00:32
I couldn't get out of bed in the morning.
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์•„์นจ์— ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
I felt unworthy
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์ด
00:36
of stepping across the gates of the university,
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๊ฐ€์น˜์—†์–ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
because I wasn't like Einstein or Newton
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‰ดํ„ด,
00:42
or any other scientist whose results
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๋˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€
00:44
I had learned about, because in science,
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์ €์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์„œ์˜€์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ
00:45
we just learn about the results, not the process.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:49
And so obviously, I couldn't be a scientist.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ฃ .
00:53
But I had enough support
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
00:55
and I made it through
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:56
and discovered something new about nature.
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์ž์—ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
This is an amazing feeling of calmness,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ‰์ •์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
being the only person in the world
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ
01:03
who knows a new law of nature.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์š”.
01:05
And I started the second project in my Ph.D,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:08
and it happened again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
I got stuck and I made it through.
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๊ธธ์ด ๋ง‰ํ˜”๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ ๊ธธ์„ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
And I started thinking,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
01:13
maybe there's a pattern here.
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'์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ' ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
01:14
I asked the other graduate students, and they said,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
"Yeah, that's exactly what happened to us,
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"๋งž์•„. ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ง€.
01:18
except nobody told us about it."
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฑธ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ง€."
01:20
We'd all studied science as if it's a series
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ•ด๋‹ต๊ฐ„์˜
01:22
of logical steps between question and answer,
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณผ์ •์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:26
but doing research is nothing like that.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
01:29
At the same time, I was also studying
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ฆ‰ํฅ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”
01:31
to be an improvisation theater actor.
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๊ณต๋ถ€๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
So physics by day,
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๋‚ฎ์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:35
and by night, laughing, jumping, singing,
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๋ฐค์—๋Š” ์›ƒ๊ณ , ๋›ฐ์–ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:37
playing my guitar.
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๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Improvisation theater,
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์ฆ‰ํฅ๊ทน์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:39
just like science, goes into the unknown,
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๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
because you have to make a scene onstage
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๊ฐ๋…์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ณธ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
01:44
without a director, without a script,
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€
01:46
without having any idea what you'll portray
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์–ด๋–ค ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ์—†์ด
01:48
or what the other characters will do.
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๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„์—์„œ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:50
But unlike science,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
01:52
in improvisation theater, they tell you from day one
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์ฆ‰ํฅ๊ทน์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋Œ€์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:55
what's going to happen to you when you get onstage.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
You're going to fail miserably.
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๋น„์ฐธํ•œ ์ตœํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€,
02:00
You're going to get stuck.
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๋ง‰๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ์— ๊ฐ–ํž ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€์š”.
02:01
And we would practice staying creative
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น ์ ธ๋“  ๊ณณ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”
02:03
inside that stuck place.
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์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
For example, we had an exercise
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€
02:06
where we all stood in a circle,
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์› ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋น™ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์„œ์„œ
02:08
and each person had to do the world's worst tap dance,
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๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—‰ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์ธ ํƒญ๋Œ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:11
and everybody else applauded
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๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜ํ˜ธํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:12
and cheered you on,
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๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:13
supporting you onstage.
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๋ฌด๋Œ€์— ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:16
When I became a professor
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
02:18
and had to guide my own students
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ
02:19
through their research projects,
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ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
02:21
I realized again,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
I don't know what to do.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„์š”.
02:24
I'd studied thousands of hours of physics,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™, ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ
02:26
biology, chemistry,
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:28
but not one hour, not one concept
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๋‹จ ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„, ๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋„
02:30
on how to mentor, how to guide someone
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ , ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
02:33
to go together into the unknown,
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๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋“ค๋„๋ก,
02:35
about motivation.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋™๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ฃ .
02:37
So I turned to improvisation theater,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ฆ‰ํฅ๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค์„œ,
02:39
and I told my students from day one
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์ฒซ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ
02:41
what's going to happen when you start research,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์™€
02:44
and this has to do with our mental schema
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–จ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๊ด„๋„์‹๊ณผ
02:45
of what research will be like.
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๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:47
Because you see, whenever people do anything,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ• ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค,
02:50
for example if I want to touch this blackboard,
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์น ํŒ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:52
my brain first builds up a schema,
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๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ๊ด„๋„์‹์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์„œ,
02:54
a prediction of exactly what my muscles will do
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์ œ ๊ทผ์œก์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„
02:56
before I even start moving my hand,
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์ œ ์†์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:58
and if I get blocked,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด,
03:00
if my schema doesn't match reality,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฐœ๊ด„๋„์‹์ด ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด,
03:02
that causes extra stress called cognitive dissonance.
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์ธ์ง€์  ๋ถˆํ˜‘ํ™”์Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
That's why your schemas had better match reality.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐœ๊ด„๋„์‹์ด ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๋™์ผ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:07
But if you believe the way science is taught,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ ,
03:10
and if you believe textbooks, you're liable
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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:12
to have the following schema of research.
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ด„๋„์‹์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
If A is the question,
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A ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ 
03:22
and B is the answer,
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B๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹ต์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
03:25
then research is a direct path.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง๊ฒฐ๋„๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
The problem is that if an experiment doesn't work,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:33
or a student gets depressed,
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ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์•”์šธํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น ์ง€๋ฉด,
03:36
it's perceived as something utterly wrong
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
03:38
and causes tremendous stress.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
And that's why I teach my students
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:43
a more realistic schema.
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๋” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๊ด„๋„์‹์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ด์ฃ .
03:50
Here's an example
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฐœ๊ด„๋„์‹๊ณผ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
03:52
where things don't match your schema.
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์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:01
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:13
So I teach my students a different schema.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๊ด„๋„์‹์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
If A is the question,
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A ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ 
04:19
B is the answer,
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B ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹ต์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
04:25
stay creative in the cloud,
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์†์—์„œ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:26
and you start going,
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๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:28
and experiments don't work, experiments don't work,
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์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
04:31
experiments don't work, experiments don't work,
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์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค,
04:33
until you reach a place linked with negative emotions
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๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”.
04:36
where it seems like your basic assumptions
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๊ทธ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์ด
04:38
have stopped making sense,
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์ด์น˜์— ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
04:39
like somebody yanked the carpet beneath your feet.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋”›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์นดํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™ฑ ์žก์•„๋‹น๊ธด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
04:42
And I call this place the cloud.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์ ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
04:59
Now you can be lost in the cloud
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์ž, ๋„ˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์†์—์„œ
05:02
for a day, a week, a month, a year,
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๋ช‡ ๋‚ , ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ, 1๋…„,
05:04
a whole career,
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ํ˜น์€ ํ‰์ƒ ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
but sometimes, if you're lucky enough
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋„ค๊ฒŒ ์šด์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ 
05:08
and you have enough support,
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์ง€์›์ด ๋“ ๋“ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:10
you can see in the materials at hand,
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์ง์ ‘ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
05:12
or perhaps meditating on the shape of the cloud,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์œ„์—์„œ ๋ช…์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
05:15
a new answer,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ด๋‹ต์ธ C๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„,
05:19
C, and you decide to go for it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ต์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
05:22
And experiments don't work, experiments don't work,
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๋˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
05:25
but you get there,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
05:26
and then you tell everyone about it
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๋„Œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค,
05:28
by publishing a paper that reads A arrow C,
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A ์—์„œ C ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ.
05:31
which is a great way to communicate,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค,
05:33
but as long as you don't forget the path
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ƒ
05:35
that brought you there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์—๋Š”.
05:37
Now this cloud is an inherent part
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„,
05:39
of research, an inherent part of our craft,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
because the cloud stands guard at the boundary.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์— ์„œ์„œ ๋ณด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์„œ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:49
It stands guard at the boundary
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ณด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์„ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
between the known
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
05:57
and the unknown,
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๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์š”,
06:05
because in order to discover something truly new,
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด,
06:07
at least one of your basic assumptions has to change,
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:10
and that means that in science,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณง ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ
06:12
we do something quite heroic.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์˜์›…์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:14
Every day, we try to bring ourselves
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„
06:15
to the boundary between the known and the unknown
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์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™€์„œ
06:17
and face the cloud.
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๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
Now notice that I put B
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์ด์ œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ B๋ฅผ
06:21
in the land of the known,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
because we knew about it in the beginning,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”,
06:23
but C is always more interesting
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ C๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:27
and more important than B.
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B ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
So B is essential in order to get going,
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์ฆ‰, ์ง„์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ B๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
06:32
but C is much more profound,
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C ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:34
and that's the amazing thing about resesarch.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
Now just knowing that word, the cloud,
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์ž, ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด, "๊ตฌ๋ฆ„"์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:40
has been transformational in my research group,
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:43
because students come to me and say,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ์™€์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
06:45
"Uri, I'm in the cloud,"
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"๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”,"
06:46
and I say, "Great, you must be feeling miserable."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ , "๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ๋ฐ. ๋„Œ ๋น„์ฐธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•ด."
06:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:52
But I'm kind of happy,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:54
because we might be close to the boundary
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€
06:55
between the known and the unknown,
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๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ ,
06:57
and we stand a chance of discovering
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„
06:59
something truly new,
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:01
since the way our mind works,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด,
07:02
it's just knowing that the cloud
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด
07:05
is normal, it's essential,
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
07:10
and in fact beautiful,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์„œ,
07:11
we can join the Cloud Appreciation Society,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ"์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,
07:14
and it detoxifies the feeling that something
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
07:16
is deeply wrong with me.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์—†์• ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:19
And as a mentor, I know what to do,
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์กฐ์–ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
which is to step up my support for the student,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ์ง€์›์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
because research in psychology shows
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ž€
07:25
that if you're feeling fear and despair,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ์ ˆ๋ง์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
07:29
your mind narrows down
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:30
to very safe and conservative ways of thinking.
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๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ขํ˜€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:32
If you'd like to explore the risky paths
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
07:34
needed to get out of the cloud,
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ธธ์„ ํƒํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:35
you need other emotions --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
07:37
solidarity, support, hope โ€”
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์—ฐ๋Œ€, ์ง€์›์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฌ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.--
07:39
that come with your connection from somebody else,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜ค๊ณ ,
07:41
so like in improvisation theater,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ฆ‰ํฅ๊ทน์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
07:43
in science, it's best to walk into the unknown
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๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š”. ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์€
07:45
together.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
So knowing about the cloud,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ฉด,
07:49
you also learn from improvisation theater
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์ฆ‰ํฅ๊ทน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
07:53
a very effective way to have conversations
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:55
inside the cloud.
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07:57
It's based on the central principle
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ‰ํฅ๊ทน์— ์ค‘์‹ฌ์›๋ฆฌ์—
07:59
of improvisation theater,
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๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
08:01
so here improvisation theater
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฆ‰ํฅ๊ทน์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ
08:02
came to my help again.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
It's called saying "Yes, and"
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ธ ์ œ์•ˆ์—
08:05
to the offers made by other actors.
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"๋„ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
That means accepting the offers
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์ฆ‰, ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
08:19
and building on them, saying, "Yes, and."
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๊ทธ ์œ„์— "๋„ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์Œ“์•„๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
For example, if one actor says,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€
08:22
"Here is a pool of water,"
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"์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋„ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:24
and the other actor says,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€
08:25
"No, that's just a stage,"
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"์•„๋ƒ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์ง€."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:27
the improvisation is over.
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์ฆ‰ํฅ๊ทน์€ ๋๋‚œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
It's dead, and everybody feels frustrated.
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์ฆ‰ํฅ๊ทน์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์šด์ด ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
08:32
That's called blocking.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ '๋”ด์ง€๊ฑด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
If you're not mindful of communications,
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์†Œํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด,
08:35
scientific conversations can have a lot of blocking.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋”ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
Saying "Yes, and" sounds like this.
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"๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
08:40
"Here is a pool of water." "Yeah, let's jump in."
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"์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋„ค." "๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž."
08:43
"Look, there's a whale! Let's grab it by its tail.
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"๋ด, ์ €๊ธฐ ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„ค! ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„ ๋ณด์ž.
08:46
It's pulling us to the moon!"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ์–ด ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š”๊ฑธ!"
08:48
So saying "Yes, and" bypasses our inner critic.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
We all have an inner critic
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”
08:52
that kind of guards what we say,
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๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ๋น„ํŒ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
08:54
so people don't think that we're obscene
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:56
or crazy or unoriginal,
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๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:57
and science is full of the fear
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์€ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
08:58
of appearing unoriginal.
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์ „๋ฉด์ ์ธ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:00
Saying "Yes, and" bypasses the critic
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"๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€๊ณ 
09:02
and unlocks hidden voices of creativity
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜
09:04
you didn't even know that you had,
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์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ ,
09:06
and they often carry the answer
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์ข…์ข… ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„
09:08
about the cloud.
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๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
So you see, knowing about the cloud
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์™€
09:13
and about saying "Yes, and"
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"๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:14
made my lab very creative.
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์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:17
Students started playing off of each others' ideas,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ—€๊ณ ,
09:20
and we made surprising discoveries
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
09:22
in the interface between physics and biology.
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์—ฐ๋™์—์„œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
For example, we were stuck for a year
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜
09:28
trying to understand the intricate
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์—์„œ
09:29
biochemical networks inside our cells,
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1๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„์ „์ด ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
09:31
and we said, "We are deeply in the cloud,"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์† ๊นŠ์ด ๊ฐ–ํ˜€์žˆ๊ตฐ" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
09:34
and we had a playful conversation
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์žฅ๋‚œ ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๊ณ ,
09:36
where my student Shai Shen Orr said,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”์ค‘, ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ์ธ ์ƒค์ด ์„ผ ์˜ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
09:38
"Let's just draw this on a piece of paper, this network,"
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"์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ข…์ด ์œ„์— ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด์ฃ ."
09:41
and instead of saying,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”
09:42
"But we've done that so many times
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"์ด๊ฑธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
09:44
and it doesn't work,"
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์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋์ž–์•„."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
09:45
I said, "Yes, and
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"๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€,
09:48
let's use a very big piece of paper,"
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์ข…์ด์— ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
09:50
and then Ron Milo said,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๋ก  ๋ฐ€๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
09:51
"Let's use a gigantic architect's
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"๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ฒญ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜
09:53
blueprint kind of paper, and I know where to print it,"
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์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ฃ . ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ ์ธ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์•Œ์•„์š”."
09:55
and we printed out the network and looked at it,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‡„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
and that's where we made our most important discovery,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
that this complicated network is just made
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€
10:02
of a handful of simple, repeating interaction patterns
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์Šคํƒœ์ธ๋“œ ๊ทธ๋ผ์Šค ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ฌธ์–‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์  ํŒจํ„ด
10:06
like motifs in a stained glass window.
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๋ช‡๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
We call them network motifs,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ฌธ์–‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
and they're the elementary circuits
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์ด ๋ฌธ์–‘์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€
10:13
that help us understand
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
10:15
the logic of the way cells make decisions
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”
10:17
in all organisms, including our body.
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๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
Soon enough, after this,
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์ด ๋‹ค์Œ์—, ๋จผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„
10:22
I started being invited to give talks
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์ €๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:24
to thousands of scientists across the world,
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
but the knowledge about the cloud
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€
10:29
and saying "Yes, and"
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"๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:30
just stayed within my own lab,
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์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
10:32
because you see, in science, we don't talk about the process,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •, ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„
10:34
anything subjective or emotional.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:36
We talk about the results.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
So there was no way to talk about it in conferences.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํšŒ์˜์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
10:40
That was unthinkable.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:42
And I saw scientists in other groups get stuck
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
10:44
without even having a word to describe
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๋‹จ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„
10:46
what they're seeing,
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์ง„์ „์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
and their ways of thinking
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
10:49
narrowed down to very safe paths,
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๋งค์šฐ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ธธ์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜๊ณ 
10:50
their science didn't reach its full potential,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:52
and they were miserable.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„์ฐธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:53
I thought, that's the way it is.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
10:55
I'll try to make my lab as creative as possible,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
and if everybody else does the same,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋˜‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:59
science will eventually become
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:01
more and more better and better.
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์ ์  ๋” ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ข‹์•„์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
That way of thinking got turned on its head
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
11:06
when by chance I went to hear Evelyn Fox Keller
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์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ ํญ์Šค ์ผˆ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€
11:09
give a talk about her experiences
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๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
11:10
as a woman in science.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:12
And she asked,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
11:14
"Why is it that we don't talk about the subjective
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"๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™œ
11:16
and emotional aspects of doing science?
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๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:18
It's not by chance. It's a matter of values."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
11:22
You see, science seeks knowledge
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ณผํ•™์€
11:24
that's objective and rational.
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๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
That's the beautiful thing about science.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ์ด์œ ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:28
But we also have a cultural myth
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
11:30
that the doing of science,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์‹์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”
11:31
what we do every day to get that knowledge,
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๊ณผํ•™์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
11:33
is also only objective and rational,
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๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ์‹ ๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ,
11:36
like Mr. Spock.
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์Šคํญ์”จ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
11:38
And when you label something
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ 
11:40
as objective and rational,
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ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ถ™์ผ๋•Œ,
11:42
automatically, the other side,
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์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์€
11:43
the subjective and emotional,
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์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ,
11:45
become labeled as non-science
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๋น„๊ณผํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ณผํ•™์ ,
11:47
or anti-science or threatening to science,
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ณผํ•™์— ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ,
11:49
and we just don't talk about it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
And when I heard that,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์—
11:53
that science has a culture,
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๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
11:55
everything clicked into place for me,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ดํ•ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:56
because if science has a culture,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:58
culture can be changed,
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๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:59
and I can be a change agent
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ด‰๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
12:01
working to change the culture of science wherever I could.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ, ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:03
And so the very next lecture I gave in a conference,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ํšŒ์˜์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:07
I talked about my science,
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์ €๋Š” ์ €์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
12:08
and then I talked about the importance
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
12:10
of the subjective and emotional aspects of doing science
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์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
12:12
and how we should talk about them,
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๋…ผํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:13
and I looked at the audience,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค์„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ,
12:14
and they were cold.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ƒ‰๋‹ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
They couldn't hear what I was saying
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŒŒ์›Œํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์˜
12:20
in the context of a 10 back-to-back
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์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ 10์žฅ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์˜ ํ•œ๋„์—์„œ
12:21
PowerPoint presentation conference.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
And I tried again and again, conference after conference,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ ํšŒ์˜๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:25
but I wasn't getting through.
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์ €๋Š ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ด์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
I was in the cloud.
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๊ทธ๋ฆ„ ์†์— ๊ฐ‡ํžŒ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
12:31
And eventually I managed to get out the cloud
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ ,
12:34
using improvisation and music.
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์ฆ‰ํฅ๊ทน๊ณผ ์Œ์•…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:37
Since then, every conference I go to,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ ํšŒ์˜ ๋งˆ๋‹ค
12:40
I give a science talk and a second, special talk
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์— ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ
12:43
called "Love and fear in the lab,"
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"์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์•ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๋‘๋ ค์›€"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน๊ฐ•์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
12:45
and I start it off by doing a song
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
12:47
about scientists' greatest fear,
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๋…ธ๋ž˜๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
which is that we work hard,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
12:52
we discover something new,
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
12:55
and somebody else publishes it before we do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ด์ „์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:58
We call it being scooped,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์›” ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:01
and being scooped feels horrible.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ณตํฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
It makes us afraid to talk to each other,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์—ฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‘๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
13:06
which is no fun,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜๋น ์š”,
13:07
because we came to science to share our ideas
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:10
and to learn from each other,
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์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:11
and so I do a blues song,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ฃจ์Šค (์Œ์•… ์žฅ๋ฅด) ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
which โ€” (Applause) โ€”
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๊ทธ๊ฑด -- (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)--
13:22
called "Scooped Again,"
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"๋˜ ์ถ”์›”๋‹นํ–ˆ๋„ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
and I ask the audience to be my backup singers,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ฝ”๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:28
and I tell them, "Your text is 'Scoop, Scoop.'"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ , "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์Šค์ฟฑ, ์Šค์ฟฑ!"
13:32
It sounds like this: "Scoop, scoop!"
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์Šค์ฟฑ, ์Šค์ฟฑ"
13:35
Sounds like this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
13:36
โ™ช I've been scooped again โ™ช
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โ™ช ๋‚œ ๋˜ ์ถ”์›”๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋„ค โ™ช
13:38
โ™ช Scoop! Scoop! โ™ช
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โ™ช ์Šค์ฟฑ!, ์Šค์ฟฑ! โ™ช
13:39
And then we go for it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
โ™ช I've been scooped again โ™ช
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โ™ช ๋‚œ ๋˜ ์ถ”์›”๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋„ค โ™ช
13:43
โ™ช Scoop! Scoop! โ™ช
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โ™ช ์Šค์ฟฑ!, ์Šค์ฟฑ! โ™ช
13:44
โ™ช I've been scooped again โ™ช
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โ™ช ๋‚œ ๋˜ ์ถ”์›”๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋„ค โ™ช
13:46
โ™ช Scoop! Scoop! โ™ช
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โ™ช ์Šค์ฟฑ!, ์Šค์ฟฑ! โ™ช
13:47
โ™ช I've been scooped again โ™ช
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โ™ช ๋‚œ ๋˜ ์ถ”์›”๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋„ค โ™ช
13:49
โ™ช Scoop! Scoop! โ™ช
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โ™ช ์Šค์ฟฑ!, ์Šค์ฟฑ! โ™ช
13:51
โ™ช I've been scooped again โ™ช
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โ™ช ๋‚œ ๋˜ ์ถ”์›”๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋„ค โ™ช
13:52
โ™ช Scoop! Scoop! โ™ช
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โ™ช ์Šค์ฟฑ!, ์Šค์ฟฑ! โ™ช
13:54
โ™ช Oh mama, can't you feel my pain โ™ช
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โ™ช ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ์ œ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š” โ™ช
13:57
โ™ช Heavens help me, I've been scooped again โ™ช
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โ™ช ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด์—ฌ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์ถ”์›”๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ™ช
14:02
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:09
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
Thank you for your backup singing.
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๋ฐฑ์—… ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
So everybody starts laughing, starts breathing,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์›ƒ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:14
notices that there's other scientists around them
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์ฃผ์œ„์— ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š”
14:16
with shared issues,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ ,
14:17
and we start talking about the emotional
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณค ํ•˜๋Š”
14:19
and subjective things that go on in research.
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๊ฐ์ •์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
It feels like a huge taboo has been lifted.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๋œ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
14:23
Finally, we can talk about this in a scientific conference.
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณผํ•™ ํ•™์ˆ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
And scientists have gone on to form peer groups
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด์„œ
14:28
where they meet regularly
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ
14:30
and create a space to talk about the emotional
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
14:31
and subjective things that happen as they're mentoring,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ,
14:34
as they're going into the unknown,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ,
14:35
and even started courses
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๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
14:37
about the process of doing science,
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ํ•™๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:38
about going into the unknown together,
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๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋“ค๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜
14:40
and many other things.
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด์ง€์š”.
14:42
So my vision is that,
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์ €์˜ ๋น„์ ผ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
just like every scientist knows the word "atom,"
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด "์›์ž"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด,
14:46
that matter is made out of atoms,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์›์ž๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ,
14:48
every scientist would know the words
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด "๊ตฌ๋ฆ„"์ด๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€
14:50
like "the cloud," saying "Yes, and,"
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"๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
14:52
and science will become much more creative,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ณผํ•™์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
14:55
make many, many more unexpected discoveries
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„
14:58
for the benefit of us all,
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์ด๋ฃฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
and would also be much more playful.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋˜ํ•œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
15:03
And what I might ask you to remember from this talk
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์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
15:06
is that next time you face
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๋‹ค์Œ์—,
15:08
a problem you can't solve
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
15:10
in work or in life,
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์ผ์—์„œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ๋“ ์ง€,
15:13
there's a word for what you're going to see:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ :
15:15
the cloud.
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"๊ตฌ๋ฆ„"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
And you can go through the cloud
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์†์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:17
not alone but together
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ํ˜ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
15:19
with someone who is your source of support
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์›์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ธ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
15:21
to say "Yes, and" to your ideas,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
15:23
to help you say "Yes, and" to your own ideas,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— "๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋„์™€์„œ
15:25
to increase the chance that,
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๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ํ•œ์ž๋ฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
15:27
through the wisps of the cloud,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ‰์ •์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋ 
15:29
you'll find that moment of calmness
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
15:30
where you get your first glimpse
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์˜
15:32
of your unexpected discovery,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฟ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:35
your C.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ต, C ์ด์ฃ .
15:38
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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