Toni Griffin: A new vision for rebuilding Detroit

52,760 views ใƒป 2013-12-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sungho Yoo ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hwi Soo Kim
00:12
By 2010, Detroit had become the poster child
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2010 ๋…„์—, ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๋Š”
00:15
for an American city in crisis.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
There was a housing collapse,
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๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํญ๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:19
an auto industry collapse,
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณ ,
00:21
and the population had plummeted by 25 percent
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2000๋…„๊ณผ 2010๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด
00:24
between 2000 and 2010,
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์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 25%๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:26
and many people were beginning to write it off,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:28
as it had topped the list of American shrinking cities.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋งํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
By 2010, I had also been asked by
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2010๋…„์ด ๋˜๋˜ ํ•ด์—
00:34
the Kresge Foundation and the city of Detroit
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์ €๋Š” ํฌ๋ž˜์Šคํ‚ค ์žฌ๋‹จ ๋ฐ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ์—์„œ
00:37
to join them in leading a citywide planning process
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
00:40
for the city to create a shared vision for its future.
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๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธฐํš์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
I come to this work
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์—์„œ
00:45
as an architect and an urban planner,
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์™€ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณ„ํš์ž๋กœ์จ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
and I've spent my career working in other contested cities,
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๊ทธ์ „์— ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์—์„œ๋„ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
like Chicago, my hometown;
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์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ธ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ,
00:51
Harlem, which is my current home;
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ• ๋ ˜,
00:53
Washington, D.C.; and Newark, New Jersey.
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด D.C.์™€ ๋‰ด์™€ํฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:56
All of these cities, to me, still had a number
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„  ์ •์˜์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค,
00:58
of unresolved issues related to urban justice,
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ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ, ๋ฐฐํƒ€์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜
01:01
issues of equity, inclusion and access.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Now by 2010, as well,
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2010๋…„์ด ๋˜์ž
01:08
popular design magazines were also beginning
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์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋””์ž์ธ ์žก์ง€๋“ค๋„
01:10
to take a closer look at cities like Detroit,
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
01:12
and devoting whole issues to "fixing the city."
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ํ•œ ๋ถ€ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ "๋„์‹œ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ"์— ํ• ์• ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
I was asked by a good friend, Fred Bernstein,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ ๋ฒˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ
01:18
to do an interview for the October issue
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ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์žก์ง€์˜ 10 ์›”ํ˜ธ
01:20
of Architect magazine,
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10 ์›”ํ˜ธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
and he and I kind of had a good chuckle
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๊ทธ์™€ ์ €๋Š” "์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"๋ผ๋Š”
01:24
when we saw the magazine released with the title,
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์ œ๋ชฉ์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ์žก์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
01:27
"Can This Planner Save Detroit?"
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๋ฐฐ๊ผฝ์„ ์žก๊ณ  ์›ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:30
So I'm smiling with a little bit of embarrassment right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์”์Šฌํ•œ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
because obviously, it's completely absurd
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ํ•œ ๊ธฐํš์ž๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ
01:35
that a single person, let alone a planner,
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๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ
01:37
could save a city.
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์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ ,
01:39
But I'm also smiling because I thought it represented
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์ œ ์›ƒ์Œ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:41
a sense of hopefulness that our profession
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:44
could play a role in helping the city to think about
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ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
01:47
how it would recover from its severe crisis.
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ํฌ๋ง์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
So I'd like to spend a little bit of time this afternoon
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„, ์กฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋นŒ์–ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
01:53
and tell you a little bit about our process
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๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
01:55
for fixing the city, a little bit about Detroit,
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์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
and I want to do that through the voices of Detroiters.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ „ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
02:00
So we began our process in September of 2010.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ 2010๋…„ 9์›”์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
It's just after a special mayoral election,
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ํŠน๋ณ„ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์งํ›„์˜€์ฃ .
02:06
and word has gotten out that there is going to be
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
02:08
this citywide planning process,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜จ
02:10
which brings a lot of anxiety and fears
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๋ฒ”๋„์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
02:12
among Detroiters.
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์†Œ์‹์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ํผ์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
We had planned to hold a number of community meetings in rooms like this
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์ €ํฌ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด,
02:18
to introduce the planning process,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๊ณณ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:21
and people came out from all over the city,
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์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:23
including areas that were stable neighborhoods,
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๊ณต๋™ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ
02:26
as well as areas that were beginning to see
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์ง€์—ญ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„์‹œ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ
02:27
a lot of vacancy.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
And most of our audience was representative
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
02:31
of the 82 percent African-American population
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋˜
02:34
in the city at that time.
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์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 82%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋˜ ํ‘์ธ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
So obviously, we have a Q&A portion of our program,
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ชจ์ž„์—์„  ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์‘๋‹ต ์ƒ‰์…˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:40
and people line up to mics to ask questions.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ ์•ž์— ์ค„์„ ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Many of them step very firmly to the mic,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์„œ์„œ
02:45
put their hands across their chest, and go,
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์†์„ ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋’ค,
02:48
"I know you people are trying to move me out of my house, right?"
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ซ’์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ง€?" ๋ผ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:52
So that question is really powerful,
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:54
and it was certainly powerful to us in the moment,
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
02:57
when you connect it to the stories
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ
02:59
that some Detroiters had,
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์„œ๋ถ€ ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
03:01
and actually a lot of African-Americans'
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๋งŽ์€ ํ‘์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์˜
03:03
families have had
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์‹ค์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ
03:04
that are living in Midwestern cities like Detroit.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํŠนํžˆ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Many of them told us the stories about
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
03:10
how they came to own their home
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์ œ์ด์ฝฅ ๋กœ๋ Œ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด "๋Œ€์ด๋™" ์ด๋ž€ ์ œ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ๋Œ€๋กœ
03:12
through their grandparents or great-grandparents,
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์‹œ๊ณจ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…์ ์ธ ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ–ˆ๋˜
03:14
who were one of 1.6 million people who migrated
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160๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
03:17
from the rural South to the industrial North,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜
03:20
as depicted in this painting by Jacob Lawrence,
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์ง‘์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์—
03:22
"The Great Migration."
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
They came to Detroit for a better way of life.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์— ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Many found work in the automobile industry,
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ํ•™ํšŒ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์ „์‹œ๋œ ๋””์—๊ณ  ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ ๋ผ์˜ ๋ฒฝํ™”์—
03:29
the Ford Motor Company, as depicted in this mural
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๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋œ๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ฐ™์€
03:32
by Diego Rivera in the Detroit Institute of Art.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
The fruits of their labors would afford them a home,
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๋…ธ๋™์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์€์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:39
for many the first piece of property that they would ever know,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ธ
03:42
and a community with other first-time
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์ง‘์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
03:44
African-American home buyers.
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ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
The first couple of decades of their life in the North
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์ธ
03:48
is quite well, up until about 1950,
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180 ๋งŒ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
03:51
which coincides with the city's peak population
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๋ถ๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„์€
03:54
at 1.8 million people.
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๊ฝค ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Now it's at this time that Detroit begins to see
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์ด์ œ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ๋Š”
03:59
a second kind of migration,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
a migration to the suburbs.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ต์™ธ๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Between 1950 and 2000,
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1950๋…„๊ณผ 2000๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด
04:06
the region grows by 30 percent.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” 30ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ
04:09
But this time, the migration leaves
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์œ ์ถœ๋กœ
04:11
African-Americans in place,
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ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
as families and businesses flee the city,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜์ž
04:16
leaving the city pretty desolate of people
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ง์—…๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:18
as well as jobs.
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์ ธ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
During that same period, between 1950 and 2000, 2010,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, 1950๋…„๊ณผ 2000๋…„, 2010๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด
04:25
the city loses 60 percent of its population,
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์‹œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 60%๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
and today it hovers at above 700,000.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์น ์‹ญ๋งŒ ์ •๋„์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
The audience members who come and talk to us that night
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๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค์€
04:34
tell us the stories of what it's like to live in a city
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์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ์€ ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:37
with such depleted population.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Many tell us that they're one of only a few homes
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘์€ ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ ์ „์ฒด์—
04:42
on their block that are occupied,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ,
04:44
and that they can see several abandoned homes
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ํ˜„๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋œ ์ง‘๋“ค๋„
04:47
from where they sit on their porches.
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๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
Citywide, there are 80,000 vacant homes.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด์— 8๋งŒํ˜ธ์˜ ๋นˆ ์ง‘๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
They can also see vacant property.
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๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋•…๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
They're beginning to see illegal activities
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ• ํˆฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
04:58
on these properties, like illegal dumping,
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ํ–‰์œ„๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
and they know that because the city has lost so much population,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€
05:05
their costs for water, electricity, gas are rising,
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๋ฌผ, ์ „๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ ์  ๋†’์•„์ ธ๋งŒ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
05:10
because there are not enough people to pay property taxes
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์›๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”
05:13
to help support the services that they need.
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์ œ์‚ฐ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ๋งŒํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:16
Citywide, there are about 100,000 vacant parcels.
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๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€๋žต 10๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ๋นˆ ๋•…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Now, to quickly give you all a sense of a scale,
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ป˜์š”.
05:23
because I know that sounds like a big number,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฝค ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ.
05:24
but I don't think you quite understand until you look at the city map.
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์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
05:26
So the city is 139 square miles.
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์ž, ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ๋Š” 139ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋งˆ์ผ(360ํ‰๋ฐฉํ‚ฌ๋กœ)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
You can fit Boston, San Francisco,
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์ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด, ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”,
05:31
and the island of Manhattan
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„ ์„ฌ์„
05:33
within its footprint.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ผ์›Œ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
So if we take all of that vacant and abandoned property
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋œ ์†Œ์œ ์ง€๋“ค์„
05:37
and we smush it together,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉ์นœ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:39
it looks like about 20 square miles,
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๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์•ฝ 20 ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋งˆ์ผ(52ํ‰๋ฐฉํ‚ฌ๋กœ)์— ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
and that's roughly equivalent to the size
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๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ
05:43
of the island we're sitting on today, Manhattan,
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๋ชจ์ธ 22 ํ‰๋ฐฉ๋งˆ์ผ(57ํ‰๋ฐฉํ‚ฌ๋กœ)์˜
05:45
at 22 square miles.
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๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ด์ฃ .
05:46
So it's a lot of vacancy.
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๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Now some of our audience members
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์€
05:52
also tell us about some of the positive things
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”
05:54
that are happening in their communities,
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
05:56
and many of them are banding together
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ์ธ์—†๋Š” ๋•…์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
05:58
to take control of some of the vacant lots,
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๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
and they're starting community gardens,
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๊ณต๋™ ์ฑ…์ž„์˜์‹ ํ•จ์–‘์— ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
06:01
which are creating a great sense of community stewardship,
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์›๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
but they're very, very clear to tell us
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋ก  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ,
06:06
that this is not enough,
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์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜
06:08
that they want to see their neighborhoods
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ 
06:09
return to the way that their grandparents had found them.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
Now there's been a lot of speculation since 2010
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2010๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋•…๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
06:15
about what to do with the vacant property,
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์–ด๋–ค ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”์ธก์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
and a lot of that speculation has been around community gardening,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ถ”์ธก์€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์›๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ
06:21
or what we call urban agriculture.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋†์—…์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:23
So many people would say to us,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
06:24
"What if you just take all that vacant land and you could make it farmland?
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"์ € ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋•…๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋†์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ?
06:27
It can provide fresh foods,
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์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ์Œ์‹๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
06:29
and it can put Detroiters back to work too."
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด." ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
When I hear that story,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค,
06:33
I always imagine the folks from the Great Migration
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๋ถ๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ๋Œ€์ด๋™์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜€๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด๋ค์—์„œ
06:36
rolling over in their graves,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
because you can imagine that they didn't sacrifice
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:42
moving from the South to the North
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๋‚จ์—์„œ ๋ถ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
to create a better life for their families,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฆ์†์ž๋“ค์ด ๋†์—… ์ƒํ™œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:46
only to see their great-grandchildren return to an agrarian lifestyle,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜จ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
especially in a city where they came
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๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์€ ์ปค๋…•
06:52
with little less than a high school education
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
06:54
or even a grammar school education
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๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ์ฑ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜จ ์ด๋“ค์€
06:56
and were able to afford the basic elements
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์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นธ๋“œ๋ฆผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„
06:58
of the American dream:
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์ผ๊ถˆ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
07:00
steady work and a home that they owned.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง‘์ด์˜€์ฃ .
07:04
Now, there's a third wave of migration
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š”
07:06
happening in Detroit:
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.:
07:07
a new ascendant of cultural entrepreneurs.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌธํ™” ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
These folks see that same vacant land
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋•…๋“ค๊ณผ
07:13
and those same abandoned homes
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์ง‘๋“ค์„
07:14
as opportunity for new,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ
07:16
entrepreneurial ideas and profit,
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์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
so much so that former models
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์œ ํ–‰์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์ด
07:21
can move to Detroit,
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด
07:22
buy property, start successful
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๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:24
businesses and restaurants,
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์‹๋ฃŒ์—…์ฒด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
07:26
and become successful community activists in their neighborhood,
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
07:29
bringing about very positive change.
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๋„์‹œ ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Similarly, we have small manufacturing companies
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ์ž‘์€ ์ œ์กฐ ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:35
making conscious decisions to relocate to the city.
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์ด๊ณณ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—…์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
This company, Shinola, which is a luxury watch
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์ด ์‹œ๋†€๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ช…ํ’ˆ ์‹œ๊ณ„์™€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
07:41
and bicycle company,
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:43
deliberately chose to relocate to Detroit,
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
and they quote themselves by saying
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๊ทธ ์—…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์— ๋Œ๋ ค
07:47
they were drawn to the global brand of Detroit's innovation.
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์ด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
And they also knew that they can tap into a workforce
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์ œ์กฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ์ธ๋ ฅ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
07:54
that was still very skilled in how to make things.
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์ ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
07:57
Now we have community stewardship
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™ ์ฑ…์ž„์˜์‹์ด
08:00
happening in neighborhoods,
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๋„์‹œ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
we have cultural entrepreneurs making decisions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™” ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด
08:04
to move to the city and create enterprises,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค๊ณผ
08:07
and we have businesses relocating,
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€
08:09
and this is all in the context
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๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜
08:11
of what is no secret to us all,
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์ œ์–ด ์•„๋ž˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
08:13
a city that's under the control
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ฌํ•ด 6 ์›”์— ํŒŒ์‚ฐ์„ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ
08:15
of an emergency manager,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„
08:16
and just this July filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy.
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ,
08:21
So 2010, we started this process, and by 2013,
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2010๋…„์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด ๊ณ„ํš์ด 2013๋…„์— ์ด๋ฅด์ž,
08:24
we released Detroit Future City,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
which was our strategic plan to guide the city
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ณ , ๋” ๋ณ€์˜ํ•˜๋Š”,
08:29
into a better and more prosperous
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
08:31
and more sustainable existence --
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์ด๋Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ฝ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
not what it was, but what it could be,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
08:36
looking at new ways of economic growth,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ 
08:40
new forms of land use,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
08:42
more sustainable and denser neighborhoods,
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๋” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์„๋“ค์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ 
08:45
a reconfigured infrastructure and city service system,
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์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋ฐ ๋„์‹œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ,
08:48
and a heightened capacity for civic leaders
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๋˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ถˆ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
08:51
to take action and implement change.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ง€๋„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ์ง€์›์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Three key imperatives were really important
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์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค‘์ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์—
08:57
to our work.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
One was that the city itself wasn't necessarily too large,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
09:02
but the economy was too small.
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๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
There are only 27 jobs per 100 people in Detroit,
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๋Š” 100 ๋ช… ๋‹น 27๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:07
very different from a Denver or an Atlanta or a Philadelphia
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100๋ช…๋‹น 35๊ฐœ์—์„œ 70๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”
09:11
that are anywhere between 35 to 70 jobs per 100 people.
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๋ด๋ฒ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์• ํ‹€๋žœํƒ€๋‚˜ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์™€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€์š”.
09:15
Secondly, there had to be an acceptance
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋•…๋“ค์„
09:18
that we were not going to be able to use
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
09:20
all of this vacant land in the way that we had before
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฝค ์˜ค๋žœ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„
09:23
and maybe for some time to come.
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
It wasn't going to be our traditional residential neighborhoods
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
09:27
as we had before,
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋งˆ์„์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
and urban agriculture, while a very productive
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์‹œ์—์„œ ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์ธ
09:32
and successful intervention happening in Detroit,
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๋„์‹œ ๋†์—… ๋˜ํ•œ
09:34
was not the only answer,
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋‹ต์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:36
that what we had to do is look at these areas
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด์„œ
09:39
where we had significant vacancy
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์–ด๋””์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณต์„์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:41
but still had a significant number of population
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ , ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
09:44
of what could be new, productive, innovative,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ผ์‹ญ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์„
09:47
and entrepreneurial uses
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์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:48
that could stabilize those communities,
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1955
์„ ๊ตฌ์  ์ผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
09:50
where still nearly 300,000 residents lived.
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์ƒ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
So we came up with one neighborhood typology --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋™๋„ค ์‹œ๋ฒ”ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
there are several -- called a live-make neighborhood,
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด
09:59
where folks could reappropriate
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599970
1959
๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์ณ
10:01
abandoned structures
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์„ ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:03
and turn them into entrepreneurial enterprises,
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์ž๊ธ‰์ž์กฑ ๋™๋„ค๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
with a specific emphasis on looking at the, again,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”
10:09
majority 82 percent African-American population.
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82%์˜ ํ‘์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:12
So they, too, could take businesses
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2101
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„
10:14
that they maybe were doing out of their home
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๋” ๋ณ€์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ
10:16
and grow them to more prosperous industries
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๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:19
and actually acquire property so they were actually
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์‹ค์žฌ๋กœ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:22
property owners as well as business owners
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜
10:24
in the communities with which they resided.
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์‚ฌ์—…์ฃผ์ด์ž ํ† ์ง€์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
Then we also wanted to look at other ways
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋•…์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์Œ์‹์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ
10:29
of using land in addition to growing food
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๋•…์„ ๋” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
10:32
and transforming landscape into
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1824
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ
10:34
much more productive uses,
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
so that it could be used for storm water management, for example,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ํญํ’์šฐ ๋•Œ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
10:39
by using surface lakes and retention ponds,
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๋ฌผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:42
that created neighborhood amenities,
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์ธ๊ทผ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ,
10:44
places of recreation,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํœด์–‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
10:45
and actually helped to elevate
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์ธ๊ทผ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
10:47
adjacent property levels.
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์ •์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
Or we could use it as research plots,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ํ† ์–‘์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”
10:51
where we can use it to remediate contaminated soils,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‚˜
10:54
or we could use it to generate energy.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
So the descendants of the Great Migration
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์ฆ‰ ๋Œ€์ด๋™์˜ ์ž์†๋“ค์€
11:01
could either become precision watchmakers at Shinola,
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์ž‘๋…„ ์‹œ๋†€๋ผ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์œŒ๋ฆฌ H. ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:05
like Willie H., who was featured in one of their ads last year,
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์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:08
or they can actually grow a business
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์‹œ๋†€๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์›์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š”
11:10
that would service companies like Shinola.
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
The good news is, there is a future
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2002
์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:15
for the next generation of Detroiters,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ด์ฃผํ•  ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ํ›„์†๋“ค์—๊ฒ
11:18
both those there now and those that want to come.
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ํฌ๋ง์ฐฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
So no thank you, Mayor Menino,
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์ตœ๊ทผ "์ด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
11:23
who recently was quoted as saying,
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฉ”๋‹ˆ๋…ธ ์‹œ์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜
11:24
"I'd blow up the place and start over."
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์‚ฌ์–‘์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
There are very important people,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ,
11:29
business and land assets in Detroit,
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์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ, ํ† ์ง€ ์ž์‚ฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
and there are real opportunities there.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ์—” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
So while Detroit might not be what it was,
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:36
Detroit will not die.
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๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ฃฝ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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