Natalie Jeremijenko: Let's teach fish to text! and other outlandish ideas

28,666 views ใƒป 2010-10-14

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Soo Ah Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jiyong Huh
00:15
I was informed by this kind of
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์ €๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ
00:18
unoriginal and trite idea
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์ผ€์ผ€๋ฌต์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
that new technologies were an opportunity
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
00:22
for social transformation,
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๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
which is what drove me then,
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๊ทธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ €๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:26
and still, it's a delusion that drives me now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
I wanted to update what I've been doing since then --
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ €๋Š”, ์ญ‰ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:31
but it's still the same theme song --
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ณก์€ ๋ณ€ํ•จ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
and introduce you to my lab and current work,
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์™€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
which is the Environmental Health Clinic
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<ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰>์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
00:39
that I run at NYU.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ NYU์—์„œ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
And what it is -- it's a twist on health.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด -- ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Because, really, what I'm trying to do now
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:45
is redefine what counts as health.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š๋ƒ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:47
It's a clinic like a health clinic at any other university,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Š ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
00:50
except people come to the clinic
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์—
00:52
with environmental health concerns,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ€
00:54
and they walk out with prescriptions
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ „์„
00:56
for things they can do to improve environmental health,
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๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„ ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๊ณ ,
00:59
as opposed to coming to a clinic with medical concerns
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์— ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ€
01:02
and walking out with prescriptions for pharmaceuticals.
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์•ฝ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„ ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
It's a handy-dandy quote from Hippocrates of the Hippocratic oath
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ํžˆํฌํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค์˜ ์„ ์„œ์—์„œ ํžˆํฌํฌ๋ผํ…Œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ธ์šฉํ•œ ์• ๋งค๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ์–ด๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
that says, "The greater part of the soul lays outside the body,
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ด๋ ‡์ง€์š”, "์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์œก์ฒด์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:11
treatment of the inner requires treatment of the outer."
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๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์™ธ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค."
01:13
But that suggests the issue
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์ € ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธ์€,
01:15
that I'm trying to get at here,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”,
01:17
that we have an opportunity to redefine what is health.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ผ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
Because this idea that health is internal
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์‹ ์ฒด ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ ,
01:22
and atomized and individual
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๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ ,
01:25
and pharmaceutical
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์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
01:27
is largely an error.
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
And I would use this study,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”
01:31
a recent study by Philip Landrigan,
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ํ•„๋ฆฝ ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
01:33
to motivate a different view of health,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
where he went to most of the pediatricians in Manhattan
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ํ•„๋ฆฝ ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด์€ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„๊ณผ
01:38
and the New York area
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๋‰ด์š• ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ
01:40
and logged what they spent their patient hours on.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ™˜์ž ์ง„๋ฃŒ์— ์†Œ๋น„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ผ์ง€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
80 to 90 percent of their time
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ 80 - 90 %๊ฐ€
01:45
was spent on five things.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ์†Œ๋น„๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:47
Number one was asthma,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ์‹,
01:49
number two was developmental delays,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์žฅ์• ,
01:52
number three was 400-fold increases
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 8~10๋…„, 15๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—
01:54
in rare childhood cancers
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400๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ
01:56
in the last eight to 10, 15 years.
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ํฌ๊ท€ ์†Œ์•„์•” ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Number four and five were childhood obesity
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ
02:02
and diabetes-related issues.
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๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
So all of those -- what's common about all of those?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:08
The environment is implicated, radically implicated, right.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”, ์•„์ฃผ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
This is not the germs
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋œ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
02:13
that medicos were trained to deal with;
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์• ์จ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๋งŒํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ๊ท ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
this is a different definition of health,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:19
health that has a great advantage
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
because it's external, it's shared,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์‹ ์ฒด ์™ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
02:24
we can do something about it,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
as opposed to internal, genetically predetermined
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์‹ ์ฒด ๋‚ด์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์–ด์ฐŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:29
or individualized.
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:31
People who come to the clinic are called, not patients,
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์ €๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ™˜์ž(patients) ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
02:33
but impatients,
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์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(impatients) ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
because they're too impatient to wait for legislative change
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
02:38
to address local and environmental health issues.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฒ•์ , ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
And I meet them at the University, I also have a few field offices
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
that I set up in various places
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:46
that provide an immersion
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ์—
02:48
in some of the environmental challenges we face.
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๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
I like this one from the Belgian field office,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์›ํ˜• ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
where we met in a roundabout,
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๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ธ๋ฐ,
02:55
precisely because the roundabout iconified
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์ด ์›ํ˜• ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:57
the headless social movement
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"์ง€๋„์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
that informs much social transformation,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
03:02
as opposed to the top-down control
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์ด๊ฑด ์ƒ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ฌ์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ • ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ,
03:04
of red light traffic intersections.
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์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ฑ๋„, ๋นจ๊ฐ„๋ถˆ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
In this case, of course, the roundabout
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์›ํ˜• ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”
03:10
with that micro-decisions being made in situ
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์„ธ์„ธํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ,
03:12
by people not being told what to do.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹œ๋„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ด๋ค„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
But, of course, affords greater throughput,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์†Œํ†ต์€ ๋”์šฑ ์›ํ™œํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
03:17
fewer accidents,
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์–ด์„œ,
03:19
and an interesting model of social movement.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Some of the things that the monitoring protocols have developed:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๊ฑด, ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:24
this is the tadpole bureaucrat protocol,
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<์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ> ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
or keeping tabs, if you will.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ <๊ฐ์‹œ>๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ...
03:30
What they are is an addition of tadpoles
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋’ค์— ๋ง๋ถ™์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:32
that are named after a local bureaucrat
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”
03:34
whose decisions affect your water quality.
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์ง€์—ญ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์„œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
So an impatient concerned for water quality
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์„ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:40
would raise a tadpole bureaucrat
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์ž๊ธฐ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์—๋‹ค
03:43
in a sample of water in which they're interested.
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
And we give them a couple of things to do that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:48
to help them do companion animal devices
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์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
03:50
while they're blogging and doing their email.
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์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
03:52
This is a tadpole walker
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์ด๊ฑด ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด ์œ ๋ชจ์ฐจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
to take your tadpole walking in the evening.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋ฅผ ์ €๋…์— ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:57
And the interesting thing that happens --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ- ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
03:59
because we're using tadpoles, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:01
because they have the most exquisite biosenses that we have,
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด์—๊ฒ ์ผ๋‹จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
several orders of magnitude more sensitive
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž๋ฆฟ์ˆ˜๋งŒํผ,
04:06
than some of our senses
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๋ช‡ ๋ฐฐ ๋” ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•œ ๊ฐ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ,
04:08
for sensing,
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ฐ์—… ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„
04:11
responding in a biologically meaningful way,
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๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ์‹ฌ์žฅํ•œ
04:13
to that whole class of industrial contaminants
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๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
we call endocrine disruptors
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๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„๊ณ„ ๊ต๋ž€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๋˜๊ฐ€
04:17
or hormone emulators.
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
04:19
But by taking your tadpole out for a walk in the evening --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋…์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด -
04:22
there's a few action shots --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
04:24
your neighbors are likely to say, "What are you doing?"
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์ด์›ƒ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "๋ญ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”?"
04:27
And then you have to introduce your tadpole
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:30
and who it's named after.
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์™œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ธ์ง€๋„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
You have to explain what you're doing
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:34
and how the developmental events of a tadpole
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„,
04:36
are, of course, very observable
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
04:38
and they use the same T3-mediated hormones that we do.
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T3ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
And so next time your neighbor sees you
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์ด์›ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:46
they'll say, "How is that tadpole doing?"
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ , " ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋Š” ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
04:49
And you can let them social network with your tadpole,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์†Œ์…œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
because the Environmental Health Clinic has a social networking site
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์—๋Š” ์†Œ์…œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
for, not only impatients, humans,
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์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:58
but non-humans,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
05:00
social networking for humans and non-humans.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ์…œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
And of course, these endocrine disruptors
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„ ๊ต๋ž€๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
05:04
are things that are implicated in the breast cancer epidemic,
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์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ,
05:07
the obesity epidemic,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ”ํ•œ ๋น„๋งŒ,
05:09
the two and a half year drop in the average age of onset of puberty in young girls
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์†Œ๋…€๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 2๋…„ ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ๋„
05:12
and other related things.
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๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
The culmination of this is if you've successfully raised your tadpole,
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์˜ ์ •์ ์€, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‚ค์›Œ
05:17
observing the behavioral
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์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ
05:19
and developmental events,
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:21
you will then go and introduce your tadpole
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ
05:23
to its namesake
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜ฌ์ฑ™์ด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
05:25
and discuss the evidence that you've seen.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Another quick protocol -- and I'm going to go through these quickly,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์€ -- ์ „, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์งš๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
05:31
but just to give you the material sense of what we're doing here --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ์š”.
05:34
instead of asking you for urine samples,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
05:36
I'll ask you for a mouse sample.
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์ฅ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Anyone here lucky enough to share, to cohabit with a mouse --
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์ฅ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด ๋งŒํผ, ๋™๊ฑฐํ•  ๋งŒํผ ์šด ์ข‹์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„
05:41
a domestic partnership with mice?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
05:43
Very lucky.
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์•„์ฃผ ํ–‰์šด์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
Mice, of course, are the quintessential
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์ฅ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ
05:49
model organism.
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
They're even better models of environmental health,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋”๋”์šฑ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด์ฃ .
05:53
because not only the same mammalian biology,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
05:55
but they share your diet, largely.
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:57
They share your environmental stressors,
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๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์š”์ธ๋„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
06:00
the asbestos levels and lead levels,
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์„๋ฉด์ธต๊ณผ ๋‚ฉ์ธต, ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„
06:02
whatever you're exposed to.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€์š”.
06:04
And they're geographically more limited than you are,
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๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํ•œ์ •๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
06:06
because we don't know if you've been exposed
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ, ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ
06:08
to persistent organic pollutants
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์ง€์†์  ์œ ๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—
06:10
in your home, or occupationally
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๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€
06:12
or as a child.
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:14
Mice are a very good representation.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋™๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฅ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
So it starts by building a better mousetrap, of course.
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์ž, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฅ๋ซ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:19
This is one of them.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:21
Coping with environmental stressors is tricky.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋””์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:23
Is anybody here on antidepressants?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ ๋“œ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”?
06:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:28
There's a lot of people in Manhattan are.
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๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
And we were testing if the mice
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ
06:33
would also self-administer SSRIs.
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SSRIs(์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ)๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
So this was Prozac, this was Zoloft,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด Prozac ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด Zoloft ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
this was a black jellybean and this was muscle relaxant,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ธ”๋ž™ ์ ค๋ฆฌ๋นˆ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทผ์œก ์ด์™„์ œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
all of which were the medications that the impatient was taking.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
06:44
So do you think the mice
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ฅ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ๋ฅผ
06:46
self-administered antidepressants?
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ด์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
06:48
What's the -- (Audience: Sure. Yes.)
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด-- (์ฒญ์ค‘ : ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ . ๋„ค.)
06:51
How did you know that? They did.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•„์…จ์ง€์š”? ๋งž์•„์š”.
06:54
This was vodka and solution, gin and solution.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณด๋“œ์นด ์šฉ์•ก, ์ง„ ์šฉ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
This guy also liked plain water and the muscle relaxant.
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์ด ๋…€์„์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ทผ์œก ์ด์™„์ œ๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:59
Where's our expert?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋”” ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ ?
07:01
Vodka, gin --
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๋ณด๋“œ์นด, ์ง„--
07:03
(Audience: [unclear])
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์ฒญ์ค‘ : [๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋ช…์น˜ ์•Š์Œ]
07:05
Yes. Yes. You know your mice well.
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์˜ˆ, ๋งž์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
07:08
They did, yes.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
So they drank as much vodka as they did plain water,
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์ฅ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์…จ๋˜ ๋ฌผ ๋งŒํผ ๋ณด๋“œ์นด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ปท ๋“ค์ด์ผฐ์–ด์š”.
07:12
which was interesting.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
07:14
Then of course, it goes into the entrapment device.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ซ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:17
There's an old cellphone in there -- a good use for old cellphones --
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์ €๊ธฐ ๋‚ก์€ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--๋‚ก์€ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์šฉ๋„์ธ๋ด์š”--
07:19
which dials the clinic, we go and pick up the mouse.
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๊ทธ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์œผ๋กœ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์— ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
We take the blood sample
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๊ณ 
07:24
and do the blood work and hair work on the mice.
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์ฅ์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ํ„ธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
And I want to sort of point out the big advantage
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์™ธํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
07:28
of framing health in this external way.
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๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํ‹€์„ ์งœ๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ์ž‡์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
But we do have a few prescription products through this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:34
It's very different from the medical model.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
Anything you do to improve your water quality or air quality,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ˆ˜์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
07:40
or to understand it or to change it,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋“ ,
07:43
the benefits are enjoyed by anyone
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๊ทธ ํ˜œํƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์งˆ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ์งˆ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š”
07:45
you share that water quality or air quality with.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
And that aggregating effect,
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๊ทธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์  ํšจ๊ณผ
07:50
that collective action effect,
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๊ทธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ํ–‰๋™์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ
07:53
is actually something we can use to our advantage.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:56
So I want to show you one prescription product in the clinic
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์—์„œ <์ฃผ์ฐจ๊ธˆ์ง€>๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„
07:59
called the No Park.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
This is a prescription to improve water quality.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์งˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Many impatients are very concerned for water quality and air quality.
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์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
What we do is we take a fire hydrant,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€, ์†Œํ™”์ „์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ •ํ•ด์„œ์š”,
08:09
a "no parking" space associated with a fire hydrant,
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๊ทธ ์†Œํ™”์ „์— ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ "์ฃผ์ฐจ๊ธˆ์ง€" ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
08:12
and we prescribe the removal of the asphalt
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์•„์ŠคํŒ”ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฑท์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ 
08:15
to create an engineered micro landscape,
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์ž˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์†Œํ˜• ์กฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
to create an infiltration opportunity.
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๋ฌผ์ด ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:19
Because, many of you will know,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋“ฏ์ด
08:21
that the biggest pollution burden
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‰ด์š•๊ณผ ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ํ•ญ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋– ์•ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
08:23
that we have on the New York, New Jersey harbor right now
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ณตํ•ด ์š”์ธ์€
08:25
is no longer the point sources,
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
08:27
no longer the big polluters,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์˜ค์—ผ์›๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
08:29
no longer the GEs,
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GEs๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
but that massive network of roads,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋„๋กœ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
[those] impervious surfaces,
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๋ฌผ์ด ์นจํˆฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ฉด์€
08:35
that collect all that cadmium neurotoxin that comes from your brake liners
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๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ๋ผ์ด๋„ˆ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์นด๋“œ๋ฎด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋…์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ
08:38
or the oily hydrocarbon waste
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๊ธ‰๊ฐ€์† ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ์ฐŒ๊บผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
08:40
in every single storm event and medieval infrastructure
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ , ์ค‘์„ธ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ” ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์€
08:43
washes it straight into the estuary system.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณง์žฅ ๊ฐ• ํ•˜๊ตฌ๋กœ ์”ป์–ด๋‚ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
That doesn't do a lot of good.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
These are little opportunities to intercept those pollutants
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ง‰์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š”
08:50
before they enter the harbor,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
and they're produced by impatients
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์ด <์ฃผ์ฐจ๊ธˆ์ง€>๋Š” ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ ์—†๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:54
on various city blocks
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ์—์„œ
08:56
in some very interesting ways.
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๋งค์šฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
I just want to say it was sort of a rule of thumb though,
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๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋จน๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์‹์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
09:00
there's about two or three fire hydrants
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ธ”๋Ÿญ๋งˆ๋‹ค
09:03
on every city block.
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๋‘ ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œํ™”์ „์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:05
By creating engineered micro landscapes to infiltrate in them,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ž˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์†Œํ˜• ์กฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฌผ์ด ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
we don't prevent them from being used
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์ด ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์†Œํ™”์ „ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ƒ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:10
as emergency vehicle parking spaces,
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์ฃผ์ฐจ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
because, of course, a firetruck can come and park there.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
09:15
They flatten a few plants. No big deal, they'll regenerate.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐŸ์•„ ๋‚ฉ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธด ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ญ, ๋˜ ์ž๋ผ๋‚  ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
09:19
But if we did this
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๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œํ™”์ „๋“ค์„
09:21
in every single --
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋งˆ๋‹ค
09:24
every fire hydrant
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:26
we could redefine the emergency.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์ƒ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
That 99 percent of the time
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์†Œ๋ฐฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
09:31
when a firetruck is not parking there,
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99%์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์€
09:34
it's infiltrating pollutants.
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์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
It's also increasing fixing CO2s,
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๋˜ ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •, ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:39
sequestering some of the airborne pollutants.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
And aggregated,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ
09:44
these smaller interceptions
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์ฐจ๋‹จ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๋ฉด,
09:46
could actually infiltrate all the roadborne pollution
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ• ์–ด๊ท€๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”, ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„
09:49
that now runs into the estuary system,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ž๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
up to a seven inch rain event, up to a hundred-year storm.
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๋น„๊ฐ€ 7์ธ์น˜๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋”๋ผ๋„, ํญํ’์šฐ๊ฐ€ 100๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ชฐ์•„์น˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
09:54
So these are small actions
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์€ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
09:56
that can amount to a significant effect
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์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
09:58
to improve local environmental health.
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์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
This is one of the more ambitious ones.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข€ ๋” ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
What the climate crisis has revealed to us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š”
10:06
is a secondary, more insidious
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2์ฐจ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ
10:08
and more pervasive crisis,
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ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
which is the crisis of agency,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ด์ž
10:14
which is what to do.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
Somehow buying a local lettuce, changing a light bulb,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿญ์ €๋Ÿญ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ์ƒ์ถ”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ์•„๋ผ์šฐ๊ณ 
10:20
driving the speed limit, changing your tires regularly,
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์†๋„ ์ œํ•œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ์•„ ๋ผ์šฐ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
10:22
doesn't seem sufficient
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๊ธฐํ›„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”
10:24
in the face of climate crisis.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
And this is an interesting icon that happened --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•๋ฌผ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”--
10:29
you remember these: fallout shelters.
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์ด๊ฒƒ, ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑธ์š”. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋‚™์ง„ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
What is the fallout shelter
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋‚™์ง„ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๊ฐ€
10:34
for the climate crisis?
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:36
This was civic mobilization.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
Churches, school groups,
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๊ตํšŒ, ํ•™๊ต
10:40
hospitals, private residents --
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๋ณ‘์›, ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฃผํƒ
10:42
everyone built one of these in a matter of months.
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋žต ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง“์ง€์š”.
10:44
And they still remain
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€,
10:46
as icons of civic response
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๊ณต๋™์˜, ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ, ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์œ„ํ˜‘์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
10:49
in the face of shared, uncertain, collective threat.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
Fallout shelter for the climate crisis,
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๊ธฐํ›„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋Šฅ ๋‚™์ง„ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:53
I would say, looks something like this, or this,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ์š”,
10:56
which is an intensive urban agriculture facility
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง‘์•ฝ์  ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—… ์‹œ์„ค์ธ๋ฐ,
10:58
that's due to go on my lab building at NYU.
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NYU์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
What it does
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
11:03
is a very simple idea
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์ฑ„์ทจ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
11:05
of taking --
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
80 to 90 percent of the CO2 produced in Manhattan
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๋งจํ•˜ํƒ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” CO2์˜ 80 ~ 90% ๋Š”
11:10
is building related --
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๋นŒ๋”ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š” --
11:12
we take, just like a commercial greenhouse,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ์˜จ์‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:14
we take the CO2 from the building --
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๋นŒ๋”ฉ์—์„œ CO2๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
CO2-enriched air --
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CO2๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
11:18
we force it through the urban agriculture facility,
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๋„์‹œ๋†์—…์‹œ์„ค์— ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์ผœ
11:21
and then we resupply oxygen-enriched air.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
You can't actually build much on a roof, they're not designed for that.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ฅ์ƒ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:26
So it's on legs,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:28
so it focuses all the load on the masonry walls and the columns.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
11:31
It's built as a barn raising,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ ์•„๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋šซ๋ฆฐ ์ฒ ๋ฌผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
11:33
using open source hardware.
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์œ„๋กœ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ—›๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
This is the quarter-scale prototype
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋™์ค‘์ด๋˜
11:37
that was functioning in Spain.
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1/4 ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ˜• ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
This is what it will look like, fingers crossed,
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ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋นŒ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‰ด์š•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ๋˜
11:41
NYU willing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .
11:43
And what I want to show you is --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:45
actually this is one of the components of it that we've just recently been testing --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ•ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
11:48
which is a solar chimney --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ตด๋š์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
we have got 17 of them now put around New York at the moment --
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‰ด์š• ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— 17๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:52
that passively draws air up.
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์ˆ˜๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
You understand a solar chimney.
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ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ตด๋š, ์ดํ•ด ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:56
Hot air rises.
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๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒ์Šนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
You put a bit of black plastic on the side of a building,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ ํ•œ์ชฝ์— ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋†“์•„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
12:00
it'll heat up, and you'll get passive airflow.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์›Œ์งˆ ํ…Œ๊ณ , ๊ณง ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ธ ์ƒ์Šน๊ธฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
What we do is actually
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:05
put a standard HVAC filter on the top of that.
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๊ทธ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ํ‘œ์ค€ํ˜• HVACํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
That actually removes about 95 percent
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 95% ์ •๋„์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ
12:10
of the carbon black,
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
that stuff that, with ozone,
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ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋Š” ์˜ค์กด๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
12:14
is responsible for about half of global warming's effects,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
because it changes, it settles on the snow,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋Š”, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆˆ์— ์ž”๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:18
it changes the reflectors,
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๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ
12:20
it changes
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์›ํ™œํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ˆœํ™˜์—
12:22
the transmission qualities of the atmosphere.
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
Carbon black is that grime
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋Š”,
12:27
that otherwise lodges in your pretty pink lungs,
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์ž˜๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์–ด์—ฌ์œ ํ์— ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์„์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
and it's associated with.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
12:31
It's not good stuff, and it's from inefficient combustion,
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ ์—ฐ์†Œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”,
12:34
not from combustion itself.
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์—ฐ์†Œ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
When we put it through our solar chimney,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํƒœ์–‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ตด๋š์— ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
12:39
we remove actually about 95 percent of that.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 95%๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
And then I swap it out
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
12:45
with the students
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:47
and actually re-release that carbon black.
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๊ทธ ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
And we make pencils the length of which measures the grime
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐํ•„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ธธ์ด๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ธ
12:52
that we've pulled out of the air.
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๊ทธ์„์Œ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
Here's one of them that we have up now.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ž‘์—…ํ•ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
Here's who put them up and who are avid pencil users.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž‘์—…ํ•ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์—ฐํ•„์„ ์“ฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ด์‹ฌ์ธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
Okay, so I want to show you
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ
13:01
just two more interfaces,
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ ๋” ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
because I think one of our big challenges
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋„์ „์€
13:05
is re-imagining our relationship to natural systems,
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
13:08
not only through this model
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
of twisted personalized health,
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์™œ๊ณก๋œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜ํ™”๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
13:14
but through the animals
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”
13:16
with whom we cohabit.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
We are not alone; the animals are moving in.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ด์ฃผํ•ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
13:20
In fact, urban migration now describes
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด๋ž€
13:22
the movement of animals formerly known as wild
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์ „์— ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด
13:25
into urban centers.
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๋„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
You know, coyote in Central Park, a whale in the Gowanus Canal,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์„ผํŠธ๋Ÿด ํŒŒํฌ์˜ ์ฝ”์ด์š”ํ…Œ, ๊ณ ์™€๋ˆ„์Šค ์šดํ•˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋ž˜,
13:29
elk in Westchester County.
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์›จ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฏผ์Šคํ„ฐ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ์˜ ์—˜ํฌ์‚ฌ์Šด์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
13:31
It's happening all over the Developed World,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
probably for loss of habitat,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
13:35
but also because our cities are a little bit more livable
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ๊ณณ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๋”
13:37
than they have been.
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์‚ด๋งŒํ•ด์„œ ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
And every green space we create
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€
13:41
is an invitation for non-humans to cohabit with us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
But we've kind of lacked imagination
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ
13:45
in how we could do that well or interestingly.
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ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ์ข€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์ง€์š”.
13:48
And I want to show you a few of the technological interfaces
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜, ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
13:50
that have been developed under the moniker of OOZ --
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OOZ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์˜จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
which is zoo backwards and without cages --
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OOZ๋Š” ZOO๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
13:56
to try and reform
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋™๋ฌผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
13:58
that relationship.
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์—†์ง€์š”.
14:00
This is communication technology for birds. It looks like this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ง€์š”.
14:03
When a bird lands on it, they trigger a sound file.
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์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์•‰์œผ๋ฉด, ์†Œ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์ผ์ด ์ž‘๋™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
This is actually in the Whitney Museum, where there were six of them,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 6๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
each of which had a different argument on it,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ค„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํŒŒ์ผ์€
14:11
different sound file.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
They said things like this.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
(Whistling)
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(์ƒˆ์˜ ์ง€์ €๊ท ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
14:17
Recorded Voice: Here's what you need to do.
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๋…น์Œ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ: ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
Go down there and buy some of those health food bars,
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์ € ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ์ƒˆ ๋จน์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์‹์„
14:23
the ones you call bird food,
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์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™€์„œ
14:25
and bring it here and scatter it around.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
14:27
There's a good person.
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์ฐธ ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
14:30
Natalie Jeremijenko: Okay. (Laugher)
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๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ ์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์  ์ฝ”: ์˜ค์ผ€์ด.(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:33
So there was several of these.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
The birds were able to jump from one to the other.
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์ƒˆ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ €๊ธฐ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ๋›ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
These are just your average urban pigeon.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
And an early test
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹คํ—˜์€
14:42
which argument elicited cooperative behavior
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์ € ๋ฐ‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
14:44
from the people below --
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ํ˜‘์กฐ์  ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ
14:47
about a hundred to one
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์ด
14:49
decided that this was the argument
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค๋Š”
14:51
that worked best on us.
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
Recorded Voice: Tick, tick, tick.
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๋…น์Œ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ: ์งธ๊น, ์งธ๊น, ์งธ๊น
14:56
That's the sound of genetic mutations
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋…๊ฐ์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€
14:58
of the avian flu
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์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋…๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ
15:00
becoming a deadly human flu.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
Do you know what slows it down?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
15:04
Healthy sub-populations of birds,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
15:06
increasing biodiversity generally.
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์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ข… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
It is in your interests that I'm healthy,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ
15:12
happy, well-fed.
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์ž˜ ๋จน๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
15:14
Hence, you could share some of your nutritional resources
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์˜์–‘ ์ž์›์„ ๋…์ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
15:17
instead of monopolizing them.
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๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
That is, share your lunch.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
15:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:24
NJ: It worked, and it's true.
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๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ ์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ์  ์ฝ” : ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”, ์ •๋ง์š”.
15:27
The final project I'd like to show you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š”
15:29
is a new interface for fish
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜๋œ
15:31
that has just been launched --
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์ธ๋ฐ,
15:33
it's actually officially launched next week --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
15:35
with a wonderful commission from the Architectural League.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์—ฐ๋งน์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜๋ขฐ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ž„๋ฌด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
You may not have known that you need to communicate with fish,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์…จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
15:40
but there is now a device for you to do so.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:42
It looks like this: buoys that float on the water,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”: ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์œ„๋กœ 3ํ”ผํŠธ, ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ 3ํ”ผํŠธ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
15:45
project three foot up, three foot down.
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๋ฌผ ์œ„์— ๋–  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ‘œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
When a fish swims underneath, a light goes on.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์„œ ํ—ค์—„์น˜๋ฉด, ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผœ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
This is what it looks like.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์š”.
15:57
So there's another function on here.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
16:00
This top light is -- I'm sorry if I'm making you seasick --
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์ด ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆ ๋ง์ด์—์š”-- ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ฉ€๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
16:04
this top light is actually a water quality display
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์€ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
that shifts from red, when the dissolved oxygen is low,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉด ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผœ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
16:09
to a blue/green, when its dissolved oxygen is high.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ํŒŒ๋ž€๋ถˆ/์ดˆ๋ก๋ถˆ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
And then you can also text the fish.
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๋˜, ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
So there's business cards down there
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์ € ๋ฐ‘์— ๋ช…ํ•จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
that'll give you contact details.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
16:19
And they text back.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
When the buoys get your text, they wink at you twice to say, we've got your message.
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๋ถ€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด, ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œ์‹œ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๊นœ๋นก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
But perhaps the most popular has been
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
16:26
that we've got another array of these boys in the Bronx River,
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๋ธŒ๋กฑ์Šค ๊ฐ•์— ์ด ๋ถ€ํ‘œ ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ํ™•๋ณด ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
where the first beaver --
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์€ ๋น„๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•ด ์™€์„œ
16:30
crazy as he is --
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๋‰ด์š•์— ์˜ค๋‘๋ง‰์„ ์ง“๊ณ 
16:32
to have moved in and built a lodge in New York
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250๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋‹ค๋‹Œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
in 250 years, hangs out.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ •์‹  ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
16:37
So updates from a beaver.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋Š”. ๋น„๋ฒ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
You can subscribe to updates from him. You can talk to him.
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๋น„๋ฒ„๋„ค ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ™”๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
16:42
And what I like to think of
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด
16:45
is this is an interface
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์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
16:48
that re-scripts how we interact with natural systems,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ต๊ฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
specifically by changing who has information,
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ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
16:54
where they have it,
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์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€,
16:56
who can make sense of that information,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
16:58
and what you can do about it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
In this case, instead of throwing chewing gum,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ’์„ ๊ฒ€, ๋„๋ฆฌํ† ์Šค ๋“ฑ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
17:03
or Doritos or whatever you have in your pocket at the fish --
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์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ , ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
17:06
There's a body of water in Iceland that I've been dealing with
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์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ ๋„์‹œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—
17:08
that's in the middle of the city,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์ค‘์ธ ํฐ ๋ฌผ์›…๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
17:10
and the largest pollution burden on it
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ง์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ์€
17:12
is not the roadborne pollution,
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๋„๋กœ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
it's actually white bread
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
17:16
from people feeding the fish and the birds.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋กœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํฐ ๋นต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
Instead of doing that actually, we've developed some fish sticks
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋นต์„ ๋จน์ด๋กœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐํ•œ๋ฐ ์ค˜๋„ ๋˜๋Š”
17:20
that you can feed the fish.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์Šคํ‹ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
They're delicious.
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๋ง›์žˆ์–ด์š”..
17:25
They're cross-species delicious that is,
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์ข…์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ๋ง›์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:28
delicious for humans and non-humans.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋“ , ๋ง›์žˆ์–ด์š”.
17:30
But they also have a chelating agent in them.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ‚ฌ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ์•ฝ์ด ํ•จ์œ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
17:32
They're nutritionally appropriate,
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๋„๋ฆฌํ† ์Šค์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
17:34
not like Doritos.
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์˜์–‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ ํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
And so every time
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๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€
17:39
that desire to interact with the animals,
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์š•๋ง์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค,
17:42
which is at least as ubiquitous
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์š•๋ง์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜์ง€์š”.
17:46
as that sign: "Do not feed the animals."
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"๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”."๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
17:48
And there's about three of them on every New York City park.
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๋‰ด์š• ์‹œ ๊ณต์›์—๋Š” ๊ณต์›๋งˆ๋‹ค 3๊ฐœ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
And Yellowstone National Park,
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์˜๋กœ์šฐ์Šคํ†ค ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์—๋Š”
17:53
there's more "do not feed the animals" signs
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"๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์ด
17:55
than there are animals you might wish to feed.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
17:58
But in that action, that interaction,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ต๊ฐ์€
18:01
by re-scripting that,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นŠ์ด ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
18:03
by changing it into an opportunity
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์˜์–‘ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ
18:05
to offer food that is nutritionally appropriate,
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ์‚ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ
18:08
that could augment the nutritional resources
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ์‹œํ‚จ ์˜์–‘์†Œ๋ฅผ
18:10
that we ourselves have depleted
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ
18:12
for augmenting the fish population
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
18:14
and also adding chelating agent,
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ํ‚ฌ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ์•ฝ๋„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:16
which, like any chelating agent that we use medicinally,
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๊ทธ ํ‚ฌ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ ์‹œ์•ฝ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์‹œ์•ฝ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
18:20
binds to the bioaccumulated heavy metals and PCBs
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์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์„œ์‹์ฒ˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
18:23
that are in the fish
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ฒด๋‚ด์— ์ถ•์ ๋œ
18:25
living in this particular habitat
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์ค‘๊ธˆ์†๊ณผ PCBs๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
18:28
and allows them to pass it out as a harmless salt
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก
18:30
where it's complexed by a reactive,
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ
18:33
effectively removing it from bioavailability.
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๋ฌดํ•ดํ•œ ์†Œ๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:36
But I wanted to say that interaction,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
18:38
re-scripting that interaction,
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๊ต๊ฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ต๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
18:40
into collective action, collective remediative action,
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์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™, ์ง‘๋‹จ์  '์น˜๋ฃŒ' ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‹จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
very different from the approach
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ—ˆ๋“œ์Šจ๊ฐ• ์ €ํŽธ์—์„œ
18:46
that's being used on the other side on the Hudson River,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Š” ํŒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
where we're dredging the PCBs --
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์—์„œ๋Š” PCBs๋ฅผ ์ค€์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:52
after 30 years of legislative and legal struggle,
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--30๋…„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์ , ์ž…๋ฒ•์  ํˆฌ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ธ ๋์—
18:56
GE's paying for the dredging
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ŠˆํผํŽ€๋“œ ๋ถ€์ง€๋ฅผ
18:58
of the largest Superfund site in the world --
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์ค€์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์€ GE๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ถˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:01
we're dredging it, and it'll probably get shipped off to Pennsylvania
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค€์„คํ•ด์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฐ”๋‹ˆ์•„๋‚˜
19:04
or the nearest Third World country,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ œ3์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์‹ค๋ ค ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
19:06
where it will continue to be toxic sludge.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ๋… ์นจ์ „๋ฌผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
19:10
Displacement is not the way to deal with environmental issues.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์น˜์›Œ ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
And that's typically the paradigm
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์˜จ
19:16
under which we've operated.
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ.
19:18
By actually taking the opportunity
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ,
19:20
that new technologies,
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ต๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
19:22
new interactive technologies, present
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ,
19:24
to re-script our interactions,
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ต๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
19:26
to script them,
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์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ˆ™๊ณ ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง์œผ๋กœ์จ
19:28
not just as isolated, individuated interactions,
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๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜ํ™”๋œ ๊ต๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
19:31
but as collective aggregating actions
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์–‘์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
19:35
that can amount to something,
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์ง‘๋‹จ์  ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ์„œ
19:37
we can really begin to address
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋„์ „์„
19:39
some of our important environmental challenges.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:41
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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