Can we solve global warming? Lessons from how we protected the ozone layer | Sean Davis

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2019-02-12 ・ TED


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Can we solve global warming? Lessons from how we protected the ozone layer | Sean Davis

193,404 views ・ 2019-02-12

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seung-Min Lee κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
So, I'm a climate scientist,
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μ €λŠ” κΈ°ν›„κ³Όν•™μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
and if this room is representative of the country we live in,
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이곳이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λŠ” λ‚˜λΌλΌκ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
00:21
that means about 60 percent of you, so maybe from about there over,
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μ—¬κΈ° 앉아계신 λΆ„λ“€μ˜ μ•½ 60%κ°€ ν•œ μ—¬κΈ°μ―€λΆ€ν„° μ €μͺ½κΉŒμ§€
00:26
don't strongly trust me for information on the causes of climate change.
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κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”μ˜ μš”μΈμ— κ΄€ν•œ 것에 μžˆμ–΄ μ €λ₯Ό μ™„μ „νžˆ 믿지 λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
Now, I promise to tell the truth tonight,
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였늘밀 μ‚¬μ‹€λŒ€λ‘œ λ§ν•˜κ² λ‹€κ³  μ•½μ†λ“œλ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ
00:34
but just to humor that demographic,
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μ € λΆ„λ“€μ˜ λΉ„μœ„λ₯Ό λ§žμΆ”κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
00:37
I've started this talk with a falsehood.
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이 연섀을 κ±°μ§“λ§λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
[The Paris Climate Accord is a product of the recognition
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[파리 κΈ°ν›„ ν˜‘μ •μ€ κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 보편적 λ¬Έμ œλΌλŠ” μΈμ‹μ˜ μ‚°λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€...]
μ΄λŠ” μ˜€λ°”λ§ˆ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ˜ λ°œμ–Έμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
that climate change is a global problem ...]
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00:44
This statement was not made by President Obama.
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레이건 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ ν•œ λ°œμ–Έμ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
00:46
It was made by President Reagan,
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κΈ°ν›„ 변화와 νŒŒλ¦¬κΈ°ν›„ν˜‘μ •μ— κ΄€ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:48
and it wasn't about climate change and the Paris Climate Accord.
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00:51
It was actually about the Montreal Protocol
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사싀 λͺ¬νŠΈλ¦¬μ˜¬ μ˜μ •μ„œμ™€
00:53
and stratospheric ozone depletion.
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μ„±μΈ΅κΆŒμ˜ 였쑴측 νŒŒκ΄΄μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
Now, I'm sure that many of you aren't familiar with this environmental problem,
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λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 이 ν™˜κ²½λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
but you should be,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„μ…”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
because it's a rare environmental success story.
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λ“œλ¬Έ ν™˜κ²½μ  성곡담이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:06
And it's worth revisiting,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ…Όμ˜ν•  κ°€μΉ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
because sometimes, we need to examine the world we've avoided
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” μ„ νƒλ“€μ˜ μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄
01:12
in order to find guidance for the choices we make today.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νšŒν”Όν–ˆλ˜ 세계λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄μ•Όν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:16
So let's go back to the 1970s,
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고둜 의문슀러운 선택듀이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ˜
01:19
when some questionable choices were made:
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1970λ…„λŒ€λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:22
first of all -- hoo -- hairstyles. (Laughs)
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첫째, 휴, ν—€μ–΄μŠ€νƒ€μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. (μ›ƒμŒ)
01:27
Second of all, objectively terrible quantities of hairspray,
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λ‘˜μ§Έ, κ°κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ ν—€μ–΄μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄
01:31
and third, CFCs, chlorofluorocarbons,
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그리고 μ…‹μ§Έ, CFC, ν”„λ ˆμ˜¨κ°€μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
man-made chemicals that were used as propellant in aerosol spray cans.
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μ—μ–΄λ‘œμ‘Έ μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄μ˜ μ••μΆ•κ°€μŠ€λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 인곡 ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄μ§€μš”.
01:41
And see, it turns out these CFCs were a problem
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이 CFCκ°€ μ˜€μ‘΄μΈ΅μ„ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
01:44
because they were destroying the ozone layer.
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Now I'm sure most of you have heard of the ozone layer,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€ 쀑 λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ μ˜€μ‘΄μΈ΅μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 듀어보셨을 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
01:50
but why does it matter?
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근데 μ™œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:51
Well, quite simply, the ozone layer is earth's sunscreen,
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κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ λ§ν•˜λ©΄ μ˜€μ‘΄μΈ΅μ€ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μžμ™Έμ„  μ°¨λ‹¨μ œμΈλ°
01:56
and it's really fragile.
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맀우 λΆ€μ„œμ§€κΈ° μ‰¬μ›Œμš”.
01:58
If you could take all of the ozone,
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λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ 10μ—μ„œ 20마일 정도 μœ„μ— μžˆλŠ”
02:00
which is mostly about 10 to 20 miles up above our heads,
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μ˜€μ‘΄μ„ μ „λΆ€ 가져와
02:03
and compress it down to the surface of the earth,
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ ν‘œλ©΄μ— μ••μΆ•μ‹œμΌœ λˆ„λ₯΄λ©΄
02:06
it would form a thin shell only about two pennies thick,
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동전 두 개 정도 λ‘κ»˜μ˜ 막이 ν˜•μ„±λ  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
about an eighth of an inch.
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8λΆ„μ˜1 인치 정도가 λ˜κ² κ΅°μš”.
02:12
And that thin shell does an amazing amount of work, though.
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ κ·Έ 얇은 막이 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
It filters out more than 90 percent of the harmful UV radiation
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νƒœμ–‘μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” ν•΄λ‘œμš΄ μžμ™Έμ„ μ„
90% 이상 κ±ΈλŸ¬λ‚΄μ£ .
02:21
coming from the sun.
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02:23
And while I'm sure many of you enjoy that suntan that you get
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λ˜ν•œ μ—¬κΈ° λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 10%λ‘œλŠ” 선탠을 μ¦κΈ°μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ
02:28
from the remaining 10 percent, it causes a lot of problems:
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μ΄λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 문제λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
cataracts,
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λ°±λ‚΄μž₯
02:34
damage to crops,
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μž‘λ¬Ό 훼손
02:36
damage to immune systems
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λ©΄μ—­μ²΄κ³„μ˜ 손상
02:38
and also skin cancer.
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그리고 ν”ΌλΆ€μ•”κΉŒμ§€μš”.
02:40
It's not an exaggeration
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μ˜€μ‘΄μΈ΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ„ν˜‘μ΄
02:42
to say that a threat to the ozone layer is a threat to human safety.
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μΈκ°„μ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ„ν˜‘μ΄λΌ 해도 과언이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
And actually, ironically, it was human safety
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사싀 CFCλ₯Ό 발λͺ…ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ”
02:50
that motivated the invention of CFCs in the first place.
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λͺ¨μˆœμ μ΄κ²Œλ„ μΈκ°„μ˜ μ•ˆμ „ λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
You see, in the early days of refrigeration,
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냉μž₯ μ‹œμ„€ μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—
02:55
refrigerators used toxic and flammable chemicals
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냉μž₯고듀은 ν”„λ‘œνŒκ³Ό μ•”λͺ¨λ‹ˆμ•„ 같은
02:59
like propane and ammonia.
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독성이 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μ—°μ„± ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
For good reason, the refrigeration industry
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냉동 산업은 μ •λ‹Ήν•œ 이유둜
03:03
wanted a safe alternative,
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μ•ˆμ „ν•œ λŒ€μ•ˆμ±…μ„ μ›ν–ˆκ³ ,
03:05
and they found that in 1928,
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1928년에 이λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
when a scientist named Thomas Midgley
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ν† λ§ˆμŠ€ λ―Έμ¦λ¦¬λΌλŠ” κ³Όν•™μžκ°€
03:10
synthesized the first commercially viable CFCs.
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μƒμ—…μ μœΌλ‘œ 이용 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ CFCλ₯Ό ν•©μ„±ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œμ˜€μ£ .
03:14
And in fact, Midgley famously inhaled CFCs and blew out a candle
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그리고 λ―Έμ¦λ¦¬λŠ” 널리 μ•Œλ €μ§„λŒ€λ‘œ κ³Όν•™ μ»¨νΌλŸ°μŠ€μ—μ„œ
03:20
to demonstrate, at a scientific conference,
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CFCκ°€ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  λΆˆμ—°μ„±μž„μ„ 보이기 μœ„ν•΄
03:22
that they were safe and nonflammable.
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CFCλ₯Ό λ“€μ΄λ§ˆμ‹œκ³  초λ₯Ό κ»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
And in fact, as a scientist, I can tell you there is no way
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그리고 κ³Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 건데
사싀 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ” 그런 λ³„λ‚œ μ§“μœΌλ‘œ λΉ μ Έλ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
03:28
you could get away with that kind of antic today.
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03:30
I mean, wow.
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λ„€, λ†€λžλ„€μš”.
03:33
But really, at the time,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ •λ§λ‘œ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ”
03:34
CFCs were a really remarkable invention.
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CFCλŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ μ£Όλͺ©ν• λ§Œν•œ 발λͺ…ν’ˆμ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:38
They allowed what we now know as modern-day refrigeration
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν”νžˆ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 냉동 μ‹œμ„€κ³Ό
03:42
and air-conditioning and other things.
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에어컨 그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것듀을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
03:44
So it wasn't actually until over 40 years later, in the 1970s,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 사싀 40년이 λ„˜μ€ 후인 1970λ…„λŒ€κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ„œμ•Ό
03:50
when scientists realized that CFCs would break down high in the atmosphere
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ CFCκ°€ λŒ€κΈ°μ˜ 높은 κ³³μ—μ„œ λΆ„ν•΄λ˜μ–΄
03:55
and damage the ozone layer.
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μ˜€μ‘΄μΈ΅μ„ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
And this finding really set off a lot of public concern.
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이 λ°œκ²¬μ€ 정말 λ§Žμ€ λŒ€μ€‘λ“€μ˜ 관심을 λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
It led, ultimately, to the banning of CFC usage in aerosol spray cans
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μ΄λŠ” κ²°κ΅­ 1978λ…„ λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ‡λͺ‡ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ
04:05
in the US and a few other countries in 1978.
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μ—μ–΄λ‘œμ‘Έ μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄μ— CFC μ‚¬μš©μ„ κΈˆν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
Now, the story doesn't end there,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 끝이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
because CFCs were used in much more than just spray cans.
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CFCλŠ” μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ 말고도 많이 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:15
In 1985, scientists discovered the Antarctic ozone hole,
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1985년에 κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 남극 였쑴 홀을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆκ³ 
04:20
and this was a truly alarming discovery.
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μ΄λŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ λ†€λΌμš΄ λ°œκ²¬μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
Scientists did not expect this at all.
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 상상도 ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
04:28
Before the Antarctic ozone hole,
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남극 였쑴 홀을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ° 전에
04:29
scientists expected maybe a five or 10 percent reduction
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 100년에 걸쳐 μ•½ 5λ˜λŠ” 10%의
04:33
in ozone over a century.
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였쑴이 κ°μ†Œν•  것을 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
But what they found over the course of less than a decade
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그듀은 10년도 채 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ
04:40
was that more than a third of the ozone had simply vanished,
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였쑴이 3λΆ„μ˜1이 λ„˜κ²Œ μ‚¬λΌμ‘ŒμŒμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
over an area larger than the size of the US.
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미ꡭ보닀도 큰 μ˜μ—­μ΄ 말이죠.
04:48
And although we now know that CFCs are the root cause of this ozone hole,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ CFCκ°€ 이 였쑴 ν™€μ˜ 근본적 μ›μΈμ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ§€λ§Œ,
04:52
at the time, the science was far from settled.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œμ— 과학은 자리λ₯Ό μž‘μ€ μƒνƒœκ°€ μ „ν˜€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
04:56
Yet despite this uncertainty,
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ 이런 λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•¨ μ†μ—μ„œ
04:59
the crisis helped spur nations to act.
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이 μœ„κΈ°λŠ” ꡭ가듀이 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜λ„λ‘ μžκ·Ήμ„ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
So that quote that I started this talk with,
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강연을 μ‹œμž‘ν•  λ•Œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ
05:06
about the Montreal Protocol, from President Reagan --
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레이건 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ˜ λͺ¬νŠΈλ¦¬μ˜¬ μ˜μ •μ„œμ— κ΄€ν•œ μΈμš©κ΅¬λŠ”
05:09
that was his signing statement when he signed the Montreal Protocol
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λ―Έκ΅­ 상원이 만μž₯일치둜 λΉ„μ€€ν•œ ν›„
05:13
after its unanimous ratification by the US Senate.
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κ·Έκ°€ λͺ¬νŠΈλ¦¬μ˜¬ μ˜μ •μ„œμ— μ„œλͺ…ν•œ μ„œλͺ…λ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
And this is something that's truly worth celebrating.
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그리고 μ΄λŠ” μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 기릴 λ§Œν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
In fact, yesterday was the 30th anniversary of the Montreal Protocol.
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사싀 μ–΄μ œκ°€ λͺ¬νŠΈλ¦¬μ˜¬ μ˜μ •μ„œ 30μ£Όλ…„μ΄μ—ˆλ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
05:30
Because of the protocol,
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μ˜μ •μ„œ 덕뢄에
05:32
ozone-depleting substances are now declining in our atmosphere,
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μ˜€μ‘΄μ„ κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€μ΄ λŒ€κΈ°μ—μ„œ 쀄어듀고 있고
05:36
and we're starting to see the first signs of healing in the ozone layer.
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였쑴측이 λ³΅κ΅¬λ˜λŠ” 것을 보기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
And furthermore, because many of those ozone-depleting substances
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ μ˜€μ‘΄μ„ κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ§Žμ€ λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€μ΄
05:45
are also very potent greenhouse gases,
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•΄μ„œ
05:47
the Montreal Protocol has actually delayed global warming
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λͺ¬νŠΈλ¦¬μ˜¬ μ˜μ •μ„œλŠ” 사싀상 지ꡬ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”λ₯Ό
05:50
by more than a decade.
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10λ…„ λ„˜κ²Œ λŠ¦μ·„μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
That's just wonderful.
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κ·Έμ•Όλ§λ‘œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œκ±°μ£ .
05:54
But I think it's worth asking the question,
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그런데 이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 던져볼 λ§Œν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:59
as we face our current environmental crisis, global warming,
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ν˜„μž¬ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„κΈ°μΈ 지ꡬ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”λ₯Ό μ§λ©΄ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
06:02
what lessons can we learn from Montreal?
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λͺ¬νŠΈλ¦¬μ˜¬ μ˜μ •μ„œλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ–΄λ–€ κ΅ν›ˆμ„ 얻을 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:05
Are there any? I think there are.
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κ΅ν›ˆμ΄ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? μ €λŠ” μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
First, we don't need absolute certainty to act.
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첫째, ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ™„μ „ν•œ 확신이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
When Montreal was signed,
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λͺ¬νŠΈλ¦¬μ˜¬ μ˜μ •μ„œμ— μ„œλͺ…ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
06:15
we were less certain then of the risks from CFCs
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ 배좜둜 μΈν•œ μœ„ν—˜λ³΄λ‹€
06:19
than we are now of the risks from greenhouse gas emissions.
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CFC둜 μΈν•œ μœ„ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 확신이 덜 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
A common tactic that people who oppose climate action use
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κΈ°ν›„ 행동에 λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 일반적인 μ „μˆ μ€
06:28
is to completely ignore risk and focus only on uncertainty.
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μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ¬΄μ‹œν•΄λ²„λ¦¬κ³  λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μ—λ§Œ μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”λŠ” κ±°μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
But so what about uncertainty?
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근데 무슨 λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μΌκΉŒμš”?
06:35
We make decisions in the face of uncertainty all the time,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•¨μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  맀번 결정을 내리죠.
06:39
literally all the time.
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말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ§€λ²ˆμ΄μš”.
06:41
You know, I'll bet those of you who drove here tonight,
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였늘 μ°¨λ₯Ό λͺ°κ³  μ˜€μ‹  뢄듀은
06:45
you probably wore your seat belt.
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μ•ˆμ „λ²¨νŠΈλ₯Ό 맀셨을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
And so ask yourself,
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ν•œλ²ˆ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
06:50
did you wear your seat belt because someone told you
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λˆ„κ°€ 도쀑에 사고가 λ‚  것이라고
06:52
with a hundred percent [certainty]
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100%의 [ν™•μ‹ ]을 가지고 λ§ν•΄μ„œ
06:54
that you would get in a car crash on the way here?
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μ•ˆμ „λ²¨νŠΈλ₯Ό 맀신 κ±΄κ°€μš”?
06:57
Probably not.
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μ•„λ§ˆ 아닐 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
So that's the first lesson.
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이것이 첫번째 κ΅ν›ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:01
Risk management and decision making always have uncertainty.
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μœ„ν—˜ 관리와 결정을 ν•˜λŠ” λ°μ—λŠ” μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•¨μ΄ λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
Ignoring risk and focusing only on uncertainty is a distraction.
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μœ„ν—˜μ„ λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³  λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•¨μ—λ§Œ μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”λŠ” 것은 λ°©ν•΄κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
In other words, inaction is an action.
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λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄ 무행동이 곧 ν–‰λ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
Second, it takes a village to raise a healthy environment.
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λ‘˜μ§Έ, μΎŒμ ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것은 λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ νž˜λ“  μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
The Montreal Protocol wasn't just put together by industry and governments
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λͺ¬νŠΈλ¦¬μ˜¬ μ˜μ •μ„œλŠ” μ‚°μ—…κ³Ό μ •λΆ€λ‚˜
07:26
or environmental advocacy groups and scientists.
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ν™˜κ²½ 보호 단체와 κ³Όν•™μžλ“€λ§Œμ΄ λ§Œλ“  것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
It was put together by all of them.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λ§Œλ“  κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
07:32
They all had a seat at the table,
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λͺ¨μ—¬μ„œ
07:35
and they all played an important role in the solution.
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해결책을 λ‚΄λŠ” 데 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
And I think in this regard,
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이런 μ μ—μ„œ
07:39
we're actually seeing some encouraging signs today.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  고무적인 μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 보고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:41
We see not just environmental groups concerned about climate change
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν™˜κ²½ λ‹¨μ²΄λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:46
but also civic and religious groups,
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μ‹œλ―Ό 단체와 쒅ꡐ 단체,
07:49
the military and businesses.
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κ΅°λŒ€μ™€ 기업듀도 κΈ°ν›„ 변화에 관심을 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
So wherever you find yourself on that spectrum,
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이 쀑 어디에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λ“ 
07:55
we need you at the table,
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μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
07:57
because if we're going to solve global warming,
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지ꡬ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
07:59
it's going to take actions at all levels,
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λͺ¨λ“  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
from the individual to the international
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κ°œμΈμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° κ΅­μ œμ μœΌλ‘œκΉŒμ§€
08:04
and everything in between.
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그리고 κ·Έ 사이 λͺ¨λ“  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œλ„μš”.
08:08
Third lesson:
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μ„Έ 번째 κ΅ν›ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
don't let the perfect be the enemy of the good.
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완벽이 μ„ μ˜ 적이 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
08:14
While Montreal has become the brake pedal for stopping ozone depletion,
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λͺ¬νŠΈλ¦¬μ˜¬ μ˜μ •μ„œκ°€ 였쑴 κ°μ†Œλ₯Ό λ§‰λŠ” 브레이크 역할을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
08:19
at its beginning, it was more just like a tap on the brakes.
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μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” κ°€λ³κ²Œ κ±΄λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” μ •λ„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
It was actually the later amendments to the protocol
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후에 μ˜μ •μ„œλ₯Ό κ°œμ •ν•œ 것이
08:27
that really marked the decision to hit the brakes on ozone depletion.
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였쑴 κ°μ†Œμ— μ œλ™μ„ 걸도둝 ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
So to those who despair
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ νŒŒλ¦¬κΈ°ν›„ν˜‘μ •μ΄
08:34
that the Paris Climate Accord didn't go far enough
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μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜
08:37
or that your limited actions on their own won't solve global warming,
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μ œν•œμ μΈ μ‘°μΉ˜λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 지ꡬ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μ²΄λ…ν•˜λŠ” λΆ„λ“€κ»˜
08:42
I say don't let the perfect be the enemy of the good.
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완벽이 μ„ μ˜ 적이 되게 ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ‹œλΌκ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
And finally, I think it helps us to contemplate the world we've avoided.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νšŒν”Όν–ˆλ˜ 세상에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각할 수 있게 ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
Indeed, the world we have avoided by enacting the Montreal Protocol
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λͺ¬νŠΈλ¦¬μ˜¬ μ˜μ •μ„œλ₯Ό μ œμ •ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νšŒν”Όν–ˆλ˜ 세상은 μ‹€λ‘œ
09:00
is one of catastrophic changes
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ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό μΈκ°„μ˜ 행볡에
09:02
to our environment and to human well-being.
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μž¬μ•™κ³Ό 같은 λ³€ν™” 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
By the 2030s, we'll be avoiding millions of new skin cancer cases per year
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2030λ…„λŒ€μ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ•„μ§€κΈ°λ§Œ ν•˜λŠ”
09:12
with a number that would only grow.
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μ—°κ°„ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν”ΌλΆ€μ•” 사둀듀을 ν”Όν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
If I'm lucky, I'll live long enough to see the end of this animation
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λ§Œμ•½ 운이 μ’‹λ‹€λ©΄ 였래 μ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ 이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 결말을 보고
09:19
and to see the ozone hole restored to its natural state.
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μ˜€μ‘΄ν™€μ΄ μ›λž˜μ˜ μƒνƒœλ‘œ λ˜λŒμ•„μ˜€λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λ„€μš”.
09:24
So as we write the story for earth's climate future
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ κΈˆμ„ΈκΈ° 그리고 κ·Έ ν›„λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
09:27
for this century and beyond,
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ κΈ°ν›„μ˜ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
09:29
we need to ask ourselves, what will our actions be
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우리의 μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ 무엇이 될지 생각해봐야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
so that someone can stand on this stage
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κ·Έλž˜μ•Όλ§Œ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€
09:35
in 30 or 50 or a hundred years
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30λ…„ ν˜Ήμ€ 50λ…„, μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 100λ…„ 후에 이 λ¬΄λŒ€μ— μ„œμ„œ
09:39
to celebrate the world that they've avoided.
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그듀이 ν”Όν•΄μ™”λ˜ 세상을 기릴 수 μžˆμ„ν…Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
09:43
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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