Doris Kearns Goodwin: What we can learn from past presidents

45,692 views ใƒป 2008-10-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Eyal Ronel ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:18
So, indeed, I have spent my life
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื™
00:20
looking into the lives of presidents who are no longer alive.
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:24
Waking up with Abraham Lincoln in the morning,
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ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
00:26
thinking of Franklin Roosevelt when I went to bed at night.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืคืจื ืงืœื™ืŸ ืจื•ื–ื•ื•ืœื˜ ื›ืฉื ืจื“ืžืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
00:29
But when I try and think about what I've learned
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™
00:31
about the meaning in life, my mind keeps wandering back
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ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ
00:34
to a seminar that I took when I was a graduate student at Harvard
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ื”ืกืžื™ื ืจ ืฉืœืงื—ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“
00:37
with the great psychologist Erik Erikson.
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ืืฆืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืืจื™ืง ืืจื™ืงืกื•ืŸ.
00:40
He taught us that the richest and fullest lives
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ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:43
attempt to achieve an inner balance between three realms:
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ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื:
00:47
work, love and play.
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืžืฉื—ืง.
00:50
And that to pursue one realm to the disregard of the other,
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ื”ืชืขืžืงื•ืช ื‘ืื—ื“ ืชื•ืš ื”ื–ื ื—ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื
00:52
is to open oneself to ultimate sadness in older age.
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ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ;
00:56
Whereas to pursue all three with equal dedication,
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชืขืžืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ื™ื—ื“
00:58
is to make possible a life filled not only with achievement,
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ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืœืื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื™ื
01:01
but with serenity.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื•ื”.
01:03
So since I tell stories, let me look back
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
01:05
on the lives of two of the presidents I've studied to illustrate this point --
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ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช,
01:09
Abraham Lincoln and Lyndon Johnson.
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ื”ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ื•ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ.
01:12
As for that first sphere of work,
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ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
01:14
I think what Abraham Lincoln's life suggests
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ
01:17
is that fierce ambition is a good thing.
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ืฉืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืืคืชื ื•ืช ืขื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:20
He had a huge ambition.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืืคืชืŸ ืžืื•ื“.
01:22
But it wasn't simply for office or power or celebrity or fame --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉืืฃ ืจืง ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื• ื›ื•ื— ืื• ืคืจืกื•ื ืื• ืชื”ื™ืœื” โ€“
01:26
what it was for was to accomplish something worthy enough in life
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ืืœื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•
01:30
so that he could make the world a little better place for his having lived in it.
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ืฉื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืขื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื‘ื•.
01:35
Even as a child, it seemed, Lincoln dreamed heroic dreams.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื™ืœื“ ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ื—ืœื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”.
01:39
He somehow had to escape that hard-scrabble farm
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฅ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื”
01:42
from which he was born.
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ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื”.
01:43
No schooling was possible for him,
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ืœื ื”ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“
01:45
except a few weeks here, a few weeks there.
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื
01:47
But he read books in every spare moment he could find.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืคื ื•ื™.
01:50
It was said when he got a copy of the King James Bible
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ื›ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœื™ื“ื™ื• ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชื "ืš
01:52
or "Aesop's Fables," he was so excited he couldn't sleep.
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ืื• ืžืฉืœื™ ืื™ื–ื•ืคื•ืก, ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฉืŸ
01:55
He couldn't eat.
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ื•ืœื ืื›ืœ.
01:56
The great poet Emily Dickinson once said,
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ืืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื™ืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ืืžืจื”:
01:58
"There is no frigate like a book to take us lands away."
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"ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืกืคืจ ืœืงื—ืชื ื• ืœืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื."
02:02
How true for Lincoln.
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ื›ืš ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ.
02:03
Though he never would travel to Europe,
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ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื ืกืข ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”
02:05
he went with Shakespeare's kings to merry England,
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื ืžืœื›ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื”
02:07
he went with Lord Byron's poetry to Spain and Portugal.
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ื•ืขื ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ืจื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืจื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืจื“ ื•ืœืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ.
02:10
Literature allowed him to transcend his surroundings.
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ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื” ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•.
02:14
But there were so many losses in his early life
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ืืš ืฉื›ื•ืœ ืจื‘ ืคืงื“ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื
02:16
that he was haunted by death.
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ื•ืžื•ื•ืช ืจื“ืฃ ืื•ืชื•.
02:18
His mother died when he was only nine years old;
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ืืžื• ืžืชื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื‘ืŸ ืชืฉืข.
02:20
his only sister, Sarah, in childbirth a few years later;
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ืื—ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืจื” ืžืชื” ื‘ืœื™ื“ืชื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื
02:24
and his first love, Ann Rutledge, at the age of 22.
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ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืŸ ืจื•ื˜ืœื“ื’', ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 22.
02:27
Moreover, when his mother lay dying,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื›ืฉืืžื• ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขืจืฉ ื“ื•ื•ื™
02:29
she did not hold out for him the hope
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ื˜ืขื” ื‘ื• ืชืงื•ื•ื”
02:31
that they would meet in an afterworld.
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื.
02:33
She simply said to him,
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ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืืžืจื”:
02:34
"Abraham, I'm going away from you now, and I shall never return."
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"ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืื ื™ ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืฉื•ื‘."
02:38
As a result he became obsessed with the thought
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืื“ื•ืงื•ืช
02:40
that when we die our life is swept away -- dust to dust.
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ืฉื‘ืžื•ืชื ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื, ื•ืืœ ืขืคืจ ื ืฉื•ื‘.
02:43
But only as he grew older did he develop
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ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื•
02:46
a certain consolation from an ancient Greek notion --
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ื ื—ืžื” ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช โ€“
02:48
but followed by other cultures as well --
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ื•ืžืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช โ€“
02:51
that if you could accomplish something worthy in your life,
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ืฉืื ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš
02:53
you could live on in the memory of others.
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ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื—ืงื•ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:56
Your honor and your reputation would outlive your earthly existence.
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ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืฆื‘ืจืช ื™ืืจื™ื›ื• ื™ืžื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื™ื•ืžืš ื”ืืจืฆื™.
03:01
And that worthy ambition became his lodestar.
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ื•ื›ืš ืฉืืคืชื ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ื”ื ื—ืชื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื•.
03:03
It carried him through the one significant depression that he suffered
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ื”ื™ื ืขื–ืจื” ืœื• ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื›ืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื ืฉืกื‘ืœ
03:07
when he was in his early 30s.
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•.
03:09
Three things had combined to lay him low.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืข ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
03:11
He had broken his engagement with Mary Todd,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ืื™ืจื•ืกื™ื• ืœืžืจื™ ื˜ื•ื“,
03:13
not certain he was ready to marry her,
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ื›ื™ ืคืงืคืง ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœื”
03:15
but knowing how devastating it was to her that he did that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืชืจืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืกื™ืŸ ืชื”ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื”.
03:18
His one intimate friend, Joshua Speed, was leaving Illinois
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ื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื’'ื•ืฉื•ืข ืกืคื™ื“ ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™
03:21
to go back to Kentucky because Speed's father had died.
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ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœืงื ื˜ืืงื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื•.
03:24
And his political career in the state legislature
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ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื
03:26
was on a downward slide.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฆื ื™ื—ื” ืชืœื•ืœื”.
03:28
He was so depressed that friends worried he was suicidal.
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ื›ื” ื“ื›ืื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉื™ืชืื‘ื“.
03:31
They took all knives and razors and scissors from his room.
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ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืจื•,
03:34
And his great friend Speed went to his side and said,
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ื•ื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืกืคื™ื“ ื™ืฉื‘ ืœืฆื“ื• ื•ืืžืจ,
03:37
"Lincoln, you must rally or you will die."
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"ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ, ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงื•ืžื ืื• ืฉืชืžื•ืช."
03:39
He said that, "I would just as soon die right now,
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ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืช ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ืข,
03:42
but I've not yet done anything to make any human being
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"ืื‘ืœ ื˜ืจื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•
03:45
remember that I have lived."
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"ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™."
03:47
So fueled by that ambition, he returned to the state legislature.
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ื•ื›ืš, ื›ืฉืฉืื™ืคืชื• ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืช ืื•ืชื•, ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื.
03:51
He eventually won a seat in Congress.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก.
03:54
He then ran twice for the Senate, lost twice.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ืจืฅ ืœืกื ืื˜ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ื“.
03:57
"Everyone is broken by life," Ernest Hemingway once said,
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"ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื," ืืžืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื™,
03:59
"but some people are stronger in the broken places."
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"ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจื•."
04:02
So then he surprised the nation with an upset victory
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ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืชื™ืข ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ
04:05
for the presidency over three far more experienced,
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ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•
04:08
far more educated, far more celebrated rivals.
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ืžื ื•ืกื™ื, ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื ืขืจืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื•.
04:12
And then when he won the general election,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช
04:14
he stunned the nation even more
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:16
by appointing each of these three rivals into his Cabinet.
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ื›ืฉืžื™ื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœืงืื‘ื™ื ื˜.
04:19
It was an unprecedented act at the time because everybody thought,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื•,
04:22
"He'll look like a figurehead compared to these people."
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"ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื•ื‘ืช ื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”."
04:25
They said, "Why are you doing this, Lincoln?"
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ื•ืฉืืœื•, "ืœืžื” ืขืฉื™ืช ื–ืืช, ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ?"
04:27
He said, "Look, these are the strongest
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ืืœื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
04:29
and most able men in the country.
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"ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
04:31
The country is in peril. I need them by my side."
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"ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื ืœืฆื“ื™."
04:34
But perhaps my old friend Lyndon Johnson
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ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ
04:36
might have put it in less noble fashion:
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ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืช:
04:38
"Better to have your enemies inside the tent pissing out,
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"ืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื”ืœ ืฉืžืฉืชื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
04:41
than outside the tent pissing in."
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"ืžืืฉืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื•ื”ืœ ื•ืžืฉืชื™ื ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”."
04:43
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:45
But it soon became clear that Abraham Lincoln
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ
04:48
would emerge as the undisputed captain of this unruly team.
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ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื›ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจืขืจ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื• ื”ื—ืชืจื ื™ืช,
04:52
For each of them soon came to understand
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ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
04:55
that he possessed an unparalleled array of
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ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืžืขืจืš ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช
04:57
emotional strengths and political skills
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ืฉืœ ืชืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
04:59
that proved far more important than the thinness of his external rรฉsumรฉ.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืจื–ื•ืžื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื•.
05:03
For one thing, he possessed an uncanny ability
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžื•ืคืœืื”
05:05
to empathize with and to think about other peoples' point of view.
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
05:09
He repaired injured feelings that might have escalated
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ืš ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื•
05:11
into permanent hostility.
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ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืœืขื•ื™ื ื•ืช.
05:13
He shared credit with ease,
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืœืง ืงืจื“ื™ื˜ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช,
05:15
assumed responsibility for the failure of his subordinates,
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ืœืงื— ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœื•,
05:18
constantly acknowledged his errors and learned from his mistakes.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืžื“ ืžืฉื’ื™ืื•ืชื™ื•.
05:22
These are the qualities we should be looking for in our candidates in 2008.
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ืืœื” ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช
05:25
(Applause)
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008.
05:28
He refused to be provoked by petty grievances.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื’ืจืจ ืœื›ืขืกื™ื ืงื ื˜ืจื ื™ื™ื.
05:32
He never submitted to jealousy or brooded over perceived slights.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงื™ื ื ื•ืœื ืฉืงืข ื‘ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช.
05:36
And he expressed his unshakeable convictions
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื
05:38
in everyday language, in metaphors, in stories.
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ื‘ืฉืคืช ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
05:42
And with a beauty of language -- almost as if
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ื‘ืฉืคื” ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืื™ืœื•
05:44
the Shakespeare and the poetry he had so loved as a child
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ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืชื•
05:46
had worked their way into his very soul.
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ื—ื“ืจื• ืืœ ื ื‘ื›ื™ ื ืฉืžืชื•.
05:50
In 1863, when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed,
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ื‘-1863, ืขื ื—ืชื™ืžืช ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช,
05:53
he brought his old friend, Joshua Speed, back to the White House,
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ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื’'ื•ืฉื•ืข ืกืคื™ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ,
05:55
and remembered that conversation of decades before, when he was so sad.
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ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘.
05:59
And he, pointing to the Proclamation, said,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืืžืจ:
06:01
"I believe, in this measure, my fondest hopes will be realized."
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"ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ื• ืชืชืžืžืฉื ื” ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉืื™ืคื•ืชื™ื™."
06:06
But as he was about to put his signature on the Proclamation
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”
06:09
his own hand was numb and shaking
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ื™ื“ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื”ืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื•ืจื•ืขื“ืช
06:11
because he had shaken a thousand hands that morning at a New Year's reception.
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ืžืืœืคื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ื˜ืงืก ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”.
06:14
So he put the pen down.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืขื˜.
06:16
He said, "If ever my soul were in an act, it is in this act.
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ื•ืืžืจ, "ืื ื ืฉืžืชื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื ื” ื›ืืŸ.
06:19
But if I sign with a shaking hand,
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"ืืš ืื ืื—ืชื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ ืจื•ืขื“ืช,
06:21
posterity will say, 'He hesitated.'"
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"ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื’ื™ื“ื•: 'ื”ื™ืกืก.'"
06:23
So he waited until he could take up the pen
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ
06:25
and sign with a bold and clear hand.
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ืœื—ืชื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
06:28
But even in his wildest dreams,
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ืืš ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืคืจื•ืขื™ื
06:30
Lincoln could never have imagined
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ืœื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ
06:31
how far his reputation would reach.
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ืœืืŸ ื™ืจื—ื™ืง ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
06:33
I was so thrilled to find an interview with the great Russian writer,
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ื›ื” ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
06:37
Leo Tolstoy, in a New York newspaper in the early 1900s.
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ืœืื• ื˜ื•ืœืกื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืงื™ ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
06:41
And in it, Tolstoy told of a trip that he'd recently made
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ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืœืกื˜ื•ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืกืข ืฉืขืจืš
06:44
to a very remote area of the Caucasus,
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ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื ื™ื“ื— ื‘ืงื•ื•ืงื–
06:46
where there were only wild barbarians,
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ืžืื•ื›ืœืก ื‘ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ื
06:48
who had never left this part of Russia.
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื“ื“ื• ืžืฉื.
06:50
Knowing that Tolstoy was in their midst,
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ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื•ืœืกื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืชื
06:52
they asked him to tell stories of the great men of history.
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืฉื™ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
06:55
So he said, "I told them about Napoleon
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื ืคื•ืœื™ืื•ืŸ
06:57
and Alexander the Great and Frederick the Great
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"ื•ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืคืจื“ืจื™ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
06:59
and Julius Caesar, and they loved it.
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"ื•ื™ื•ืœื™ื•ืก ืงื™ืกืจ
07:01
But before I finished, the chief of the barbarians stood up and said,
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"ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ืฆ'ื™ืฃ ื”ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ ืืžืจ,
07:04
'But wait, you haven't told us about the greatest ruler of them all.
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"'ืจื’ืข, ืœื ืกื™ืคืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ืœื.
07:07
We want to hear about that man who spoke with a voice of thunder,
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"ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจืขื,
07:11
who laughed like the sunrise,
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"ืฉืฆื—ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืžืฉ
07:13
who came from that place called America, which is so far from here,
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"ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉืžื• ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื”
07:15
that if a young man should travel there,
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"ืืฉืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืกืข ืืœื™ื”
07:17
he would be an old man when he arrived.
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"ื™ื’ื™ืข ื–ืงืŸ.
07:19
Tell us of that man. Tell us of Abraham Lincoln.'"
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"ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ."
07:23
He was stunned.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื“ื”ื.
07:24
He told them everything he could about Lincoln.
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืขืœื™ื•
07:26
And then in the interview he said, "What made Lincoln so great?
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ื•ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืืžืจ, "ืžื”ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื•?
07:28
Not as great a general as Napoleon,
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"ืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืœ ื ืคื•ืœืื•ืŸ
07:30
not as great a statesman as Frederick the Great."
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"ืื• ืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื“ืจื™ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ."
07:33
But his greatness consisted, and historians would roundly agree,
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ืืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื ื‘ืขื”, ื•ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื,
07:36
in the integrity of his character
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ืžื”ื™ื•ืฉืจื” ืฉื‘ืื•ืคื™ื•
07:38
and the moral fiber of his being.
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ื•ื‘ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•ืชื•.
07:40
So in the end that powerful ambition
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ืื– ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืืคืชื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื”
07:42
that had carried Lincoln through his bleak childhood had been realized.
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ืฉืงื™ื ื ื” ื‘ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ืžืื– ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ื”ื—ืฉื•ื›ื” ื”ืคืฆื™ืขื”.
07:45
That ambition that had allowed him to laboriously educate himself by himself,
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ื”ืฉืืคืชื ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœื• ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ืคืจืš ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•,
07:50
to go through that string of political failures
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ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื
07:52
and the darkest days of the war.
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ื•ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื›ื™ื.
07:54
His story would be told.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ื™ืกื•ืคืจ.
07:57
So as for that second sphere, not of work, but of love --
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืœื ืื”ื‘ื”,
08:00
encompassing family, friends and colleagues --
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื -
08:03
it, too, takes work and commitment.
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ื’ื ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
08:06
The Lyndon Johnson that I saw in the last years of his life,
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ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื•
08:08
when I helped him on his memoirs,
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ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•
08:10
was a man who had spent so many years in the pursuit of
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ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืจื“ืฃ
08:13
work, power and individual success,
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
08:15
that he had absolutely no psychic or emotional resources left
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ื•ืœื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืื• ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื
08:19
to get him through the days
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ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื•
08:20
once the presidency was gone.
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืชื•ื ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช.
08:23
My relationship with him began on a rather curious level.
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ื™ื—ืกื™ื™ ืื™ืชื• ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
08:26
I was selected as a White House Fellow when I was 24 years old.
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ื ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช 24
08:29
We had a big dance at the White House.
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ื•ื ืขืจืš ื ืฉืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ.
08:31
President Johnson did dance with me that night.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ ืจืงื“ ืื™ืชื™.
08:33
Not that peculiar --
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ืœื ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข,
08:34
there were only three women out of the 16 White House Fellows.
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ืžืชื•ืš 16 ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง 3 ื ืฉื™ื.
08:36
But he did whisper in my ear that he wanted me
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ืืš ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืืขื‘ื•ื“
08:39
to work directly for him in the White House.
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ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ.
08:41
But it was not to be that simple.
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ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื‘ืš,
08:42
For in the months leading up to my selection,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื ื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจื•ืชื™,
08:44
like many young people, I'd been active
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ื›ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืคืขื™ืœื”
08:46
in the anti-Vietnam War movement,
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ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืื,
08:48
and had written an article against Lyndon Johnson,
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ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืžืืžืจ ื ื’ื“ ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ,
08:51
which unfortunately came out in The New Republic
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ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื
08:52
two days after the dance in the White House.
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ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ืฉืฃ
08:54
(Laugher)
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ.
08:56
And the theme of the article was how to remove Lyndon Johnson from power.
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ื•ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ
08:59
(Laughter)
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ืžื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ.
09:00
So I was certain he would kick me out of the program.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืื–ืจืง ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
09:03
But instead, surprisingly, he said,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ:
09:04
"Oh, bring her down here for a year,
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"ืชื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื” ื”ื ื” ืœืฉื ื”.
09:06
and if I can't win her over, no one can."
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"ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื›ื ืขื”, ื–ื” ืื ื™."
09:09
So I did end up working for him in the White House.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ.
09:11
Eventually accompanied him to his ranch to help him on those memoirs,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืœื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืืœื™ื• ืœื—ื•ื•ืชื•
09:13
never fully understanding why he'd chosen me to spend so many hours with.
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ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืœืžื” ื‘ื—ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™.
09:17
I like to believe it was because I was a good listener.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘
09:20
He was a great storyteller.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืœืกืคืจ.
09:21
Fabulous, colorful, anecdotal stories.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื, ืกืกื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืคื™ืงื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
09:23
There was a problem with these stories, however,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
09:25
which I later discovered, which is that half of them weren't true.
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืฉืžื—ืฆื™ืชื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
09:28
But they were great, nonetheless.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•
09:29
(Laughter)
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ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื.
09:30
So I think that part of his attraction for me was that I loved listening to his tall tales.
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ืื– ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื™ ื ื‘ืขื” ืžื›ืš ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžืขืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžื ื•ืคื—ื•ืช.
09:35
But I also worried that part of it was that I was then a young woman.
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ืืš ื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืฉื’ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ืื™ืฉื” ืฆืขื™ืจื”,
09:38
And he had somewhat of a minor league womanizing reputation.
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ื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืžืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™.
09:41
So I constantly chatted to him about boyfriends,
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ืื– ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื˜ืคื˜ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
09:43
even when I didn't have any at all.
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ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™.
09:45
Everything was working perfectly,
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ
09:46
until one day he said he wanted to discuss our relationship.
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ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•.
09:48
Sounded very ominous when he took me nearby to the lake,
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ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœืื’ื ืกืžื•ืš
09:51
conveniently called Lake Lyndon Baines Johnson.
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ืฉื ืงืจื ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื’ื ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืก ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ,
09:54
And there was wine and cheese and a red-checked tablecloth --
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆืช,
09:56
all the romantic trappings.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
09:58
And he started out,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ:
09:59
"Doris, more than any other woman I have ever known ... "
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"ื“ื•ืจื™ืก, ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืจืชื™..."
10:01
And my heart sank.
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ื•ืœื‘ื™ ืฆื ื—.
10:03
And then he said,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ:
10:04
"You remind me of my mother."
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"ืืช ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื™ ืืช ืืžื ืฉืœื™."
10:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:07
It was pretty embarrassing, given what was going on in my mind.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืš, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืจืืฉ.
10:13
But I must say, the older I've gotten,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชื‘ื’ืจืชื™,
10:15
the more I realize what an incredible privilege it was
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืื™ื–ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื”
10:17
to have spent so many hours with this aging lion of a man.
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ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื“ืงืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
10:20
A victor in a thousand contests,
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ืžื ืฆื— ืฉืœ ืืœืฃ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช,
10:22
three great civil rights laws, Medicare, aid to education.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
10:27
And yet, roundly defeated in the end by the war in Vietnam.
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ืžื•ื‘ืก ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืื.
10:30
And because he was so sad and so vulnerable,
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ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื•
10:32
he opened up to me in ways he never would have
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ื”ื•ื ื ืคืชื— ืืœื™ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื
10:34
had I known him at the height of his power --
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื•
10:36
sharing his fears, his sorrows and his worries.
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ื•ืฉื™ืชืฃ ืคื—ื“ื™ื, ื—ืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ื“ืื’ื•ืช.
10:39
And I'd like to believe that the privilege fired within me
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฆืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™
10:42
the drive to understand the inner person behind the public figure,
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ืืช ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
10:45
that I've tried to bring to each of my books since then.
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ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืžืื–.
10:49
But it also brought home to me the lessons
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื
10:51
which Erik Erikson had tried to instill in all of us
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ืฉืืจื™ืง ืืจื™ืงืกื•ืŸ ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื•
10:54
about the importance of finding balance in life.
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
10:57
For on the surface, Lyndon Johnson should have had
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ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ
10:59
everything in the world to feel good about in those last years,
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ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
11:03
in the sense that he had been elected to the presidency;
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ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื,
11:05
he had all the money he needed to pursue
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ืกืฃ
11:07
any leisure activity he wanted;
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ืœื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืคื ืื™ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”,
11:09
he owned a spacious ranch in the countryside, a penthouse in the city,
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ื—ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ื“ื™ืจืช ืคื ื˜ื”ืื•ืก ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
11:12
sailboats, speedboats.
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ืกื™ืจื•ืช ืžืคืจืฉ ื•ืžื ื•ืข,
11:14
He had servants to answer any whim,
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ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื—ืžื•ืชื™ื•
11:16
and he had a family who loved him deeply.
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ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื• ืื”ื‘ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”.
11:20
And yet, years of concentration solely on work and individual success
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ื•ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืžืงื“
11:23
meant that in his retirement he could find no solace
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฆื ื ื—ืžื”
11:27
in family, in recreation, in sports or in hobbies.
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ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื‘ื ื•ืคืฉ, ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื• ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื.
11:31
It was almost as if the hole in his heart was so large
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ
11:34
that even the love of a family, without work, could not fill it.
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ืฉืืฃ ืื”ื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•, ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืžืœื.
11:37
As his spirits sagged, his body deteriorated
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ื›ืฉืจื•ื—ื• ื ืคืœื”, ื’ื•ืคื• ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจ
11:40
until, I believe, he slowly brought about his own death.
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ืขื“ ืืฉืจ, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื•ืชื•.
11:44
In those last years, he said he was so sad
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชืขืฆื‘
11:46
watching the American people look toward a new president and forgetting him.
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ื›ืฉืจืื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื•ื›ื— ืื•ืชื•.
11:50
He spoke with immense sadness in his voice,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืฆืขืจ ื›ื‘ื“
11:52
saying maybe he should have spent more time with his children,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื•
11:54
and their children in turn.
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ื•ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.
11:56
But it was too late.
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ืืš ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™.
11:58
Despite all that power, all that wealth,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ื•ืขื•ืฉืจื•
12:00
he was alone when he finally died --
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ื”ื•ื ืžืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ -
12:02
his ultimate terror realized.
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ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ืจื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืชืžืžืฉื”.
12:05
So as for that third sphere of play,
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ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง,
12:07
which he never had learned to enjoy,
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ืฉืžืžื ื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื”ื ื”,
12:09
I've learned over the years
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื
12:11
that even this sphere requires a commitment of time and energy --
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ืฉื’ื ื‘ื• ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื›ื•ื—.
12:14
enough so that a hobby, a sport, a love of music,
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘, ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
12:18
or art, or literature, or any form of recreation,
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ืื• ืืžื ื•ืช ืื• ืกืคืจื•ืช ืื• ืคื ืื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
12:21
can provide true pleasure, relaxation and replenishment.
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ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืœื•ื ื”ื”ื ืื”, ื”ืจื’ื™ืขื” ื•ื”ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช.
12:25
So deep, for instance, was Abraham Lincoln's love of Shakespeare,
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ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ืœืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื” ืขืžื•ืงื”
12:28
that he made time to spend more than a hundred nights in the theater,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ,
12:32
even during those dark days of the war.
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ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื›ื™ื.
12:34
He said, when the lights went down and a Shakespeare play came on,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืฉื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ื• ื•ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจื™ ืขืœื”,
12:37
for a few precious hours he could imagine himself
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ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•
12:40
back in Prince Hal's time.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื”ืืœ.
12:43
But an even more important form of relaxation for him,
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ืืš ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ืคื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื• ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:45
that Lyndon Johnson never could enjoy,
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ืืš ืœื ืืช ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื’'ื•ื ืกื•ืŸ,
12:47
was a love of -- somehow -- humor,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ื“ืจืš.
12:51
and feeling out what hilarious parts of life can produce
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ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื™ืš ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
12:54
as a sidelight to the sadness.
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ื ื•ื’ื”ื™ื ืื•ืจ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืขืฆื‘.
12:56
He once said that he laughed so he did not cry,
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ืคืขื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื—ืง ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื›ื”.
13:00
that a good story, for him, was better than a drop of whiskey.
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ืฉืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคืช ื•ื™ืกืงื™.
13:04
His storytelling powers had first been recognized
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ื‘ืขืช
13:06
when he was on the circuit in Illinois.
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ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™.
13:07
The lawyers and the judges would travel
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ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื ืกืขื•
13:09
from one county courthouse to the other,
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ืžื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ,
13:11
and when anyone was knowing Lincoln was in town,
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ื•ื›ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืขื™ืจื”
13:14
they would come from miles around to listen to him tell stories.
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ื ืงื‘ืฆื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื•.
13:16
He would stand with his back against a fire
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ืžื“ื•ืจื”
13:18
and entertain the crowd for hours with his winding tales.
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ื•ืžื‘ื“ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•.
13:22
And all these stories became part of his memory bank,
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•
13:24
so he could call on them whenever he needed to.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืœืฅ ืื•ืชื ื›ืœ ืื™ืžืช ืฉื ื–ืงืง ืœื”ื.
13:27
And they're not quite what you might expect from our marble monument.
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื.
13:29
One of his favorite stories, for example,
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ืื—ื“ ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื• ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื”
13:31
had to do with the Revolutionary War hero, Ethan Allen.
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ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ืื™ืช'ืŸ ืืœืŸ.
13:34
And as Lincoln told the story,
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ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ,
13:36
Mr. Allen went to Britain after the war.
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ืžืจ ืืœืŸ ื ืกืข ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.
13:38
And the British people were still upset
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ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื’ื•ืžื™ื
13:40
about losing the Revolution,
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ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ื‘ืžื”ืคื›ื”,
13:41
so they decided to embarrass him a little bit
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•
13:43
by putting a huge picture of General Washington
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ื•ืฉืžื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ืจืœ ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ
13:46
in the only outhouse, where he'd have to encounter it.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ื•.
13:48
They figured he'd be upset about the indignity
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ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืจืขื
13:50
of George Washington being in an outhouse.
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
13:52
But he came out of the outhouse not upset at all.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืžืฉื ื‘ืœื™ ืจื•ื’ื–.
13:54
And so they said, "Well, did you see George Washington in there?"
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ื•ื”ื ืฉืืœื•: "ื ื•, ืจืื™ืช ืืช ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื?"
13:57
"Oh, yes," he said, "perfectly appropriate place for him."
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"ื”ื•, ื›ืŸ," ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื•."
14:00
"What do you mean?" they said.
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"ืžื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชืš?" ืฉืืœื•.
14:02
"Well," he said, "there's nothing to make an Englishman shit
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"ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ื ืœื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ ืœื—ืจื‘ืŸ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
14:05
faster than the sight of General George Washington."
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"ืžื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ื’ื ืจืœ ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ."
14:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:10
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:12
So you can imagine, if you are in the middle of a tense cabinet meeting --
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ืื– ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ืืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืกื•ืขืจืช -
14:16
and he had hundreds of these stories --
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืžืื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” -
14:18
you would have to relax.
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืข.
14:21
So between his nightly treks to the theater,
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ืื– ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื• ืœืชืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘
14:23
his story telling, and his extraordinary sense of humor
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื• ื•ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื•,
14:27
and his love of quoting Shakespeare and poetry,
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ื•ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจื”,
14:29
he found that form of play which carried him through his days.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื™ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ืžื™ื•.
14:33
In my own life, I shall always be grateful
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ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืœื™, ืื ื™ ืืกื™ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื”
14:36
for having found a form of play in my irrational love of baseball.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืก,
14:39
Which allows me, from the beginning of spring training
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘
14:42
to the end of the fall,
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ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืชื™ื•
14:43
to have something to occupy my mind and heart
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ืœืžืœื ืืช ืจืืฉื™ ื•ืœื‘ื™
14:45
other than my work.
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ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
14:47
It all began when I was only six years old,
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ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช ืฉืฉ
14:49
and my father taught me that mysterious art of keeping score
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ื•ืื‘ื ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช
14:51
while listening to baseball games --
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ื›ืฉืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื‘ืกื™ืก.
14:53
so that when he went to work in New York during the day,
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ื•ื›ืš ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืกืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื
14:56
I could record for him the history of that afternoon's
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ืฉื™ื ื ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฉื—ืง
14:58
Brooklyn Dodgers game.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ื’'ืจืก ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื.
15:00
Now, when you're only six years old,
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ื›ืฉืืช ื‘ืช 6
15:01
and your father comes home every single night
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ื•ืื‘ื™ืš ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
15:02
and listens to you -- as I now realize that I, in excruciating detail,
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ืžืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืฉืืช โ€“ ืื ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืžื™ื™ื’ืข ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™
15:06
recounted every single play of every inning
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ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“
15:07
of the game that had just taken place that afternoon.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื•ืจ ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื.
15:10
But he made me feel I was telling him a fabulous story.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื•ืคืœื.
15:13
It makes you think there's something magic about history
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ื•ืื– ืืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืกื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
15:15
to keep your father's attention.
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ืฉืžืจืชืง ืืช ืื‘ื™ืš.
15:17
In fact, I'm convinced I learned the narrative art
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืืช ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
15:19
from those nightly sessions with my father.
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ืžื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืขื ืื‘ื™.
15:21
Because at first, I'd be so excited I would blurt out,
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืคืœื˜ืชื™:
15:23
"The Dodgers won!" or, "The Dodgers lost!"
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"ื”ื“ื•ื“ื’'ืจืก ื ื™ืฆื—ื•!" ืื• "ื”ื“ื•ื“ื’'ืจืก ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื•!"
15:25
Which took much of the drama of this two-hour telling away.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืจืžื” ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื.
15:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:29
So I finally learned you had to tell a story
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคืจ
15:31
from beginning to middle to end.
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื“ืจ.
15:33
I must say, so fervent was my love
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืงื“ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš
15:35
of the old Brooklyn Dodgers in those days
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ืœื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ื’'ืจืก ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื
15:37
that I had to confess in my first confession
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ืฉื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื™ืชื™
15:39
two sins that related to baseball.
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ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื‘ืกื™ืก.
15:41
The first occurred because the Dodgers' catcher, Roy Campanella,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืงืจื” ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ืคืก ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื“ื’'ืจืก, ืจื•ื™ ืงืžืคื ืœื”,
15:44
came to my hometown of Rockville Centre, Long Island,
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™, ืจื•ืงื•ื•ื™ืœ ืกื ื˜ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื™ืœื ื“,
15:46
just as I was in preparation for my first Holy Communion.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ืชื™ ืœืžื™ืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
15:49
And I was so excited --
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ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ -
15:51
first person I'd ever see outside of Ebbets Field.
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ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืืคื’ื•ืฉ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื‘ื˜ืก ืคื™ืœื“.
15:53
But it so happened he was speaking in a Protestant Church.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฆื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœื ืื•ื ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ืช.
15:56
When you are brought up as a Catholic, you think
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ื™ืœื“ื” ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช
15:57
that if you ever set foot in a Protestant Church,
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ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขืช ืฉืื ืชื“ืจื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ืช
15:59
you'll be struck dead at the threshold.
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ืืช ืชืžื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื.
16:01
So I went to my father in tears, "What are we going to do?"
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ืื– ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืœื›ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ืžืขื•ืช, "ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช?"
16:03
He said, "Don't worry. He's speaking in a parish hall.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ื–ื” ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืœื ืžืœื™ืื”,
16:05
We're sitting in folding chairs. He's talking about sportsmanship.
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"ืขืœ ื›ืกืื•ืช ืžืชืงืคืœื™ื, ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜.
16:07
It's not a sin."
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"ื–ื” ืœื ื—ื˜ื."
16:08
But as I left that night, I was certain that somehow
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื™ืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืืชื• ืขืจื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”
16:11
I'd traded the life of my everlasting soul
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ืฉืžื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืืœืžื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉืžืชื™
16:13
for this one night with Roy Campanella.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืจื‘ ืขื ืจื•ื™ ืงืžืคื ืœื”.
16:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:16
And there were no indulgences around that I could buy.
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ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื›ืš ืžื—ื™ืœื”.
16:19
So I had this sin on my soul when I went to my first confession.
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ืื– ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื–ื” ืจื‘ืฅ ืขืœื™ ื›ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
16:22
I told the priest right away.
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื•ืžืจ.
16:23
He said, "No problem. It wasn't a religious service."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื–ื• ืœื ืชืคื™ืœื”."
16:25
But then, unfortunately, he said, "And what else, my child?"
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ, "ื•ืžื” ืขื•ื“, ื™ืœื“ืชื™?"
16:28
And then came my second sin.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฆื ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™.
16:30
I tried to sandwich it in between talking too much in church,
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื˜ืคื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื”
16:32
wishing harm to others, being mean to my sisters.
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ืื™ื—ื•ืœื™ ืจืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื˜ืคืœื•ืช ืœืื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื™.
16:35
And he said, "To whom did you wish harm?"
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืœืžื™ ืื™ื—ืœืช ืจืข?"
16:37
And I had to say that I wished that various New York Yankees players
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ื•ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื™ื—ืœืชื™ ืฉื›ืžื” ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื™ื ืงื™ื–
16:41
would break arms, legs and ankles --
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ื™ืฉื‘ืจื• ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช, ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื
16:43
(Laughter)
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ื•ืงืจืกื•ืœื™ื™ื
16:44
-- so that the Brooklyn Dodgers could win their first World Series.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ื’'ืจืก ื™ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
16:47
He said, "How often do you make these horrible wishes?"
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ
16:48
And I had to say, every night when I said my prayers.
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"ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช?" ื•ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื”
16:51
(Laughter)
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ื›ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœืชื™.
16:52
So he said, "Look, I'll tell you something.
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
16:53
I love the Brooklyn Dodgers, as you do,
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"ืชืจืื™, ื’ื ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื“ ืฉืœื”ื,
16:55
but I promise you some day they will win fairly and squarely.
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"ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื™ื–ื›ื• ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช.
16:58
You do not need to wish harm on others to make it happen."
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"ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืื—ืœ ืจืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื."
17:00
"Oh yes," I said.
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"ื›ืŸ," ืขื ื™ืชื™,
17:01
But luckily, my first confession -- to a baseball-loving priest!
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื–ืœื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘
17:04
(Laughter)
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ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื‘ืกื™ืก.
17:05
Well, though my father died of a sudden heart attack
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ืืฃ ืฉืื‘ื™ ืžืช ืžื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘ ืคืชืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช
17:08
when I was still in my 20s,
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ื”-20 ืœื—ื™ื™
17:09
before I had gotten married and had my three sons,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ืฉืืชื™ ื•ื™ืœื“ืชื™ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ื™,
17:13
I have passed his memory -- as well as his love of baseball -- on to my boys.
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ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื• โ€“ ื•ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื‘ืกื™ืก โ€“ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
17:17
Though when the Dodgers abandoned us to come to L.A.,
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ืืš ื›ืฉื”ื“ื•ื“ื’'ืจืก ื ื˜ืฉื• ืื•ืชื ื•
17:19
I lost faith in baseball until I moved to Boston
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ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื‘ืกื™ืก, ืขื“ ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ
17:23
and became an irrational Red Sox fan.
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ื•ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืžืขืจื™ืฆืช ืจื“ ืกื•ืงืก ืžื•ืฉื‘ืขืช.
17:26
And I must say, even now, when I sit with my sons
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช
17:28
with our season tickets,
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ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืขื•ื ื”,
17:30
I can sometimes close my eyes against the sun
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™
17:32
and imagine myself, a young girl once more, in the presence of my father,
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ื•ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื™,
17:36
watching the players of my youth on the grassy fields below:
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ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื”ื“ืฉื ืœืžื˜ื”.
17:39
Jackie Robinson, Roy Campanella, Pee Wee Reese, and Duke Snider.
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ื’'ืงื™ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื™ ืงืžืคื ืœื”, ืคื™ ื•ื™ ืจื™ืก ื•ื“ื™ื•ืง ืกื ื™ื™ื“ืจ.
17:43
I must say there is magic in these moments.
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ื™ืฉ ืงืกื ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
17:45
When I open my eyes and I see my sons
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืคื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื
17:47
in the place where my father once sat,
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ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื‘ื™ ื™ืฉื‘
17:50
I feel an invisible loyalty and love
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ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื” ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื•ืช
17:52
linking my sons to the grandfather whose face they never had a chance to see,
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ืฉืงื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ ืœืกื‘ื ืฉืืช ืคื ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื•
17:56
but whose heart and soul they have come to know
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื•ืืช ื ืฉืžืชื•
17:58
through all the stories I have told.
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ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื”ื.
18:01
Which is why, in the end, I shall always be grateful for this curious love of history,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื”ื™ื” ืืกื™ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
18:04
allowing me to spend a lifetime looking back into the past.
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ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ.
18:08
Allowing me to learn from these large figures
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ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
18:11
about the struggle for meaning for life.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
18:13
Allowing me to believe that the private people
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ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื
18:15
we have loved and lost in our families,
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ืฉืื”ื‘ื ื• ื•ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•
18:17
and the public figures we have respected in our history,
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ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
18:20
just as Abraham Lincoln wanted to believe,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ,
18:22
really can live on, so long as we pledge
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืชืŸ, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ื™ืฉื‘ืข
18:25
to tell and to retell the stories of their lives.
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ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
18:29
Thank you for letting me be that storyteller today.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืชืชื ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
18:31
(Applause)
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ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
18:32
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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